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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— tert-butyl (S,E)-1-(dihydro-2-oxofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)-4-methylpentan-2-yl-carbamate 1447927-57-2 C15H25NO4
    tert-butyl (S,E)-1-(dihydro-2-oxofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)-4-methylpentan-2-yl-carbamate
    —— (3aS,4S,6aR)-4-(8-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxyoctyl)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 470467-01-7 C31H42O3Si
    (3aS,4S,6aR)-4-(8-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxyoctyl)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4S,6aS)-4-[8-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-octyl]-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 470467-06-2 C31H42O3Si
    (3aR,4S,6aS)-4-[8-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-octyl]-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-((1S)-1-(N-Boc-amino)-3-methylbutyl)-3-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 105018-87-9 C18H31NO4
    (3R,5S)-5-((1S)-1-(N-Boc-amino)-3-methylbutyl)-3-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2R,4S,5S)-2-(2-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5-<(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino>-7-methyloctanoic acid δ-lactone 103335-79-1 C17H31NO4
    (2R,4S,5S)-2-(2-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5-<(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino>-7-methyloctanoic acid δ-lactone
    —— (-)-(5S)-dihydro-5-(3'-trifluoroacetoxypropyl)-2(3H)-furanone 144829-15-2 C9H11F3O4
    (-)-(5S)-dihydro-5-(3'-trifluoroacetoxypropyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-acetic acid 10340-94-0 C7H10O4
    (2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-acetic acid
    —— 1-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 105310-65-4 C11H9ClO2
    1-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 3-(4-iodobutyl)-5-phenyloxolan-2-one 114783-91-4 C14H17IO2
    3-(4-iodobutyl)-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4-Hydroxy-2-oxo-6-tridecyloxan-4-YL)acetic acid 105918-24-9 C20H36O5
    (4-Hydroxy-2-oxo-6-tridecyloxan-4-YL)acetic acid
    —— (3aS,4R,6aR)-4-ethenyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 932391-35-0 C9H12O2
    (3aS,4R,6aR)-4-ethenyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (R)-5-Undecyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 109788-70-7 C15H28O2
    (R)-5-Undecyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— Teuchamaedryn A 75443-75-3 C19H20O5
    Teuchamaedryn A
    —— (4R,5S,Z)-3-hexylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1417335-39-7 C11H18O3
    (4R,5S,Z)-3-hexylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-triethylsilyloxy-4-[(1E,3RS)-3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-en-1-yl]hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1036855-76-1 C22H40O4Si
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-triethylsilyloxy-4-[(1E,3RS)-3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-en-1-yl]hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (E)-4-ethylidene-3-methyloxetan-2-one 5659-14-3 C6H8O2
    (E)-4-ethylidene-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— 3-methyl-7-phenyloxepan-2-one 72349-99-6 C13H16O2
    3-methyl-7-phenyloxepan-2-one
    —— 7-phenyloxepan-2-one —— C12H14O2
    7-phenyloxepan-2-one
    —— (S)-(-)-2-Methyl-2-(2'-nitrovinyl)-δ-valerolactone 102631-75-4 C8H11NO4
    (S)-(-)-2-Methyl-2-(2'-nitrovinyl)-δ-valerolactone
    —— α-bromo-ε-caprolactone 135359-80-7 C6H9BrO2
    α-bromo-ε-caprolactone
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-4-Hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 106375-39-7 C6H10O4
    (3R,4S,5S)-4-Hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-4-Hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 106296-44-0 C6H10O4
    (3S,4S,5S)-4-Hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (2S,3R,4S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methyl-3-phenyl-δ-valerolactone 475503-91-4 C18H28O3Si
    (2S,3R,4S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methyl-3-phenyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— (2S,3R,4S)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenyl-δ-valerolactone 475503-79-8 C12H14O3
    (2S,3R,4S)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— (2S,3R,4R)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methyl-3-phenyl-δ-valerolactone 475503-88-9 C18H28O3Si
    (2S,3R,4R)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methyl-3-phenyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— 4-acetonyl-2-formylmethylbutanolide 113369-09-8 C11H18O4
    4-acetonyl-2-formylmethylbutanolide
    —— 8a-Methyl-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 131469-88-0 C10H16O2
    8a-Methyl-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 5-Pentyl-3-(prop-2-YN-1-YL)oxolan-2-one 113369-07-6 C12H18O2
    5-Pentyl-3-(prop-2-YN-1-YL)oxolan-2-one
    —— methyl camphanate 54200-35-0 C11H16O4
    methyl camphanate
    —— (-)-(1R,3R)-3-chlorocamphoric anhydride 87859-84-5 C10H13ClO3
    (-)-(1R,3R)-3-chlorocamphoric anhydride
    —— (1R,2R,4R,5S)-4-bromo-2-(2-bromophenyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]-octan-7-one 819858-45-2 C13H12Br2O2
    (1R,2R,4R,5S)-4-bromo-2-(2-bromophenyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]-octan-7-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-5-((1E,3E)-1,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1,3-hexadienyl)-4-methyl-3-(phenylseleno)methyl-5-pentenolide 218778-72-4 C23H32O2Se
    (3R,4S,5R)-5-((1E,3E)-1,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1,3-hexadienyl)-4-methyl-3-(phenylseleno)methyl-5-pentenolide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one 54812-08-7 C9H14O2
    4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— 6,7,8,9-tetramethylidene-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.2>nonan-3-one 113503-49-4 C12H12O2
    6,7,8,9-tetramethylidene-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.2>nonan-3-one
    —— Acetic acid 2-[2-(2-iodo-ethyl)-phenyl]-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl ester 112471-39-3 C15H17IO4
    Acetic acid 2-[2-(2-iodo-ethyl)-phenyl]-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl ester
    —— 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-xylono-1,5-lactone 118686-87-6 C8H14O5
    2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-xylono-1,5-lactone
    —— (4S,5S)-5-(4'-methyl-3'-pentenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one 356060-07-6 C11H18O3
    (4S,5S)-5-(4'-methyl-3'-pentenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-3-(4-oxopentylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 643754-14-7 C9H12O3
    (E)-3-(4-oxopentylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-7a-[(1S,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl]-3a-methyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one 1432904-78-3 C15H22O3
    (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-7a-[(1S,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl]-3a-methyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one
    —— (3aS,4aR,5R,7aR,9aR)-5-Hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3a,4,4a,5,6,7,7a,9a-octahydro-3H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one 76156-93-9 C14H20O3
    (3aS,4aR,5R,7aR,9aR)-5-Hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3a,4,4a,5,6,7,7a,9a-octahydro-3H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 3aα,4,4a,5,6,7,7aα,8,9,9aα-decahydro-5β-hydroxy-4aβ,8α-dimethylazuleno<6,5-b>furan-2(3H)-one 76156-91-7 C14H22O3
    3aα,4,4a,5,6,7,7aα,8,9,9aα-decahydro-5β-hydroxy-4aβ,8α-dimethylazuleno<6,5-b>furan-2(3H)-one
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-[3-(diethylamino)-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropionyloxy]-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 109233-91-2 C28H43NO6
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-[3-(diethylamino)-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropionyloxy]-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-<1-methyl-1-(phenylseleno)ethyl>tetrahydrofuran-2-one 112238-66-1 C13H16O2Se
    5-<1-methyl-1-(phenylseleno)ethyl>tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxybutyryloxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 107998-26-5 C25H38O6
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxybutyryloxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-oxabicyclo<5.3.0>decan-1-one 911795-26-1 C9H14O2
    2-oxabicyclo<5.3.0>decan-1-one
    —— [(3aR,4R,9aS,9bR)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (2R,3R)-2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate 116258-23-2 C20H22O6
    [(3aR,4R,9aS,9bR)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (2R,3R)-2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate
    —— (oxo-2 tetrahydrofurfuryl-5)-2 acetate de methyle 13042-03-0 C7H10O4
    (oxo-2 tetrahydrofurfuryl-5)-2 acetate de methyle
    —— (+/-)-1,5,5-trimethyl-4-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>octane-3,7-dione 73671-78-0 C10H14O3
    (+/-)-1,5,5-trimethyl-4-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>octane-3,7-dione
    —— 4-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1159919-05-7 C12H21BO4
    4-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6-benzyl-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 959015-82-8 C13H16O2
    6-benzyl-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one