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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(3-isopropyl-6-oxo-hept-1-enyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 58090-98-5 C15H24O3
    5-(3-isopropyl-6-oxo-hept-1-enyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 5-[(4-Fluorophenyl)methyl]-11-hydroxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one —— C19H23FN2O3S
    5-[(4-Fluorophenyl)methyl]-11-hydroxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— 10-Ethyl-14-methyl-3-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-12-oxatetracyclo[7.6.1.04,16.011,15]hexadecan-13-one —— C23H34O4
    10-Ethyl-14-methyl-3-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-12-oxatetracyclo[7.6.1.04,16.011,15]hexadecan-13-one
    —— 9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one —— C20H28O5
    9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one
    —— 3,5,6-Trimethyloxan-2-one 72668-38-3 C8H14O2
    3,5,6-Trimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 3-Hexadeca-7,15-dien-9,11-diynyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C21H28O3
    3-Hexadeca-7,15-dien-9,11-diynyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4,5,8-Trihydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O5
    4,5,8-Trihydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 5-(10,10-Dibromo-3-methoxydeca-1,9-dienyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H22Br2O3
    5-(10,10-Dibromo-3-methoxydeca-1,9-dienyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 8-hydroxy-8-methyl-1-methylidene-4,5,5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-octahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one —— C14H20O3
    8-hydroxy-8-methyl-1-methylidene-4,5,5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-octahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— Lactucin 109402-60-0 C15H16O5
    Lactucin
    —— 4-(6-Methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H24O3
    4-(6-Methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— methyl2-hydroxy-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.02,7]dodecan-8-yl)ethyl]-1,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-7-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-3-ene-6-carboxylate —— C26H34O7
    methyl2-hydroxy-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.02,7]dodecan-8-yl)ethyl]-1,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-7-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-3-ene-6-carboxylate
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxolan-2-one 89-67-8 C7H12O7
    3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 15-(Furan-3-yl)-13-methyl-6,16-dioxatricyclo[11.4.0.04,8]heptadeca-4(8),9-diene-7,12,17-trione —— C20H20O6
    15-(Furan-3-yl)-13-methyl-6,16-dioxatricyclo[11.4.0.04,8]heptadeca-4(8),9-diene-7,12,17-trione
    —— 3-Acetyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    3-Acetyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— [11-Oxo-7-(1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexyl)-2,12-dioxatricyclo[6.4.1.04,13]tridec-7-en-3-yl] acetate —— C22H32O5
    [11-Oxo-7-(1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexyl)-2,12-dioxatricyclo[6.4.1.04,13]tridec-7-en-3-yl] acetate
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H22O5
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— 7-Hydroxy-3-propyl-4,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-8-en-5-one —— C12H18O4
    7-Hydroxy-3-propyl-4,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-8-en-5-one
    —— 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one —— C12H16O4
    3-(Hydroxymethyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one
    —— 6,16-Dihydroxy-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-14-one —— C19H30O4
    6,16-Dihydroxy-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-14-one
    —— 5-Chloro-7a-hydroxy-6a,8,9-trimethyl-3-(3-methylpent-1-enyl)-6a,7a,8,9,11a,11b-hexahydro-2,7,10-trioxabenzo [c]fluorene-6,11-dione —— C23H27ClO6
    5-Chloro-7a-hydroxy-6a,8,9-trimethyl-3-(3-methylpent-1-enyl)-6a,7a,8,9,11a,11b-hexahydro-2,7,10-trioxabenzo [c]fluorene-6,11-dione
    —— 2,7,11-Trimethyl-4-oxo-5,14-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadeca-12,15-diene-7-carboxylic acid —— C20H26O5
    2,7,11-Trimethyl-4-oxo-5,14-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadeca-12,15-diene-7-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-[2-[6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O4
    3-[2-[6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— β-Carboxy-β-hydroxy-γ-butyrolacton 19014-10-9 C5H6O5
    β-Carboxy-β-hydroxy-γ-butyrolacton
    —— 3-Hexadec-7-enyl-4,5-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H36O4
    3-Hexadec-7-enyl-4,5-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 2-[4-(2-Ethenyl-4,4-dimethylcyclopenten-1-yl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C15H20O4
    2-[4-(2-Ethenyl-4,4-dimethylcyclopenten-1-yl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— 3a,7,9b-trimethyl-2,3,5a,8,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]chromen-4-one —— C15H22O2
    3a,7,9b-trimethyl-2,3,5a,8,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]chromen-4-one
    —— 4,8,12-Trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridec-11-en-3-one —— C15H22O2
    4,8,12-Trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridec-11-en-3-one
    —— 5-Heptatetracont-36-enyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C53H100O3
    5-Heptatetracont-36-enyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 4,4,5,7,7-Pentamethyl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one —— C12H20O3
    4,4,5,7,7-Pentamethyl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one
    —— 11-Hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-10-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[8.3.1.02,7]tetradec-1(13)-en-3-one —— C20H28O4
    11-Hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-10-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[8.3.1.02,7]tetradec-1(13)-en-3-one
    —— [2-[2-(8-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl] acetate —— C21H30O5
    [2-[2-(8-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl] acetate
    —— 13-Hydroxy-7-methyl-16-oxatetracyclo[13.2.2.03,11.05,9]nonadeca-1,9-diene-8,17,18-trione —— C19H22O5
    13-Hydroxy-7-methyl-16-oxatetracyclo[13.2.2.03,11.05,9]nonadeca-1,9-diene-8,17,18-trione
    —— NCGC00380534-01_C20H24O7_2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,10,11,11a-decahydro-3-(methoxymethyl)-6-methyl-10-methylene-2,7-dioxo-6,9-epoxycyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl ester —— C20H24O7
    NCGC00380534-01_C20H24O7_2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,10,11,11a-decahydro-3-(methoxymethyl)-6-methyl-10-methylene-2,7-dioxo-6,9-epoxycyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl ester
    —— Fuconolacton 24286-61-1 C6H10O5
    Fuconolacton
    —— 9-[4-hydroperoxy-3-methylidene-5-(3-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)pentyl]-10-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one —— C25H36O7
    9-[4-hydroperoxy-3-methylidene-5-(3-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)pentyl]-10-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one
    —— 7-methyl-8-methylidene-2-oxospiro[4a,6a,7,9-tetrahydro-4H-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid —— C15H16O5
    7-methyl-8-methylidene-2-oxospiro[4a,6a,7,9-tetrahydro-4H-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid
    —— 9,10,12-trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C20H26O4
    9,10,12-trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— alpha-Carboxy-delta-decalactone —— C11H18O4
    alpha-Carboxy-delta-decalactone
    —— 6-methyl-3-methylidene-5-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one —— C15H18O3
    6-methyl-3-methylidene-5-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 10-Methyldodecan-5-olide —— C13H24O2
    10-Methyldodecan-5-olide
    —— 9a-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,7,8,8a,9-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione —— C15H20O4
    9a-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,7,8,8a,9-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione
    —— (6'-Hydroxy-10',11'-dioxospiro[1,2,3,3a,4,7a-hexahydroindene-5,3'-9-oxabicyclo[6.2.2]dodec-1-ene]-1-yl) acetate —— C21H26O6
    (6'-Hydroxy-10',11'-dioxospiro[1,2,3,3a,4,7a-hexahydroindene-5,3'-9-oxabicyclo[6.2.2]dodec-1-ene]-1-yl) acetate
    —— (11-Methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradecan-10-yl) acetate —— C17H22O5
    (11-Methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradecan-10-yl) acetate
    —— D-glucuronolactone 7330-12-3 C6H8O6
    D-glucuronolactone
    —— 3,4-Seco-3,4-epoxyfriedelane-3-one —— C30H50O2
    3,4-Seco-3,4-epoxyfriedelane-3-one
    —— 5-Dec-9-ynyl-3-[2,3-di(propan-2-yloxy)propyl]oxolan-2-one —— C23H40O4
    5-Dec-9-ynyl-3-[2,3-di(propan-2-yloxy)propyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5,13-Dihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-4,9,12-trione —— C15H20O6
    5,13-Dihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-4,9,12-trione
    —— 3-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one —— C20H26N2O3S2
    3-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-6-[2-(2-methyl-3-oxo-2,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one —— C18H26O4
    4-hydroxy-6-[2-(2-methyl-3-oxo-2,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one