内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-Hydroxy-4-methyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 53099-24-4 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (4R,5R,6R)-4-Methoxymethoxy-5,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 850353-36-5 | C9H16O4 |
| —— | (3R)-3-Propyl-2-oxetanone | 875125-90-9 | C6H10O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-tert-Butyl 2-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate | 1290613-93-2 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (3aS,4R,5S,5aS,6S,8R,9S,9aR,9bS)-5-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-9,9a-dihydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-2-thioxo-decahydro-naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-6-yl ester | 85614-20-6 | C31H52O9SSi |
| —— | (R)-5-((S)-chloro(furan-3-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1449291-82-0 | C9H9ClO3 |
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, 3-ethenyldihydro-5-methyl-, cis- | 88963-40-0 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | 60427-68-1 | C13H16O4 | |
| —— | 4-Ethyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid | 35161-25-2 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 3,5-Diethyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 131469-87-9 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 1089733-23-2 | C22H46O4Si2 | |
| —— | (4aS,8aR,9aS)-3-(3-methyl-4-fluorobenzyl)-8a-methyl-5-methylidene-4a,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2(4H)-one | 1265907-86-5 | C22H25FO2 |
| —— | (4S,6S)-6-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-4-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1326703-78-9 | C21H32O2Si |
| —— | 3-Isopropyl-4-[2-methyl-prop-(Z)-ylidene]-oxetan-2-one | 119124-75-3 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (1S,2S,5R,6R)-4-Oxo-3-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>2,5</sup>]non-7-ene-9-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester | 65844-31-7 | C10H10O3S |
| —— | 6-Chloro-1-phenyl-2-oxa-5-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-3-one | 282537-74-0 | C12H10ClNO2 |
| —— | D-Mannuronic acid, 2-amino-2-deoxy-, I(3)-lactone | 84444-93-9 | C6H9NO5 |
| —— | (6S,7S,8R)-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-1-oxacyclooctan-2-one | 950479-22-8 | C17H34O4Si |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-(iodomethyl)-4-phenyloxolan-2-one | 209900-66-3 | C11H11IO2 |
| —— | (1S,6R,9S)-9-Hydroxy-10-oxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodecan-11-one | 71198-48-6 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 4-(2-Hydroxy-3,3,4-trimethylcyclobutyl)-buttersaeure-lacton | 941-46-8 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | Tetrahydro-6-methyl-4-(2-phenylethynyl)-2H-pyran-2-one | 859833-25-3 | C14H14O2 |
| —— | 1402921-97-4 | C12H14O2 | |
| —— | diethyl 1,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-5,6a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-6,6-dicarboxylate | 115399-23-0 | C15H20O6 |
| —— | Acetic acid (1S,5S,7R,8S)-8-methoxy-3-oxo-6-undec-(E)-ylidene-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-7-yl ester | 142030-52-2 | C21H34O5 |
| —— | 3-(3-((R)-chloro((R)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)furan-2-yl)propyl acetate | 1449292-10-7 | C14H17ClO5 |
| —— | 3,5,6,8a-Tetrahydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one | 4430-32-4 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | 3a(2)-Bromo-4,4a(2),5,5a(2)-tetrahydro[2,3a(2)-bifuran]-2a(2)(3a(2)H)-one | 26908-25-8 | C8H9BrO3 |
| —— | 9-Methoxy-3,11a-dimethyl-3a,4,5,5a,5b,6,8,9,10,11,11a,11b,12,13-tetradecahydro-3H-2-oxa-pentaleno[1,6a-a]phenanthren-1-one | 65851-07-2 | C22H32O3 |
| —— | α-<β.β.β-Trichlor-ethyliden>-γ-butyrolacton | 69152-34-7 | C6H5Cl3O2 |
| —— | 1021150-31-1 | C16H20O4 | |
| —— | Trichloro-acetic acid (1R,5R,6R)-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | 136713-42-3 | C9H9Cl3O4 |
| —— | (4S,6R)-4-Hydroxy-6-{2-[(1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl}tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 151006-15-4 | C19H28O4 |
| —— | 1367876-75-2 | C28H32O5 | |
| —— | (6S)-Tetrahydro-6-(methoxymethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one | 320624-69-9 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | [(2S,4R)-2-(furan-3-yl)-6-oxooxan-4-yl] acetate | 270569-10-3 | C11H12O5 |
| —— | 4-(1-Hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 42867-50-5 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | Oleanan-28-oic acid, 3,25-bis(acetyloxy)-13-hydroxy-16-oxo-, I(3)-lactone, (3I(2))- | 1638-90-0 | C34H50O7 |
| —— | (3aR,7aS)-2-Oxo-7a-phenylselanyl-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carbonitrile | 115476-81-8 | C15H15NO2Se |
| —— | 2-Oxaspiro[4.4]non-6-en-1-one, 4-methyl-, cis- | 59253-92-8 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | picrodendrin F | 138137-12-9 | C20H28O10 |
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-(4-hexen-2-ynyl)dihydro-, (Z)- | 156817-95-7 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 2H-Pyran-2-one, 6-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)tetrahydro- | 1270585-46-0 | C12H13ClO2 |
| —— | 1393087-02-9 | C23H34O4Si | |
| —— | 4-Oxo-5-phenyl-3-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.0.02,5]nonane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 140633-70-1 | C16H16O4 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-hexyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1056878-09-1 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | 3-(2-Ethoxyethyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 171274-15-0 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (3E)-3-benzylidene-5-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1026729-54-3 | C18H16O2 |
| —— | 2-Aethyl-2-phenyl-glutarsaeureanhydrid | 53370-37-9 | C14H14O3 |
| —— | Acetic acid, (3-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-1-ylidene)-, ethyl ester, (E)- | 147225-73-8 | C13H18O4 |
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