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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2R,4S,5S,7S,9S,13S,14S)-7-methyl-12-methylidene-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadec-1(17)-ene-11,16-dione —— C15H14O6
    (2R,4S,5S,7S,9S,13S,14S)-7-methyl-12-methylidene-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadec-1(17)-ene-11,16-dione
    —— Acetic acid 10a,12a-dimethyl-7-oxo-hexadecahydro-8-oxa-cyclohepta[a]cyclopenta[f]naphthalen-1-yl ester —— C21H32O4
    Acetic acid 10a,12a-dimethyl-7-oxo-hexadecahydro-8-oxa-cyclohepta[a]cyclopenta[f]naphthalen-1-yl ester
    —— (1S,2R,5S,6R,7R)-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C10H9Cl3O3
    (1S,2R,5S,6R,7R)-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— 1-(2-Oxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethyl adamantane-1-carboxylate —— C17H22O4
    1-(2-Oxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethyl adamantane-1-carboxylate
    —— (3S)-3-[(2R)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (3S)-3-[(2R)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(2S)-2,6-dimethylheptyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H24O2
    (5S)-5-[(2S)-2,6-dimethylheptyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-[(2S)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (3R)-3-[(2S)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-methyl-4-[(1S)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]oxan-2-one —— C15H24O2
    (4R,6R)-6-methyl-4-[(1S)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— (4S,6R)-6-methyl-4-[(1S)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]oxan-2-one —— C15H24O2
    (4S,6R)-6-methyl-4-[(1S)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(2S)-2,6-dimethylheptyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H24O2
    (5R)-5-[(2S)-2,6-dimethylheptyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,6S)-6-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)oxan-2-one —— C15H24O2
    (4R,6S)-6-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)oxan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)oxan-2-one —— C15H24O2
    (4R,6R)-6-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)oxan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(2R)-2,6-dimethylheptyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H24O2
    (5R)-5-[(2R)-2,6-dimethylheptyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-[(2S)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (3S)-3-[(2S)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-5-phenethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C13H16O2
    5-methyl-5-phenethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-butyl-3-chlorooxolan-2-one —— C8H13ClO2
    (3S,5S)-5-butyl-3-chlorooxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H13ClO2
    (3S,5R)-3-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-3,3-dichloro-5-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C11H10Cl2O2
    (5R)-3,3-dichloro-5-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-5-methyl-5-phenethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C13H16O2
    (R)-5-methyl-5-phenethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5S)-3,3-dichloro-5-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C11H10Cl2O2
    (5S)-3,3-dichloro-5-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H13ClO2
    (3R,5R)-3-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H22O2
    (5S)-5-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(2S)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H22O2
    (5S)-5-[(2S)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(2S)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H22O2
    (5R)-5-[(2S)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-3,3-dichloro-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C10H8Cl2O2
    (5S)-3,3-dichloro-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-chloro-5-hexyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H19ClO2
    (3S,5S)-3-chloro-5-hexyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-chloro-5-hexyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H19ClO2
    (3R,5S)-3-chloro-5-hexyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-3,3-dichloro-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C10H8Cl2O2
    (5R)-3,3-dichloro-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-3,3-dichloro-5-hexyloxolan-2-one —— C10H16Cl2O2
    (5R)-3,3-dichloro-5-hexyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-iodooxolan-2-one —— C4H5IO2
    (3S)-3-iodooxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-butyl-3,3-dichlorooxolan-2-one —— C8H12Cl2O2
    (5S)-5-butyl-3,3-dichlorooxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-3,3-dichloro-5-hexyloxolan-2-one —— C10H16Cl2O2
    (5S)-3,3-dichloro-5-hexyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-3,3-dichloro-5-ethyloxolan-2-one —— C6H8Cl2O2
    (5R)-3,3-dichloro-5-ethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-butyl-3,3-dichlorooxolan-2-one —— C8H12Cl2O2
    (5R)-5-butyl-3,3-dichlorooxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-3,3-dichloro-5-ethyloxolan-2-one —— C6H8Cl2O2
    (5S)-3,3-dichloro-5-ethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-3-[1-(prop-2-enylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H13NO3
    5-methyl-3-[1-(prop-2-enylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 3a-methyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    3a-methyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-3-[1-(propan-2-ylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H15NO3
    5-methyl-3-[1-(propan-2-ylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 5'-(Oxiran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-ene]-3'-one —— C13H16O5
    5'-(Oxiran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-ene]-3'-one
    —— (1S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C9H14O2
    (1S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (3S)-3-ethanethioyloxolan-2-one —— C6H8O2S
    (3S)-3-ethanethioyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,6R)-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-8-one —— C8H8O2
    (1S,6R)-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-8-one
    —— (3S)-3-(2-bromoethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H9BrO2
    (3S)-3-(2-bromoethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-4,4-dimethyl-3-[(Z)-prop-1-enyl]-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C15H22O3
    (3S)-4,4-dimethyl-3-[(Z)-prop-1-enyl]-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— (3R)-4,4-dimethyl-3-[(Z)-prop-1-enyl]-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C15H22O3
    (3R)-4,4-dimethyl-3-[(Z)-prop-1-enyl]-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— (3Z)-3-[[(5R)-5-(2-methylpropoxy)-4,5-dihydrotriazol-1-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C11H17N3O3
    (3Z)-3-[[(5R)-5-(2-methylpropoxy)-4,5-dihydrotriazol-1-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-[[(5S)-5-(2-methylpropoxy)-4,5-dihydrotriazol-1-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C11H17N3O3
    (3Z)-3-[[(5S)-5-(2-methylpropoxy)-4,5-dihydrotriazol-1-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    (3S,5S)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,1aS,3aR,7aR)-1-ethyl-1-methyl-1a,3a,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c][2]benzofuran-3-one —— C12H16O2
    (1S,1aS,3aR,7aR)-1-ethyl-1-methyl-1a,3a,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c][2]benzofuran-3-one
    —— (6R)-6-methyl-1-oxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyridine-5-carbaldehyde —— C10H11NO3
    (6R)-6-methyl-1-oxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyridine-5-carbaldehyde