内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4aH-cyclopenta[b]pyran-4-one | 75733-10-7 | C11H8F8O2 |
| —— | rac-(1R,2R,3aS,5aR,5'R,8aR)-2-(tert-butyl)-5a-hydroxy-5'-methoxy-3,3a,4',5a,5',6-hexahydro-2H,2'H,5H-spiro[dicyclopenta[b,c]furan-1,3'-furan]-5-one | 112532-73-7 | C18H26O5 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one | 38136-34-4 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 5-(2-tetrahydro[2]furyl-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 102540-67-0 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | α-Cyclohexylmethyl-butyrolacton | 40541-44-4 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (Z)-dihydro-3-carbomethoxymethylene-4,5,5-trimethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 72163-21-4 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | methyl (3S,4R,5R)-3-methoxycarbonylamino-5-methyl-5-pentanolide-4-carboxylate | 111197-23-0 | C10H15NO6 |
| —— | 4-propylthio-5-prophylthiomethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 96494-08-5 | C11H20O2S2 |
| —— | 5-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-5-chloropentyl)-δ-valerolactone | 1105107-71-8 | C10H9ClF8O2 |
| —— | β-Propyliden-γ-butyrolacton | 137669-50-2 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | (5-benzyl-2-oxotetrahydropyran-3-yl)phosphonic acid diethyl ester | 671247-46-4 | C16H23O5P |
| —— | 6-Oxa-pregnadien-(2,4)-dion-(7,20) | 99710-13-1 | C20H26O3 |
| —— | 3-Acetyl-5-butylsulfanylmethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 139022-69-8 | C11H18O3S |
| —— | (Z)-3-(phenylprop-2-ynyl)-5-phenylmethylidene-γ-butyrolactone | 77670-54-3 | C20H16O2 |
| —— | 3-hexyl-3-methyloxan-2-one | 83558-43-4 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | (3R,3aR,6aR)-3-Butyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 143741-39-3 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 5-Isopropyl-3-methyl-4-methylene-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile | 57735-34-9 | C10H13NO2 |
| —— | 1-((3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((1H-imidazole-1-carbonothioyl)oxy)-2-oxohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl)-4,4-difluorooctan-3-yl acetate | 1421691-01-1 | C21H28F2N2O5S |
| —— | 7a-(furan-2-yl)-6-methyl-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-methanobenzofuran-2(6H)-one | 1627214-48-5 | C14H14O3 |
| —— | 3-hydroxymethylene-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta<b>furan-2-one sodium salt | 58089-85-3 | C8H7O3*Na |
| —— | 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 30410-89-0 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 515868-88-9 | C20H42O4Si2 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-5-(S)-4,5-Dihydro-isoxazol-5-yl-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 104048-55-7 | C7H9NO4 |
| —— | 1-acetyl-6-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 1392848-45-1 | C13H12O3 |
| —— | (3aS,7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-7a-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)-3a,7-dihydro-3H-2-benzofuran-1,4-dione | 1196864-74-0 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | 5-[[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]oxolane-2,4-dione | 948891-77-8 | C21H24O4Si |
| —— | (3aS,5S,8R,8aR)-5-Methyl-8-phenylselanyl-3,3a,4,5,8,8a-hexahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 91604-64-7 | C16H18O2Se |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-cyclobutane-1<i>r</i>,3<i>c</i>-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 28587-79-3 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | 11β-Hydroxy-3-aethylendioxy-20-oxo-Δ<sup>5</sup>-pregnen-saeure-(19)-lacton | 102399-45-1 | C23H30O5 |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-pentyloxan-2-one | 83558-42-3 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | 4β-Hydroxymethyl-4α-methyl-3-oxo-10β-decalin-9β-carbonsaeure-lacton | 96435-50-6 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | 2-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-4-propoxymethylbutanolide | 945738-32-9 | C12H21BrO4 |
| —— | (1R,2S,3'aS,6S,9S,9'aR,9'bS,12S)-9-hydroxy-3',5,9',15-tetramethylidenespiro[3-oxatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,6.013,16]hexadec-13(16)-ene-12,6'-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan]-2',4,8',14-tetrone | 1390642-54-2 | C30H28O7 |
| —— | 3-methylene-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]furan-2-one | 58368-18-6 | C8H8O2 |
| —— | (3S,3aR,7S,7aR)-3-[(1S)-1-methylprop-2-en-1-yl]-7-(trimethylsilyl)-4-vinyl-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-2(3H)-one | 880145-36-8 | C17H26O2Si |
| —— | Dihydro-furan-2-one; compound with GENERIC INORGANIC NEUTRAL COMPONENT | 97070-99-0 | C4H6O2*ClI |
| —— | 1-amino-5-(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2-one hydrochloride | 1522098-69-6 | C7H10ClNO2*ClH |
| —— | 134922-57-9 | C20H38O4Si | |
| —— | 3-oxaspiro[5.7]tridecan-2-one | 518284-76-9 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-4-((3R,4S)-3-tert-Butoxy-4-fluoro-oct-1-ynyl)-5-hydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 63115-29-7 | C19H29FO4 |
| —— | (5S,6R)-(+)-5-methyl-5-propyl-6-ethyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 139027-65-9 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | (S)-(-)-3-<(2-Methoxyethoxy)methoxy>-2-oxolanone | 130626-32-3 | C8H14O5 |
| —— | 6,6-dimethyl-3-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 33158-89-3 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-5-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3-isopropenyl-3,4-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 155224-32-1 | C17H32O3Si |
| —— | 3-Ethoxycarbonyl-3-fluoro-5-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 135119-70-9 | C8H11FO5 |
| —— | 2-hexyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 20597-51-7 | C13H22O4 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-2,4-diethyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-benzoesaeure-lacton | 2206-67-9 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 4-(10-Isocyanatodecyliden)-3-(9-isocyanatononyl)-2-oxetanon | 59513-78-9 | C24H38N2O4 |
| —— | Anhydrocneorin C<sub>II,B</sub> | 88819-49-2 | C25H22O5 |
| —— | 3-(hydroxymethylene)-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone sodium salt | 53761-32-3 | C6H7O3*Na |
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