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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5R)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1,2,2-trihydroxyethyl]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H8O7
    (5R)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1,2,2-trihydroxyethyl]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— Ethyl 3-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)-2-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfinylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C18H18O8S2
    Ethyl 3-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)-2-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfinylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(propan-2-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C13H21NO3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(propan-2-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (5R)-5-methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C11H10O3
    (5R)-5-methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 3,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;propane —— C10H18O2
    3,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;propane
    —— 3,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;butane —— C11H20O2
    3,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;butane
    —— (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4-dimethylpentanoate —— C23H38O4
    (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4-dimethylpentanoate
    —— (1S,6R,10R)-6-methyl-4-oxabicyclo[8.4.1]pentadecan-3-one —— C15H26O2
    (1S,6R,10R)-6-methyl-4-oxabicyclo[8.4.1]pentadecan-3-one
    —— 6-[(2R)-2-[(1R,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one —— C20H29BrO2
    6-[(2R)-2-[(1R,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C21H31BrO2
    (5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 2-[2-(3,7-Dioxononyl)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetic acid —— C16H24O7
    2-[2-(3,7-Dioxononyl)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetic acid
    —— 3,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;ethane —— C11H22O2
    3,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;ethane
    —— (4-Methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-yl) 2-tert-butyl-3,3-dimethylbutanoate —— C19H32O4
    (4-Methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-yl) 2-tert-butyl-3,3-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-tritiooxan-2-one —— C6H10O4
    3,4-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-tritiooxan-2-one
    —— 3-(2-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl)-3-ethyloxolan-2-one —— C13H18O2
    3-(2-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl)-3-ethyloxolan-2-one
    —— N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H20ClNO3
    N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-(tert-butyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxamide —— C11H19NO3
    N-(tert-butyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxamide
    —— (4R,7aS)-6-hydroxy-4-(phenylmethoxyamino)-3,4,6,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2,7-dione —— C15H15NO5
    (4R,7aS)-6-hydroxy-4-(phenylmethoxyamino)-3,4,6,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2,7-dione
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H22O4
    3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— 5,5,6,6-Tetramethyl-3-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C15H15Cl3O3
    5,5,6,6-Tetramethyl-3-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (10R,14S,15S,16S)-10,14-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-4-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',7-dione —— C24H30O3
    (10R,14S,15S,16S)-10,14-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-4-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',7-dione
    —— (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C7H9NO7
    (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— 6-Ethyl-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    6-Ethyl-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 6-Propan-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C9H14O2
    6-Propan-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxepan-2-one —— C6H10O6
    (3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxepan-2-one
    —— 6-(Dihydroxymethyl)-4-methyloxan-2-one —— C7H12O4
    6-(Dihydroxymethyl)-4-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C12H16F3NO3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-3-[2-(5-sulfanyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H15N3O2S
    5,5-dimethyl-3-[2-(5-sulfanyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-[2-Methyl-6-[5-methyl-5-(oxetan-2-yl)hexyl]sulfanylhexan-2-yl]oxetan-2-one —— C20H36O3S
    4-[2-Methyl-6-[5-methyl-5-(oxetan-2-yl)hexyl]sulfanylhexan-2-yl]oxetan-2-one
    —— [(5S,6S,7S,8R,13S,14R,15S)-8,14-dihydroxy-19-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl)-5,7,13,15-tetramethylnonadeca-1,3,11,16-tetraen-6-yl] carbamate —— C31H51NO7
    [(5S,6S,7S,8R,13S,14R,15S)-8,14-dihydroxy-19-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl)-5,7,13,15-tetramethylnonadeca-1,3,11,16-tetraen-6-yl] carbamate
    —— 1-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4,7-dione —— C8H10O5
    1-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4,7-dione
    —— (15R)-2,16-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.01,18.02,7.08,10.012,16]nonadec-7-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',5-dione —— C24H30O3
    (15R)-2,16-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.01,18.02,7.08,10.012,16]nonadec-7-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',5-dione
    —— (5R)-6-[(1S)-1-methoxyprop-2-enyl]-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C11H18O3
    (5R)-6-[(1S)-1-methoxyprop-2-enyl]-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— N-cyclohexyl-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carboxamide —— C17H21NO3
    N-cyclohexyl-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3S)-4-(2-cyclopentylethylidene)-3-(cyclopentylmethyl)oxetan-2-one —— C16H24O2
    (3S)-4-(2-cyclopentylethylidene)-3-(cyclopentylmethyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (5R,6S)-5-methyl-6-pentyloxan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    (5R,6S)-5-methyl-6-pentyloxan-2-one
    —— 5,5-diethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-(2-pyridyl)tetrahydropyran-2,4-one —— C16H21NO3
    5,5-diethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-(2-pyridyl)tetrahydropyran-2,4-one
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-1-(2-thienyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C16H20O3S
    4,4-Dimethyl-1-(2-thienyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— Ethyl 2-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfanylmethyl)-3-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfonyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C18H18O9S2
    Ethyl 2-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfanylmethyl)-3-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfonyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-[(3S)-3-methylhept-6-enyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H22O2
    (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-[(3S)-3-methylhept-6-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H20ClFO3
    3-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-1-(pentafluorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C18H17F5O3
    4,4-Dimethyl-1-(pentafluorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— 8-(2-Furyl)-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dione —— C15H18O4
    8-(2-Furyl)-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dione
    —— 5,5-diethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-(2-thienyl)tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione —— C15H20O3S
    5,5-diethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-(2-thienyl)tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(tetrahydro-2-furanylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H23NO4
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(tetrahydro-2-furanylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 2,3,5-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-D-arabinonic acid γ-lactone 32384-55-7 C14H32O5Si3
    2,3,5-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-D-arabinonic acid γ-lactone
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H20N2O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate —— C24H40O4
    (3,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate
    —— 4-Ethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C9H14O5
    4-Ethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (4R,6S)-6-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-enyl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C11H18O3
    (4R,6S)-6-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-enyl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one