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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— picropolin 28393-22-8 C22H26O8
    picropolin
    —— octahydro[2,3']bifuranyl-2'-one 63486-67-9 C8H12O3
    octahydro[2,3']bifuranyl-2'-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-hydroxymethyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 106659-15-8 C7H10O3
    (4S,5R)-5-hydroxymethyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,3aS,4S,6aS)-4-hydroxy-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one 909911-39-3 C14H24O4Si
    (3R,3aS,4S,6aS)-4-hydroxy-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one
    —— (3R,3aR,6aS)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,4-dione 909911-41-7 C14H24O4Si
    (3R,3aR,6aS)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,4-dione
    —— (3R,3aR,6aS)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one 909911-37-1 C14H24O3Si
    (3R,3aR,6aS)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one
    —— (3R,3aR,6aS)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one 909911-29-1 C8H10O3
    (3R,3aR,6aS)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one
    —— (4S,5S,6R)-4-((Z)-2-Ethoxy-vinyl)-5-methoxy-6-((4S,5R)-2,2,5-trimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 323181-71-1 C16H26O6
    (4S,5S,6R)-4-((Z)-2-Ethoxy-vinyl)-5-methoxy-6-((4S,5R)-2,2,5-trimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 4-tert-butyl-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 54796-80-4 C9H16O2
    4-tert-butyl-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (+)-(S)-4,5,5-trimethylhexan-4-olide 54796-80-4 C9H16O2
    (+)-(S)-4,5,5-trimethylhexan-4-olide
    —— (4S,5S,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-hydroxy-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one 797801-28-6 C14H26O4Si
    (4S,5S,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-hydroxy-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one
    —— (-)-15,16-dideoxy-15-hydroxy-16,17-oxidospongian-16-one 406693-55-8 C20H32O3
    (-)-15,16-dideoxy-15-hydroxy-16,17-oxidospongian-16-one
    —— (S)-((2R,3R,4R,5S)-4,5-Bis-methoxymethoxy-3-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-hydroxy-acetic acid ethyl ester 278181-22-9 C14H24O9
    (S)-((2R,3R,4R,5S)-4,5-Bis-methoxymethoxy-3-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-hydroxy-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— Methyl (2R,3R)-(5-oxo-2-propyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetate 134829-42-8 C10H16O4
    Methyl (2R,3R)-(5-oxo-2-propyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetate
    —— Methyl (2R,3R,4R)-<4-methyl-5-oxo-2-propyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl>acetate 134829-48-4 C11H18O4
    Methyl (2R,3R,4R)-<4-methyl-5-oxo-2-propyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl>acetate
    —— (4S,5R)-5-Ethyl-4-methoxymethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 1026617-44-6 C8H14O4
    (4S,5R)-5-Ethyl-4-methoxymethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-5-Ethyl-4-methoxymethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 1026464-77-6 C8H14O4
    (4R,5S)-5-Ethyl-4-methoxymethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-5-isobutyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 55714-43-7 C8H14O3
    4-hydroxy-5-isobutyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— [1S-(1α,4α,5α)]-4-azidomethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 264921-39-3 C6H7N3O2
    [1S-(1α,4α,5α)]-4-azidomethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— [1S-(1α,4α,5α)]-4-methanesulfonyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 264921-38-2 C7H10O5S
    [1S-(1α,4α,5α)]-4-methanesulfonyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— [1S-(1α,4α,5α)]-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 264921-37-1 C6H8O3
    [1S-(1α,4α,5α)]-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— N-[2-(2-Cyclopentyl-4,6-dioxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-furan-2-yl-propionamide 749934-76-7 C19H25NO5
    N-[2-(2-Cyclopentyl-4,6-dioxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-furan-2-yl-propionamide
    —— α-Chloro-α-(ethylthio)-γ-butyrolactone 165127-41-3 C6H9ClO2S
    α-Chloro-α-(ethylthio)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— N-[(2R,4R)-2-(Acetylamino-methyl)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl]-acetamide 34670-27-4 C10H16N2O4
    N-[(2R,4R)-2-(Acetylamino-methyl)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl]-acetamide
    —— 3,5-dihydroxy-3-n-decylvaleric acid lactone 95249-46-0 C15H28O3
    3,5-dihydroxy-3-n-decylvaleric acid lactone
    —— (1S,2S,3S,4S,7R,9S)-4,9-Dimethyl-10-oxo-11-oxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]dodec-5-ene-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 1027013-68-8 C16H22O4
    (1S,2S,3S,4S,7R,9S)-4,9-Dimethyl-10-oxo-11-oxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]dodec-5-ene-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— (-)-(1S,4R,5R)-4-methyl-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one 169870-96-6 C11H18O2
    (-)-(1S,4R,5R)-4-methyl-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (1S,4R,5R)-4-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one 125224-57-9 C7H10O2
    (1S,4R,5R)-4-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3-Acetyl-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 171039-05-7 C8H12O3
    (3R,4S,5R)-3-Acetyl-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— exo-4-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one —— C7H10O2
    exo-4-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R,5S)-4-methyl-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one 169870-97-7 C11H18O2
    (1R,4R,5S)-4-methyl-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-3-Acetyl-4,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 269730-52-1 C14H22O3
    (4S,5R)-3-Acetyl-4,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-3-Acetyl-4,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 269730-47-4 C14H22O3
    (4R,5R)-3-Acetyl-4,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (+)-3-acetyl-4-(2'-methylpentenyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 170964-89-3 C13H20O3
    (+)-3-acetyl-4-(2'-methylpentenyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— camphanic amide —— C10H15NO3
    camphanic amide
    —— (5a<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-7<i>c</i>,8<i>c</i>-epoxy-5<i>t</i>,8a,9<i>syn</i>-trihydroxy-9<i>anti</i>-isopropenyl-5a-methyl-(5a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-spiro[1<i>c</i>,4<i>c</i>-methano-cyclopent[<i>d</i>]oxepin-6,2'-oxiran]-2-one 3484-46-6 C15H18O7
    (5a<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-7<i>c</i>,8<i>c</i>-epoxy-5<i>t</i>,8a,9<i>syn</i>-trihydroxy-9<i>anti</i>-isopropenyl-5a-methyl-(5a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-spiro[1<i>c</i>,4<i>c</i>-methano-cyclopent[<i>d</i>]oxepin-6,2'-oxiran]-2-one
    —— (3R)-(-)-3-benzyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione 1236161-47-9 C15H16O4
    (3R)-(-)-3-benzyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione
    —— (3S)-(+)-3-benzyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione 1236161-46-8 C15H16O4
    (3S)-(+)-3-benzyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione
    —— (3S)-3-benzyl-3-(3-oxopentyl)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione 1236161-65-1 C16H18O4
    (3S)-3-benzyl-3-(3-oxopentyl)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione
    —— (+/-)-(1S*,2R*,6S*,7R*)-4-Oxatricyclo<5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>>undec-8-en-2-one 54595-30-1 C10H12O2
    (+/-)-(1S*,2R*,6S*,7R*)-4-Oxatricyclo<5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>>undec-8-en-2-one
    —— 2',6'-endo-spiro<cyclopentane-1,5'-<4>oxatricyclo<5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>>undec-8'-en-3'-one> 82639-65-4 C14H18O2
    2',6'-endo-spiro<cyclopentane-1,5'-<4>oxatricyclo<5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>>undec-8'-en-3'-one>
    —— (3R,5S,6S)-6-((1S)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 71828-90-5 C10H18O3
    (3R,5S,6S)-6-((1S)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (R)-7-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)heptan-5-olide 475995-00-7 C23H30O3Si
    (R)-7-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)heptan-5-olide
    —— 4,4,5,5-d4-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1224441-94-4 C4H6O2
    4,4,5,5-d4-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2S,3S)-3-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-2,2'-bifuranyl-5-one 1309233-58-6 C11H14O5
    (2S,3S)-3-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-2,2'-bifuranyl-5-one
    —— 5-benzyl-4-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 22862-65-3 C13H16O3
    5-benzyl-4-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-ethyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 64566-21-8 C7H12O2
    4-ethyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (5R,6R)-6-ethyl-5-methyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione 398488-51-2 C8H12O3
    (5R,6R)-6-ethyl-5-methyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— (4R,5S,6S)-4-allyl-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1439376-57-4 C11H18O3
    (4R,5S,6S)-4-allyl-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— rumphellaone A 1258499-48-7 C15H24O3
    rumphellaone A