内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1-(5-bromomethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one | 57094-76-5 | C10H14BrNO3 |
| —— | 7-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxadispiro[2.0.44.43]dodecan-6-one | 343954-45-0 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 4-Butylsulfanylmethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 139022-66-5 | C11H18O4S |
| —— | γ-acetoxy-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone | 1009645-76-4 | C7H8O4 |
| —— | Acetic acid (S)-2-((S)-4-acetoxy-5-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-1-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-2-methyl-propyl ester | 116903-79-8 | C31H42O7Si |
| —— | (3S,3aR,7aS)-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3a,7,7a-trihydrobenzo<b>furan-2,4-dione | 226886-04-0 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | α-Benzyl-δ-methyl-δ-hydroxy-γ-caprolacton | 92864-55-6 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 3-α-Chlorvinyl-4,5-dichlor-1,6-dihydro-phthalsaeure-anhydrid | 90845-55-9 | C10H5Cl3O3 |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 343866-74-0 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 5-((3-chloroprop-2-yn-1-yl)oxy)oxepan-2-one | 1611483-92-1 | C9H11ClO3 |
| —— | Trichloro-acetic acid (1S,5R,6R)-2-oxo-8-piperidin-1-yl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | 136713-54-7 | C14H18Cl3NO4 |
| —— | D-erythro-L-galacto-octono-1,4-lactone | 56570-93-5 | C8H14O8 |
| —— | 9-Nitro-oxacyclododecan-2-one | 84246-83-3 | C11H19NO4 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-(2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-4-[(1R)-3-oxo-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxybutyl]oxolan-2-one | 1444514-27-5 | C23H38O5Si |
| —— | (3R,5R)-6-iodo-3-(trimethylsilyl)hexan-5-olide | 496944-28-6 | C9H17IO2Si |
| —— | dihydromahubynolide B | 71325-95-6 | C21H34O3 |
| —— | 3,3a,5,9b-Tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2H-furo<3,2-b><2>benzopyran-2,6,9-trione | 121638-15-1 | C12H10O6 |
| —— | 2-O-methanesulfonyl-L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone | 138480-28-1 | C7H12O7S |
| —— | 1-O-ethoxycarbonyl-3,4-O-isopropylidenequinide | 27493-38-5 | C13H18O7 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-{[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]methyl}-4-[tri(methylthio)methyl]tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 529495-75-8 | C25H34O3S3Si |
| —— | 78986-54-6 | C6H10O3 | |
| —— | (-)-exo-(1R,6R,9R)-9-acetoxy-7-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>non-4-en-8-one | 163082-67-5 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | (3aS,3bS,4aS,5aR,8S,8bS)-5a,8a-Dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-dodecahydro-3,4-dioxa-cyclopropa[a]phenalene-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 97596-40-2 | C16H20O6 |
| —— | 3A,6a-dipropyl-dihydro-furo[2,3-<i>b</i>]furan-2,5-dione | 100521-19-5 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 3,3,4,9,9-pentamethyl-1,6-dioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-2,7-dione | 106165-27-9 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 3A,6a-diethyl-dihydro-furo[2,3-<i>b</i>]furan-2,5-dione | 103275-81-6 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-5-butyl-4-(carboxymethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 877454-91-6 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 5,6β,9-trihydroxy-14,15,16,19-tetranor-8β<i>H</i>-labdan-13-oic acid-9-lactone | 108982-71-4 | C16H26O4 |
| —— | (5<i>S</i>)-6<i>c</i>-((2<i>R</i>)-2,4<i>c</i>-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2<i>r</i>]furyl)-3ξ,5<i>r</i>-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 105912-67-2 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | 2-trimethylsilylethyl (2S,3R)-2-(methoxymethoxymethyl)-3-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate | 122445-44-7 | C15H28O6Si |
| —— | 2-Octyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 345617-13-2 | C14H24O4 |
| —— | (3R,3aS,7aS)-(2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 1218815-48-5 | C13H21NO4 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-4-methylene-2-oxo-6-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 56518-01-5 | C16H18O4 |
| —— | 6-(buta-2,3-dien-2-yl)-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1391710-85-2 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (4R,4aS,7aR)-4-Methyl-2-phenyl-4,4a,7,7a-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-d][1,3]oxazin-6-one | 76549-75-2 | C13H13NO3 |
| —— | <3R-(3β,6aβ,8aα,9α,12aβ,12bα)>-1,2,3,4,5,6a,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13-Tetradecahydro-3,9,12a-trimethyl-4,5-dioxo-3,6a-methano-naphth<2,1-b>oxocin-9-carbonsaeure-methylester | 135042-60-3 | C21H30O5 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-5-Allyl-3,4-bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 312308-52-4 | C19H38O4Si2 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-allyl-4-(iodomethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1622093-75-7 | C8H11IO2 |
| —— | 2,2,5-Trimethyl-hept-3-ensaeure-δ-lacton | 67857-21-0 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 6,6'-Methylen-bis(6-hexanolid) | 38998-42-4 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | β-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-β-propiolactone | 28814-97-3 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (5R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5,6-dimethyloxan-2-one | 120093-61-0 | C24H32O3Si |
| —— | 1,2-bis-(2,3-dibromo-5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-ethane | 99058-14-7 | C10H10Br4O4 |
| —— | ethyl (2R,3R)-4-methylidene-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylate | 106118-68-7 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | 5-hydroxymethyl-3-octyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 52180-17-3 | C13H24O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-3<i>c</i>-hydroxy-3<i>t</i>,4<i>c</i>-dimethyl-cyclohexane-<i>r</i>-carboxylic acid-lactone | 90611-53-3 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 1-(3,5-Diacetyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one | 57753-91-0 | C13H17NO5 |
| —— | 3-acetoxy-5,5-diphenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 101723-69-7 | C18H16O4 |
| —— | 2,4-dioxo-5-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 36717-65-4 | C13H12O5 |
| —— | 1262045-23-7 | C18H17NO2 |
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