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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1S,5R)-4-Methylene-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one —— C9H12O2
    (1S,5R)-4-Methylene-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (3aS,4R,6aR)-4-hydroxy-3-methylidene-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C8H10O3
    (3aS,4R,6aR)-4-hydroxy-3-methylidene-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aS,5aS,9aR,9bS)-5a-ethyl-3,9-dimethylidene-3a,4,5,6,9a,9b-hexahydrofuro[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione —— C15H18O4
    (3aS,5aS,9aR,9bS)-5a-ethyl-3,9-dimethylidene-3a,4,5,6,9a,9b-hexahydrofuro[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione
    —— (4aR,5R,6R,7aS)-6-hydroxy-5-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-enyl]-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one —— C17H28O4
    (4aR,5R,6R,7aS)-6-hydroxy-5-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-enyl]-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— (1S,2S,3R,7R,9R,10S)-6-methylidene-4-oxatetracyclo[8.2.1.02,9.03,7]tridec-11-en-5-one —— C13H14O2
    (1S,2S,3R,7R,9R,10S)-6-methylidene-4-oxatetracyclo[8.2.1.02,9.03,7]tridec-11-en-5-one
    —— (3Z)-3-(1-hydroxy-8-methylnonylidene)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C14H22O4
    (3Z)-3-(1-hydroxy-8-methylnonylidene)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3Z)-3-[(Z)-1-hydroxydodec-5-enylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C16H24O4
    (3Z)-3-[(Z)-1-hydroxydodec-5-enylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3Z)-3-(1-hydroxy-3-oxododecylidene)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C16H24O5
    (3Z)-3-(1-hydroxy-3-oxododecylidene)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3Z)-3-[(E)-1-hydroxydec-4-enylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C14H20O4
    (3Z)-3-[(E)-1-hydroxydec-4-enylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3Z)-3-(1-hydroxy-3-oxohexylidene)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H12O5
    (3Z)-3-(1-hydroxy-3-oxohexylidene)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3Z)-3-(1-hydroxyhexylidene)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H14O4
    (3Z)-3-(1-hydroxyhexylidene)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— [(1S,2R,7S,8S)-9,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[5.5.0.02,8]dodecan-1-yl]methyl acetate —— C17H24O4
    [(1S,2R,7S,8S)-9,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[5.5.0.02,8]dodecan-1-yl]methyl acetate
    —— (1R,2S,3R,6S,7R,8S,9S)-2,6,8-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-11-methylidene-9-pentan-2-yloxy-4,13-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.03,5]tridecan-12-one —— C19H30O7
    (1R,2S,3R,6S,7R,8S,9S)-2,6,8-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-11-methylidene-9-pentan-2-yloxy-4,13-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.03,5]tridecan-12-one
    —— [(4R,5S,5aS,6R,7R,9aR)-5-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,5a,6,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3H-benzo[b]oxepine-7,2'-oxirane]-6-yl]methyl acetate —— C22H30O6
    [(4R,5S,5aS,6R,7R,9aR)-5-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,5a,6,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3H-benzo[b]oxepine-7,2'-oxirane]-6-yl]methyl acetate
    —— (5'S,6R,9R,10S)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-6-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-8(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    (5'S,6R,9R,10S)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-6-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-8(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— (1R,2R,3R,6R,7S)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-3,6,7-trimethylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecane-2,3'-oxolane]-2',8-dione —— C20H24O5
    (1R,2R,3R,6R,7S)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-3,6,7-trimethylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecane-2,3'-oxolane]-2',8-dione
    —— 2-[(5S,6R)-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-6-yl]acetic acid —— C11H16O4
    2-[(5S,6R)-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-6-yl]acetic acid
    —— (1R,5S,5'S,6S,9R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-4-methylidenespiro[10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecane-5,3'-oxolane]-2',11-dione —— C19H20O5
    (1R,5S,5'S,6S,9R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-4-methylidenespiro[10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecane-5,3'-oxolane]-2',11-dione
    —— (1R,4R,5S,9R,12S,13S)-4,13-dihydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-11,14,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,5.08,12]hexadecan-10-one —— C15H22O6
    (1R,4R,5S,9R,12S,13S)-4,13-dihydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-11,14,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,5.08,12]hexadecan-10-one
    —— (4aR,7S)-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid —— C15H16O5
    (4aR,7S)-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate —— C6H7O7-
    2-[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— (1R,4aR)-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4a,6a,7,9-tetrahydro-4H-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylate —— C15H17O5-
    (1R,4aR)-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4a,6a,7,9-tetrahydro-4H-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4aR)-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4a,6a,7,9-tetrahydro-4H-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid —— C15H18O5
    (1R,4aR)-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4a,6a,7,9-tetrahydro-4H-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid
    —— Neopentalenoketolactone —— C15H17O5-
    Neopentalenoketolactone
    —— (1R,8R)-3,3-dimethyl-10,13-dioxo-11-oxatricyclo[6.5.0.01,5]tridec-6-ene-7-carboxylic acid —— C15H18O5
    (1R,8R)-3,3-dimethyl-10,13-dioxo-11-oxatricyclo[6.5.0.01,5]tridec-6-ene-7-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,4S,6aR)-3,4,5-tris(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C10H14O5
    (3R,4S,6aR)-3,4,5-tris(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (2R,3S)-4-methylidene-2-octyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid;(2S,3R)-4-methylidene-2-octyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C28H44O8
    (2R,3S)-4-methylidene-2-octyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid;(2S,3R)-4-methylidene-2-octyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 10-Methylsulfanyl-8,19-dioxaoctacyclo[10.10.0.02,10.03,7.04,22.011,15.013,21.014,18]docosane-9,20-dione —— C21H24O4S
    10-Methylsulfanyl-8,19-dioxaoctacyclo[10.10.0.02,10.03,7.04,22.011,15.013,21.014,18]docosane-9,20-dione
    —— (3AR,4R,6AS)-4-(Dimethoxymethyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[B]furan-2-one —— C10H16O4
    (3AR,4R,6AS)-4-(Dimethoxymethyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[B]furan-2-one
    —— 3-Oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradeca-8,12-diene-2,4-dione —— C13H14O3
    3-Oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradeca-8,12-diene-2,4-dione
    —— (2AS,3S,3AR,5AS,6AS,6BS,6CS)-2-Oxo-2A,3,3A,5A,6,6A,6B,6C-octahydro-2H-cyclopenta[3,4]pentaleno[1,6-BC]furan-3-carboxylic acid —— C12H12O4
    (2AS,3S,3AR,5AS,6AS,6BS,6CS)-2-Oxo-2A,3,3A,5A,6,6A,6B,6C-octahydro-2H-cyclopenta[3,4]pentaleno[1,6-BC]furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-Oxo-5-oxatetracyclo[8.2.2.02,6.02,9]tetradeca-7,13-diene-11,11,12,12-tetracarbonitrile —— C17H10N4O2
    4-Oxo-5-oxatetracyclo[8.2.2.02,6.02,9]tetradeca-7,13-diene-11,11,12,12-tetracarbonitrile
    —— 8-Oxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,6.03,10]dodeca-4,11-dien-9-one 28612-79-5 C11H10O2
    8-Oxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,6.03,10]dodeca-4,11-dien-9-one
    —— 6-Oxatetracyclo[6.4.0.02,12.05,9]dodeca-3,10-dien-7-one —— C11H10O2
    6-Oxatetracyclo[6.4.0.02,12.05,9]dodeca-3,10-dien-7-one
    —— Methyl (3S)-2-oxo-2A,3,3A,5A,6,6A,6B,6C-octahydro-2H-cyclopenta[3,4]pentaleno[1,6-BC]furan-3-carboxylate —— C13H14O4
    Methyl (3S)-2-oxo-2A,3,3A,5A,6,6A,6B,6C-octahydro-2H-cyclopenta[3,4]pentaleno[1,6-BC]furan-3-carboxylate
    —— (1S,2R,3S,6S,7R,9R)-1,2,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2,5,5,9-tetramethyl-10-oxatricyclo[7.3.0.03,6]dodecan-11-one —— C15H24O6
    (1S,2R,3S,6S,7R,9R)-1,2,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2,5,5,9-tetramethyl-10-oxatricyclo[7.3.0.03,6]dodecan-11-one
    —— 2-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid;2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C16H24O8
    2-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid;2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— 2-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid;2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid;dihydrate —— C16H28O10
    2-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid;2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid;dihydrate
    —— 2-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid;hydrate —— C8H14O5
    2-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid;hydrate
    —— 2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid;hydrate —— C8H14O5
    2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid;hydrate
    —— (1R,2R,6E,8Z)-7-methyl-3-methylidene-5,13-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradeca-6,8,10-triene-4,12-dione —— C14H12O4
    (1R,2R,6E,8Z)-7-methyl-3-methylidene-5,13-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradeca-6,8,10-triene-4,12-dione
    —— 2-[(Z)-but-2-enyl]-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one —— C11H14O2
    2-[(Z)-but-2-enyl]-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one
    —— (3S,7R,11R)-10,14-dimethyl-6-methylidene-4,12-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.03,7]tetradec-1(14)-ene-5,13-dione —— C15H18O4
    (3S,7R,11R)-10,14-dimethyl-6-methylidene-4,12-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.03,7]tetradec-1(14)-ene-5,13-dione
    —— 4-(3-chloro-acetonyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C7H9ClO3
    4-(3-chloro-acetonyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (2Z)-2-(phosphanylmethylidene)-1,3-oxaphosphol-5-one —— C4H4O2P2
    (2Z)-2-(phosphanylmethylidene)-1,3-oxaphosphol-5-one
    —— Butanoic acid,2-ethyl-2-methyl-,1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthalenylester,[1s-[1a,3a,7b,8b(2s*,4s*),8ab]]-(9ci) —— C26H40O5
    Butanoic acid,2-ethyl-2-methyl-,1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthalenylester,[1s-[1a,3a,7b,8b(2s*,4s*),8ab]]-(9ci)
    —— (3E)-3-undecan-5-ylideneoxolan-2-one —— C15H26O2
    (3E)-3-undecan-5-ylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (Butylstannylidyne)tris(thio-2,1-ethanediyl)tridecanoate —— C23H44O2S3Sn
    (Butylstannylidyne)tris(thio-2,1-ethanediyl)tridecanoate
    —— (5S,8R,9R,14R)-10,10-dimethyl-3-oxatetracyclo[7.2.2.11,5.08,14]tetradecane-2,6-dione —— C15H20O3
    (5S,8R,9R,14R)-10,10-dimethyl-3-oxatetracyclo[7.2.2.11,5.08,14]tetradecane-2,6-dione
    —— (Methylstannylidyne)tris(thio-2,1-ethanediyl)tridecanoate —— C20H38O2S3Sn
    (Methylstannylidyne)tris(thio-2,1-ethanediyl)tridecanoate