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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-(2-imidazolidinylidene)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 89810-14-0 C8H12N2O2
    3-(2-imidazolidinylidene)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— α-fluoro-ε-caprolactone 1246391-91-2 C6H9FO2
    α-fluoro-ε-caprolactone
    —— ε-fluoro-ε-caprolactone 1246391-92-3 C6H9FO2
    ε-fluoro-ε-caprolactone
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-3-methylenetetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 66797-98-6 C8H12O2
    5,5-dimethyl-3-methylenetetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl)phosphonic acid diethyl ester 121726-72-5 C11H21O5P
    (5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl)phosphonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 5α,17β-dihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-9(11)-ene-7α,21-dicarboxylic acid bis-γ-lactone 610785-45-0 C23H28O5
    5α,17β-dihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-9(11)-ene-7α,21-dicarboxylic acid bis-γ-lactone
    —— cis-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one 360794-28-1 C6H8O2
    cis-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one
    —— cis-Cyclopentan-1,2-carbolacton 360794-29-2 C6H8O2
    cis-Cyclopentan-1,2-carbolacton
    —— 4-oxa-5-(N-methylcarbamoyloxy)-tricyclo[5,2,1,02,6] dec-8-en-3-one 56232-20-3 C11H13NO4
    4-oxa-5-(N-methylcarbamoyloxy)-tricyclo[5,2,1,02,6] dec-8-en-3-one
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-acetyl-5-(2-thienyl)-, (E)- 88221-02-7 C10H10O3S
    2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-acetyl-5-(2-thienyl)-, (E)-
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-acetyl-5-cyclohexyl-, (E)- 88221-04-9 C12H18O3
    2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-acetyl-5-cyclohexyl-, (E)-
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-acetyl-5-(2-furyl)-, (E)- 88221-03-8 C10H10O4
    2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-acetyl-5-(2-furyl)-, (E)-
    —— (1R,5R,8R)-8-Hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one 261630-98-2 C7H8O3
    (1R,5R,8R)-8-Hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one
    —— (R)-5-(1-bromovinyl)-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1628563-45-0 C8H11BrO2
    (R)-5-(1-bromovinyl)-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-(1',2'-dimethylpropylidene)-1-oxa-spiro[4,5]decane-2,4-dione 359845-33-3 C14H20O3
    3-(1',2'-dimethylpropylidene)-1-oxa-spiro[4,5]decane-2,4-dione
    —— (4aR,8aS)-Hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one 250226-92-7 C8H12O3
    (4aR,8aS)-Hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one
    —— 8-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-1,6,7-trioxaspirotricyclo[2.4.0.5]tetradecan-2-one 391624-10-5 C14H20O5
    8-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-1,6,7-trioxaspirotricyclo[2.4.0.5]tetradecan-2-one
    —— (2R,4aR,9aS)-4a-Methyl-2-phenyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-trioxa-benzocyclohepten-6-one 370884-48-3 C15H18O4
    (2R,4aR,9aS)-4a-Methyl-2-phenyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-trioxa-benzocyclohepten-6-one
    —— (1R,7S,9R,10S)-10-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-9-[3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-10-methyl-2,8-dioxabicyclo[5.5.0]dodecan-3-one 1028432-77-0 C36H56O5Si2
    (1R,7S,9R,10S)-10-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-9-[3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-10-methyl-2,8-dioxabicyclo[5.5.0]dodecan-3-one
    —— (2R,4aR,9aS)-2-Phenyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-trioxa-benzocyclohepten-6-one 250226-97-2 C14H16O4
    (2R,4aR,9aS)-2-Phenyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-trioxa-benzocyclohepten-6-one
    —— (2R,3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-(2-hydroxy-hex-5-enyl)-oxetan-2-one 1151391-89-7 C15H26O3
    (2R,3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-(2-hydroxy-hex-5-enyl)-oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-((R)-2-hydroxypropyl)oxetan-2-one 1151392-03-8 C12H22O3
    (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-((R)-2-hydroxypropyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (4S,6S)-6-(chloromethyl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one 135999-59-6 C6H9ClO3
    (4S,6S)-6-(chloromethyl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— dihydro-5-(4-iodobutyl)-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone 113274-33-2 C14H17IO2
    dihydro-5-(4-iodobutyl)-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3aS,9aR,9bR)-6,9a-dimethylspiro[3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[8,7-b]furan-3,1'-cyclopropane]-2,9-dione 162754-83-8 C16H18O3
    (3aS,9aR,9bR)-6,9a-dimethylspiro[3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[8,7-b]furan-3,1'-cyclopropane]-2,9-dione
    —— α-methoxy-δ-valerolactone 129917-75-5 C6H10O3
    α-methoxy-δ-valerolactone
    —— (7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-4-yl) acetate 83693-65-6 C9H10O4
    (7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-4-yl) acetate
    —— (-)-Echinosporin 79127-35-8 C10H9NO5
    (-)-Echinosporin
    —— (4S,5S,6R)-7,7-Dimethoxy-4,6-dimethylheptan-5-olide 132125-11-2 C11H20O4
    (4S,5S,6R)-7,7-Dimethoxy-4,6-dimethylheptan-5-olide
    —— 4-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 90435-10-2 C8H12O2
    4-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one 122427-34-3 C9H14O2
    4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one
    —— (5Z,8S,9E,11S,12R,14Z,17Z)-11,12-epoxyicosa-5,9,14,17-tetraen-8-olide 1229965-18-7 C20H28O3
    (5Z,8S,9E,11S,12R,14Z,17Z)-11,12-epoxyicosa-5,9,14,17-tetraen-8-olide
    —— (5Z,8S,9E,11R,12S,14Z,17Z)-11,12-epoxyicosa-5,9,14,17-tetraen-8-olide 1229964-81-1 C20H28O3
    (5Z,8S,9E,11R,12S,14Z,17Z)-11,12-epoxyicosa-5,9,14,17-tetraen-8-olide
    —— Topsentolide A1 886193-04-0 C20H28O3
    Topsentolide A1
    —— 3-(2'-methoxyethyl)-dihydro-2(3H)furanone 154391-22-7 C7H12O3
    3-(2'-methoxyethyl)-dihydro-2(3H)furanone
    —— cis-6a-methyl-3,3a,4-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta-[b]-furan-2-one 100948-63-8 C8H10O2
    cis-6a-methyl-3,3a,4-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta-[b]-furan-2-one
    —— (+)-Prelog-Djerassi lactonic acid 69056-12-8 C10H16O4
    (+)-Prelog-Djerassi lactonic acid
    —— 5-[5-(Bromomethyl)-5-ethenyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one 93060-16-3 C12H17BrO3
    5-[5-(Bromomethyl)-5-ethenyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4aR,7aR)-7a-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3,7-dione 1204521-54-9 C13H18O3
    (4aR,7aR)-7a-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3,7-dione
    —— (4R,5S)-4-Methyl-5-heptanolide 148262-43-5 C8H14O2
    (4R,5S)-4-Methyl-5-heptanolide
    —— (4S)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one 23517-96-6 C6H10O3
    (4S)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (5SR,6SR)-6-ethyl-tetrahydro-5-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 97189-73-6 C8H14O2
    (5SR,6SR)-6-ethyl-tetrahydro-5-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (5R,6R)-6-ethyl-5-methyloxan-2-one 145107-39-7 C8H14O2
    (5R,6R)-6-ethyl-5-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (2R,3R,4R)-2,3,4-trimethyl-5-methylidene-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylic acid 247017-07-8 C10H14O4
    (2R,3R,4R)-2,3,4-trimethyl-5-methylidene-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— methyl (2R,3R,4R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3,4-trimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate 1027179-13-0 C11H18O5
    methyl (2R,3R,4R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3,4-trimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl (2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4-trimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate 247017-04-5 C10H16O4
    methyl (2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4-trimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate
    —— Tetrahydro-2β-methyl-6-oxo-4β-amino-2H-pyran-3α-carboxylic acid hydrochloride 84016-91-1 C7H11NO4*ClH
    Tetrahydro-2β-methyl-6-oxo-4β-amino-2H-pyran-3α-carboxylic acid hydrochloride
    —— [2-benzylsulfanyl-1-(4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 906662-90-6 C19H27NO4S
    [2-benzylsulfanyl-1-(4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 2-<(methoxycarbonyl)methyl>-4-(2-phenylethyl)-γ-butyrolactone 110811-06-8 C15H18O4
    2-<(methoxycarbonyl)methyl>-4-(2-phenylethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3-Hydroxymethyl-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 72806-87-2 C6H10O3
    3-Hydroxymethyl-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one