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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— {4-[tert-Butoxycarbonyl-(2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-butyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 860495-53-0 C19H34N2O6
    {4-[tert-Butoxycarbonyl-(2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-butyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 5-butyl-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1228300-24-0 C14H18O2
    5-butyl-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-ethyl-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2(5H)-furanone 54491-13-3 C12H14O2
    5-ethyl-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2(5H)-furanone
    —— 3-phenyl-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 40923-67-9 C11H12O2
    3-phenyl-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 8-[(Trimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-1-one 1449662-40-1 C12H20O3Si
    8-[(Trimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-1-one
    —— 5-ethynyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1374751-21-9 C8H10O3
    5-ethynyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonyl chloride 502897-36-1 C11H15ClO3
    (1R,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (R)-((S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl) 4-methylcyclohex-3-ene carboxylate 1384122-49-9 C14H20O4
    (R)-((S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl) 4-methylcyclohex-3-ene carboxylate
    —— (1R,2S,6R,8S)-10,10-ditert-butyl-5,9,11-trioxa-10-silatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodecan-4-one 1354714-72-9 C16H28O4Si
    (1R,2S,6R,8S)-10,10-ditert-butyl-5,9,11-trioxa-10-silatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodecan-4-one
    —— (S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl acrylate 127604-93-7 C9H12O4
    (S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl acrylate
    —— (R)-2-<(S)-4-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxy>-3,3-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone 102096-63-9 C14H20O4
    (R)-2-<(S)-4-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxy>-3,3-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3-Ac-andrographolide 141973-44-6 C22H32O6
    3-Ac-andrographolide
    —— 19-Ac-andrographolide 141973-45-7 C22H32O6
    19-Ac-andrographolide
    —— sodium 17-hydro-9-dehydroandrographolide-3-ylsulfate 1443513-89-0 C20H29O8S*Na
    sodium 17-hydro-9-dehydroandrographolide-3-ylsulfate
    —— (S,E)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-((1S,2S,4aS,5R,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyloctahydro-1H-spiro [naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl)ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 774581-28-1 C20H30O6
    (S,E)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-((1S,2S,4aS,5R,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyloctahydro-1H-spiro [naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl)ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 19-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-andrographolide 1355018-55-1 C36H48O5Si
    19-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-andrographolide
    —— 19-O-triisopropylsilyl-andrographolide 1355018-53-9 C29H50O5Si
    19-O-triisopropylsilyl-andrographolide
    —— Andrographolid 5508-58-7 C20H30O5
    Andrographolid
    —— 19-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-andrographolide 1355018-49-3 C26H44O5Si
    19-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-andrographolide
    —— andrographolide —— C20H30O5
    andrographolide
    —— 14-Epiandrographolide 5508-58-7 C20H30O5
    14-Epiandrographolide
    —— andrographolide 5508-58-7 C20H30O5
    andrographolide
    —— (-)-7α-triethylsilyloxy-6β-(3-oxo-1E-octenyl)-cis-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one 128948-11-8 C21H36O4Si
    (-)-7α-triethylsilyloxy-6β-(3-oxo-1E-octenyl)-cis-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one
    —— 3α,5α-Dihydroxy-2β-(3'-oxo-trans-1'-octenyl)cyclopentane-1α-acetic acid γ-lactone 3-tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether 64072-25-9 C21H36O4Si
    3α,5α-Dihydroxy-2β-(3'-oxo-trans-1'-octenyl)cyclopentane-1α-acetic acid γ-lactone 3-tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether
    —— 7,7-dimethyl-2-oxa-3-oxobicyclo[4.1.1<sup>1.6</sup>]octane 141316-18-9 C9H14O2
    7,7-dimethyl-2-oxa-3-oxobicyclo[4.1.1<sup>1.6</sup>]octane
    —— 7,7-dimethyl-3-oxa-2-oxobicyclo[4.1.1<sup>1.6</sup>]octane 141316-19-0 C9H14O2
    7,7-dimethyl-3-oxa-2-oxobicyclo[4.1.1<sup>1.6</sup>]octane
    —— β-ethoxycarbonyl-γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 132949-19-0 C13H14O4
    β-ethoxycarbonyl-γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2,5-dibromo-2,5-dideoxy-D-xylono-1,4-lactone 78138-86-0 C5H6Br2O3
    2,5-dibromo-2,5-dideoxy-D-xylono-1,4-lactone
    —— 5-Chloro-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 36603-83-5 C4H5ClO2
    5-Chloro-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 2,3-dideoxy-L-arabino-heptono-1,4-lactone 57501-72-1 C7H12O5
    2,3-dideoxy-L-arabino-heptono-1,4-lactone
    —— octahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2(3H)-one 22334-95-8 C10H16O2
    octahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2(3H)-one
    —— (R)-4-bromomethyl-dihydrofuran-2-one 158568-17-3 C5H7BrO2
    (R)-4-bromomethyl-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 932739-30-5 C11H12O3
    (3R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— <1R-(1α,6α,7β)>-7-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one 145632-62-8 C12H12O2
    <1R-(1α,6α,7β)>-7-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 145285-58-1 C10H10O3
    (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5-phenyl-4-(phenylselanyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 154781-18-7 C16H14O2Se
    5-phenyl-4-(phenylselanyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C10H10O3
    dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1S,5S)-2-oxobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate 191281-12-6 C13H16O5
    [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1S,5S)-2-oxobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate
    —— 4-bromo-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 87629-98-9 C10H9BrO2
    4-bromo-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-methylthio-4-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 67532-31-4 C11H12O2S
    3-methylthio-4-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— Na-Salzes von Tetrahydro-2-oxofuran-3-carbaldehyd 51270-64-5 C5H5O3*Na
    Na-Salzes von Tetrahydro-2-oxofuran-3-carbaldehyd
    —— (4R*,5S *)-4-bromo-5-phenyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1548513-00-3 C10H9BrO2
    (4R*,5S *)-4-bromo-5-phenyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4(R)-azido-5(S)-<<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-3,4-dihydro-5H-furan-2-one 120624-94-4 C11H21N3O3Si
    4(R)-azido-5(S)-<<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-3,4-dihydro-5H-furan-2-one
    —— methyl 3,3a,4,4a-tetrahydro-3-oxo-1H-cyclopropa<c>furan-3a-carboxylate 13353-12-3 C7H8O4
    methyl 3,3a,4,4a-tetrahydro-3-oxo-1H-cyclopropa<c>furan-3a-carboxylate
    —— acetic acid 5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl ester 74106-34-6 C7H10O4
    acetic acid 5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl ester
    —— (3R,5S,6S)-6-{(1S)-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-methylethyl}-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 71828-89-2 C16H32O3Si
    (3R,5S,6S)-6-{(1S)-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-methylethyl}-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R,6S)-4-<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3-methoxy-6-(1'-methoxy-2'(S)-methylethyl)-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 162018-30-6 C17H34O5Si
    (3R,4S,5R,6S)-4-<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3-methoxy-6-(1'-methoxy-2'(S)-methylethyl)-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 6'beta-Hydroxy-Lovastatin 125638-71-3 C24H36O6
    6'beta-Hydroxy-Lovastatin
    —— (4R,6R)-6-[2-((1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-{([7-(allyloxy)-7-oxoheptyl]carbamoyl)oxy}-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthyl)ethyl]-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1431473-57-2 C36H59NO7Si
    (4R,6R)-6-[2-((1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-{([7-(allyloxy)-7-oxoheptyl]carbamoyl)oxy}-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthyl)ethyl]-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— NST-0060 1372860-67-7 C27H42O5
    NST-0060