内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (S)-6-[(S)-3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-propyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 116903-78-7 | C27H38O5Si |
| —— | 2-Oxo-5-<1-ethyl-pentyl>-tetrahydrofuran | 91213-27-3 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | γ-Lacton der 7-Hydroxy-hexahydroinden-dicarbonsaeure-(4,5) | 96431-21-9 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | α-methoxycarbonylamino-γ-methyl-γ-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone | 120346-09-0 | C9H13NO4 |
| —— | (Z)-(S)-9-dodecyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-oxonin-2-one | 1370732-65-2 | C20H36O2 |
| —— | α-Acetyl-γ-hydroxy-caprolacton-semicarbazon | 90769-11-2 | C9H15N3O3 |
| —— | 2-Oxy-cyclopentyl-propionsaeure-lacton | 5732-67-2 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 1,2-Dimethyl-3ξ-aethoxy-cyclobutan-dicarbonsaeure-(1,2)-anhydrid | 90926-90-2 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (2R,3S)-2,3-Dimethyl-2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 92730-58-0 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | (E)-3-(chloromethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 95457-88-8 | C5H5ClO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-(3α,5α,8R<sup>*</sup>)-3,8-dihexyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione | 94842-28-1 | C19H32O4 |
| —— | cis-tetrahydro-6-(iodomethyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one | 92927-50-9 | C7H11IO2 |
| —— | tert-butyl (3S,4S,5S)-4,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ylcarbamate | 1253734-91-6 | C22H45NO6Si2 |
| —— | (1R,5S,8R)-8-[(E)-(S)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-oct-1-enyl]-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one | 74328-55-5 | C21H36O3Si |
| —— | (1R,2R,6S,8R)-5-acetyl-3,10-dioxa-4-azatricyclo<6.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>undec-4-en-9-one | 119680-63-6 | C10H11NO4 |
| —— | 3-tert-Butyl-4,5,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 71647-87-5 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | 4-ethylidene-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one | 113495-41-3 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (2S,2'S,2"S,4"S)-methanesulfonic acid N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-[2'-amino-2'-(4"-isopropyl-5"-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2"-yl)-ethyl]-3-methylbutyl ester | 179993-30-7 | C20H37NO7S |
| —— | tert-butyl 5-methylene-2-oxo-3-(o-tolyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate | 1181692-69-2 | C18H22O4 |
| —— | 5-ethoxymethyl-3-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 90647-42-0 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | (E)-3-(2-thienylmethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 274902-07-7 | C9H8O2S |
| —— | (2-Oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 2-phenylacetate | 125399-86-2 | C12H12O5 |
| —— | ethyl (2R,3R)-4-methylidene-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate | 106118-72-3 | C14H14O4 |
| —— | 3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100117-49-5 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-<i>trans</i>-tetrahydro-benzofuran-2,7-dione-7-oxime | 98593-66-9 | C8H11NO3 |
| —— | Tetrahydromethoxycycloeupatolid | 97834-65-6 | C16H26O4 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-2-ethyl-tetrahydropyran-4-carbonsaeure | 77554-88-2 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | (S)-2-hydroxy-2-((R)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-phenylacetic acid | 1279018-31-3 | C12H12O5 |
| —— | 41702-39-0 | C14H20O2 | |
| —— | exo-6-(Ethoxycarbonylamino)-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-en-endo-5-carbonsaeure-ethylester | 82313-42-6 | C13H17NO6 |
| —— | (6R,7R)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-oxo-10-oxa-tricyclo[4.4.0.0<sup>2,8</sup>]dec-3-ene-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 129666-96-2 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | Enollacton der 7α-Methyl-1-acetyl-perhydroindano-(5)-<β-propionsaeure-(4)> | 73024-04-1 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | 5β-Hydroxy-4α-methoxy-2β-carbomethoxy-cyclohexan-carbonsaeure-(1)-γ-lacton | 90927-38-1 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | (3S,3aR,4S,6R,7aS)-4-hydroxy-6-<(methanesulfonyl)oxy>-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo<b>furan-2(3H)-one | 226886-03-9 | C15H24O6S |
| —— | 108734-29-8 | C27H47BrO5Si | |
| —— | 4-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1063681-92-4 | C10H12O2S |
| —— | 3-[(E)-Benzylimino-methyl]-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 141046-47-1 | C13H15NO2 |
| —— | 73638-01-4 | C13H18INO4 | |
| —— | ent-13-methoxymethoxy-3,4-seco-20-norgibberell-16-ene-3,7-dioic acid 7-mehyl ester 19,10-lactone | 1029302-40-6 | C22H30O8 |
| —— | 2α-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethylbicyclo<3.3.0>octane-4α,6α-carbolactone | 127268-65-9 | C16H28O3Si |
| —— | tert-butyl 2-((2S,4R)-4-methoxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)acetate | 1568948-96-8 | C11H18O5 |
| —— | (4R,6S)-trans-4-(triisopropylsilyloxy)-6-iodomethyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 121772-49-4 | C15H29IO3Si |
| —— | (E)-α-(1'-Bromohexylidene)-β-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone | 129178-11-6 | C12H17BrO2 |
| —— | 1248589-99-2 | C10H15NO3 | |
| —— | 6-benzyl-3-methylideneoxan-2-one | 86312-09-6 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | (+)-(R)-4-pentyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 123976-01-2 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 9,9-dimethyl-octahydro-3,9a-methano-benz[<i>b</i>]oxepin-2-one | 68901-14-4 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | {1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-)-O,O'}(n-propanamine){sulfinyl-bis{methane}-S}platinum(II) | 125280-95-7 | C11H21NO5PtS |
| —— | 4,6,6-Trimethyl-7-oxo-8-oxabicyclo-<2.2.2>-octan-2-exo-carbonsaeure | 19316-08-6 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | methyl (4S,4'S,4a'S,8a'S)-4'-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4'a,5',6',7',8',8'a-hexahydro-5',5',8'a-trimethyl-2-oxospiro<1,3-dioxolane-4,1'(4'H)-naphthalene>-2'-carboxylate | 121617-65-0 | C23H38O6Si |
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