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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 12-Oxo-11-oxa<4.4.3>propellan 58564-79-7 C12H18O2
    12-Oxo-11-oxa<4.4.3>propellan
    —— Furan-2,3,4-(5H)trion 4374-59-8 C4H2O4
    Furan-2,3,4-(5H)trion
    —— 3-Methylen-7-oxo-1-oxa-spiro<4.5>-decan-2-on 97945-99-8 C10H12O3
    3-Methylen-7-oxo-1-oxa-spiro<4.5>-decan-2-on
    —— (1S,2R)-1-methyl-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic anhydride 148261-90-9 C6H6O3
    (1S,2R)-1-methyl-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic anhydride
    —— 6-methyloxocan-2-one 813433-30-6 C8H14O2
    6-methyloxocan-2-one
    —— (6R)-3-acetyl-4-ethyl-6-methyl-1-oxa-4lambda4-thiacyclohex-3-en-2-one 71254-57-4 C9H14O3S
    (6R)-3-acetyl-4-ethyl-6-methyl-1-oxa-4lambda4-thiacyclohex-3-en-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1R,2E)-1-hydroxy-3-(3-thienyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-3-methoxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 958489-17-3 C12H14O5S
    (3R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1R,2E)-1-hydroxy-3-(3-thienyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-3-methoxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-6-[(2R,5R,2'S,5'R)-5'-((R)-1-Hydroxy-but-3-enyl)-octahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-yl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 637004-18-3 C17H26O5
    (S)-6-[(2R,5R,2'S,5'R)-5'-((R)-1-Hydroxy-but-3-enyl)-octahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-yl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— Tecleanin 79203-38-6 C26H32O5
    Tecleanin
    —— 3-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimehtyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,5(6H)dione 1520094-36-3 C8H12O4
    3-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimehtyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,5(6H)dione
    —— (R)-4,5,5-trimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1610418-25-1 C7H12O2
    (R)-4,5,5-trimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5(2H)-oxo-2-pentyl-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate 1258168-24-9 C12H20O5
    methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5(2H)-oxo-2-pentyl-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— 6,12-Diphenyl-3,10-dioxadispiro[4.1.4^{7}.1^{5}]dodecane-4,11-dione 65652-25-7 C22H20O4
    6,12-Diphenyl-3,10-dioxadispiro[4.1.4^{7}.1^{5}]dodecane-4,11-dione
    —— (4S)-4-vinyltetrahydropyran-2-one 913617-92-2 C7H10O2
    (4S)-4-vinyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-Hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran 134639-11-5 C6H10O4
    (3R,5S)-3-Hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran
    —— 5-mesityldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 37014-90-7 C13H16O2
    5-mesityldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2R,5R,6S)-5-butyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one 405552-36-5 C13H18O2
    (2R,5R,6S)-5-butyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— Senecic acid lactone 28822-16-4 C10H14O4
    Senecic acid lactone
    —— 9,9-Dipropyl-3-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione 123018-69-9 C16H26O3
    9,9-Dipropyl-3-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxyl3-phenylpropanoyl)-4-methyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1287702-06-0 C16H18O5
    (3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxyl3-phenylpropanoyl)-4-methyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxyl3-phenylpropanoyl)-4-methyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1287702-00-4 C16H18O5
    (3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxyl3-phenylpropanoyl)-4-methyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R)-3-(3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl)-4-methyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1287701-99-8 C16H18O4
    (4R)-3-(3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl)-4-methyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (-)-1,10-didehydro-7-epi-9-oxo-bakkenolide A 322479-98-1 C15H18O3
    (-)-1,10-didehydro-7-epi-9-oxo-bakkenolide A
    —— dl-α,α'-dibromoglutaric anhydride 50901-11-6 C5H4Br2O3
    dl-α,α'-dibromoglutaric anhydride
    —— 2,4-diphenyl-glutaric acid-anhydride 412322-39-5 C17H14O3
    2,4-diphenyl-glutaric acid-anhydride
    —— 5-cyclopentyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 22117-96-0 C9H14O2
    5-cyclopentyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— herbidosporayilanensin H 145308-23-2 C6H10O3
    herbidosporayilanensin H
    —— 6-iodo-7-phenylbicyclo<3.1.1>heptane-6,7-carbolactone 152010-83-8 C14H13IO2
    6-iodo-7-phenylbicyclo<3.1.1>heptane-6,7-carbolactone
    —— 6-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-7-carboxylic acid 7507-46-2 C10H14O5
    6-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-7-carboxylic acid
    —— (4S,6R)-4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-6-<(1S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl>tetrahydropyran-2-one 119962-76-4 C17H30N2O6
    (4S,6R)-4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-6-<(1S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl>tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-ethylidenetetrahydropyran-2-one 103872-67-9 C7H10O2
    3-ethylidenetetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 8-Bromo-8-deoxy-D-erythro-L-galacto-octono-1,4-lactone 345341-22-2 C8H13BrO7
    8-Bromo-8-deoxy-D-erythro-L-galacto-octono-1,4-lactone
    —— δ-undecanolactone 137669-62-6 C14H26O2
    δ-undecanolactone
    —— 4-Decyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 147596-61-0 C15H26O4
    4-Decyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-carbonyl-4-benzyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 96540-42-0 C12H12O4
    3-carbonyl-4-benzyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 7-deoxy-L-glycero-L-talo-heptono-1,4-lactone 161721-49-9 C7H12O6
    7-deoxy-L-glycero-L-talo-heptono-1,4-lactone
    —— 6-oxo-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-tetrahydropyrane 14092-63-8 C9H16O2
    6-oxo-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-tetrahydropyrane
    —— (5R,6S,9S)-6-methyl-9-prop-1-en-2-yl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one —— C12H18O2
    (5R,6S,9S)-6-methyl-9-prop-1-en-2-yl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one
    —— 5-n-hexyltetrahydropyran-2-one 161533-62-6 C11H20O2
    5-n-hexyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 7-((Ξ)-benzyliden)-oxepan-2-one 100797-43-1 C13H14O2
    7-((Ξ)-benzyliden)-oxepan-2-one
    —— Kingiside aglucon 74848-77-4 C11H14O6
    Kingiside aglucon
    —— 4-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-one 207846-02-4 C21H26O4Si
    4-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 7-methyloxacyclo-9-undecyne-2,6-dione 110797-11-0 C11H14O3
    7-methyloxacyclo-9-undecyne-2,6-dione
    —— (3R,3aS,6R,6aS)-6-{(S)-1-[(1R,3aR,4S,7aR)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7a-methyl-octahydro-inden-1-yl]-ethyl}-1,3-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-c]isoxazol-4-one 152591-09-8 C25H45NO4Si
    (3R,3aS,6R,6aS)-6-{(S)-1-[(1R,3aR,4S,7aR)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7a-methyl-octahydro-inden-1-yl]-ethyl}-1,3-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-c]isoxazol-4-one
    —— 2R,4S,5S-6-Cyclohexyl-5-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-gamma-hexanolactone 112228-22-5 C21H37NO4
    2R,4S,5S-6-Cyclohexyl-5-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-gamma-hexanolactone
    —— 2S,4S,5S-6-Cyclohexyl-5-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-gamma-hexanolactone 112227-10-8 C21H35NO4
    2S,4S,5S-6-Cyclohexyl-5-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-gamma-hexanolactone
    —— 2R,4S,5S-6-cyclohexyl-5-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-(2'-methyl-2'-propenyl)-gamma-hexanolactone 112228-21-4 C21H35NO4
    2R,4S,5S-6-cyclohexyl-5-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-(2'-methyl-2'-propenyl)-gamma-hexanolactone
    —— 2R,4S,5S-6-Cyclohexyl-5-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-benzyl-gamma-hexanolactone 112227-41-5 C24H35NO4
    2R,4S,5S-6-Cyclohexyl-5-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-benzyl-gamma-hexanolactone
    —— 2S,4S,5S-6-Cyclohexyl-5-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-(2-methylpropyl)gamma-hexanolactone 112227-11-9 C21H37NO4
    2S,4S,5S-6-Cyclohexyl-5-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-(2-methylpropyl)gamma-hexanolactone
    —— 6-(chloromethyl)-3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1426139-63-0 C8H13ClO2
    6-(chloromethyl)-3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one