内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (4R,6R,7S)-2-(2-cyclopropyl)ethyl-4,7-dihydroxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-4,6-carbolactone | 1233335-45-9 | C14H16O4S |
| —— | (4S,5R)-4-dimethyl(phenyl)silyl-5-pentyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1353637-85-0 | C17H26O2Si |
| —— | 1-oxo-6a-carbomethoxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta<c>furan | 86783-79-1 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | (3aS,4R,5R,6aS)-5-acetyl-4-phenyltetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-2(6aH)-one | 872056-86-5 | C14H14O4 |
| —— | 58648-44-5 | C13H18O4 | |
| —— | (5S,6R)-6-Bromo-5-hydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 56460-56-1 | C7H9BrO3 |
| —— | 3,6-Bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-L-mannono-1,4-lacton | 78283-79-1 | C18H38O6Si2 |
| —— | (3aR,7aS)-(+)-7a-benzyl-3a-hydroxytetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,5(3H,4H)-dione | 1236161-49-1 | C15H16O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-(4a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-octahydro-1<i>t</i>,5<i>t</i>-oxaethano-naphthalene-4,9-dione | 67820-43-3 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | (5E,12E,11S,14S)-11,14-di[(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]-1,10-dioxacyclotetradeca-5,12-diene-2,9-dione | 854545-74-7 | C26H48O6Si2 |
| —— | (2S)-2-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hex-1-ynyl-2H-furan-5-one | 1571081-78-1 | C17H28O3Si |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-1,3,3,4',4'-pentamethyl-5'-oxobicyclo<4.2.1>nonane-7-spiro-2'-(tetrahydrofuran)-6-carboxylic acid | 128064-28-8 | C18H28O5 |
| —— | 1-hexyl-5-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 1202873-37-7 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | 3-hexylidene-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 845297-30-5 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | methyl (1SR,2SR,9RS)-2-cyano-11,11-dimethyl-4-oxo-5-oxatricyclo<7.3.0.0<sup>3,7</sup>>dodec-3-ene-2-carboxylate | 79898-57-0 | C16H19NO4 |
| —— | (+)-3-(benzyloxymethoxymethyl)-4-butanolide | 113681-08-6 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | 4-acryloyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 1318651-99-8 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 2,3,13,14-tetracarbomethoxy-1,4,12,15-tetraoxacyclodocosane-5,11,15,22-tetraone | 102999-07-5 | C26H36O16 |
| —— | (3aS,7aS)-3,3-Dichloro-7a-phenylsulfanyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 80232-42-4 | C14H14Cl2O2S |
| —— | 3-Ethyl-3-methoxymethoxy-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione | 69687-38-3 | C12H18O5 |
| —— | (3aS,8aS)-3,3a,5-Trimethyl-3-phenylselanyl-3a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2,4-dione | 121878-58-8 | C18H20O3Se |
| —— | methyl (1R,3aR,4R,5S,7aS)-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-2-benzofuran-4-carboxylate | 158391-92-5 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5S)-1,4-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>-heptan-2-one | 113566-16-8 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | trans-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-tetrahydro-dihydro-2-furanone | 118544-83-5 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 3-(5-oxo-2-phenyl-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-propionic acid | 10524-20-6 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | (1S,2R)-1-phenyl-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic anhydride | 148261-93-2 | C11H8O3 |
| —— | (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-bromophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1300699-01-7 | C11H10Br2O2 |
| —— | 1304692-14-5 | C9H14O2 | |
| —— | 2,5-di-O-acetyl-2-bromo-2-deoxy-α-D-isosaccharino-1,4-lactone | 111507-10-9 | C10H13BrO6 |
| —— | (4aR,7aS)-Hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]pyran-3-one | 130001-38-6 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 5,5-difluoro-5,6-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,3(4H)-dione | 2680539-69-7 | C7H4F2O3 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3-Allyl-5-iodomethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 130684-41-2 | C8H11IO2 |
| —— | trans-2-benzyl-2-(2,2-bis(methylthio)ethyl)-3-methyl-5-pentanolide | 114199-58-5 | C17H24O2S2 |
| —— | 7a-(2-Bromo-allyl)-4-methoxy-5,7a-dihydro-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one | 130506-03-5 | C12H13BrO3 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R)-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1532540-48-9 | C8H11F3O3 |
| —— | cis-3-Ethoxymethylen-tetrahydrofuranon-(2) | 24349-79-9 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (Z)-4,5-dihydro-3-(1-hydroxypropan-2-ylidene)furan-2(3H)-one | 1140920-02-0 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 60958-89-6 | C7H10O5 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-Decyl-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 62107-53-3 | C14H26O3 |
| —— | trans-3-arachidonyl-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 125757-26-8 | C31H52O4Si |
| —— | (4aS,8aR)-8a-(2-Phenylselanyl-ethyl)-octahydro-isochromen-3-one | 58240-89-4 | C17H22O2Se |
| —— | 5-<(ethylthio)methyl>-3-cyano-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 139022-74-5 | C8H11NO2S |
| —— | trans-2-allyl-2-(2,2-bis(methylthio)ethyl)-3-methyl-5-pentanolide | 114199-57-4 | C13H22O2S2 |
| —— | 2,3,6-Tri-O-methyl-D-mannono-1,4-lacton | 113625-85-7 | C9H16O6 |
| —— | 3,3-Dinitro-γ-butyrolactone | 101988-03-8 | C4H4N2O6 |
| —— | (1R,9R,10S,11S)-10,11-diphenyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo[7.2.0]undecane-2,8-dione | 25804-58-4 | C21H20O4 |
| —— | (4-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[4.3.1]dec-8-ylidene)-malononitrile | 54839-05-3 | C12H12N2O2 |
| —— | 2-(5-oxo-4-oxa-5-homoadamantane-1-yl)oxymethoxy-2-oxoethyl methacrylate | 1338917-27-3 | C17H22O7 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-3-allyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1326453-80-8 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 4-ethyl-3-methyl-5,6-diphenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 861555-66-0 | C20H22O2 |
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