内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | methyl 2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate | 910237-11-5 | C11H16O5 |
|
| —— | 1-oxo-3β-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-6β-methyl-6aα-carbomethoxy-1,3,3aα,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta<c>furan | 97673-28-4 | C16H22O4 |
|
| —— | 1-oxo-3β-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-6α-methyl-6aα-carbomethoxy-1,3,3aα,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta<c>furan | 97673-29-5 | C16H22O4 |
|
| —— | 1-oxo-3α-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-6β-methyl-6aα-carbomethoxy-1,3,3aα,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta<c>furan | 97673-26-2 | C16H22O4 |
|
| —— | 1-oxo-3α-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-6α-methyl-6aα-carbomethoxy-1,3,3aα,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta<c>furan | 97635-13-7 | C16H22O4 |
|
| —— | (R)-(+)-2-Oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-carbonsaeureamid | 166765-04-4 | C5H7NO3 |
|
| —— | 6-[(2R)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]hex-4-ynal | 1258196-36-9 | C10H12O3 |
|
| —— | 3,7-dimethyl-3-(4-methylpent-4-enyl)-2-oxa-spiro[3.5]non-6-en-1-one | 622793-12-8 | C16H24O2 |
|
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-3-methyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 147200-08-6 | C22H28O3Si |
|
| —— | 3S,5R-5-azidomethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 147093-44-5 | C6H9N3O2 |
|
| —— | (5S)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one | 3926-76-9 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-(aminomethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one | 785019-69-4 | C6H11NO2 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl (R)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate | 176237-48-2 | C9H14O4 |
|
| —— | 4,5-Dihydro-4,4,5-trimethyl-3-methylen-2(3H)-furanon | 102870-18-8 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | 4-(4-guanidinophenyl)-6-(E)-(iodomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone | 149577-66-2 | C13H14IN3O2 |
|
| —— | 4-(4-guanidinophenyl)-6-methylidenetetrahydro-2-pyranone | 149577-65-1 | C13H15N3O2 |
|
| —— | 2-[2-(2-Iodo-ethyl)-phenyl]-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 112471-40-6 | C14H15IO4 |
|
| —— | (3aR,4R,7aR)-4-Methyl-2-trichloromethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-pyrano[4,3-d]oxazol-6-one | 110079-94-2 | C8H8Cl3NO3 |
|
| —— | 3,4-Diethyl-oxetan-2-one | 115367-78-7 | C7H12O2 |
|
| —— | 2',6'-endo-spiro<cyclohexane-1,5'-<4>oxatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8'-ena3'-one> | 82639-62-1 | C14H18O2 |
|
| —— | 2',6'-endo-spiro<cyclopentane-1,5'-<4>oxatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8'-en-3'-one> | 82639-61-0 | C13H16O2 |
|
| —— | dihexyl-5,5 oxa-4,10 endo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>>decene-8 one-3 | —— | C21H34O2 |
|
| —— | dibenzyl-5,5 oxa-4,10 endo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>>decene-8 one-3 | —— | C23H22O2 |
|
| —— | dipentyl-5,5 oxa-4,10 endo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>>decene-8 one-3 | 94192-07-1 | C19H30O2 |
|
| —— | diethyl-5,5 oxa-4,10 endo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>>decene-8 one-3 | —— | C13H18O2 |
|
| —— | (3S,4R,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 132958-25-9 | C23H30O4Si |
|
| —— | 6,7-dimethyl-2-thia-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-ene-6,7-dicarboxylic acid anhydride | 78306-48-6 | C10H10O3S |
|
| —— | 5-tert-butyl-6-<(phenylseleno)methyl>tetrahydropyran-2-one | 116733-41-6 | C16H22O2Se |
|
| —— | 9,13-Dimethyl-11-oxa-3,7-diselenatetracyclo[6.5.0.02,6.09,13]trideca-2(6),4-diene-10,12-dione | 89480-97-7 | C12H10O3Se2 |
|
| —— | 9,13-Dimethyl-11-oxa-5,7-diselenatetracyclo[6.5.0.02,6.09,13]trideca-2(6),3-diene-10,12-dione | 89480-96-6 | C12H10O3Se2 |
|
| —— | 5-tert-butyl-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-5-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone | 134391-17-6 | C16H20O4 |
|
| —— | (1R,2S,6S,7S)-1,7-dimethyl-9-oxa-3-selenatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]dec-4-ene-8,10-dione | 75899-41-1 | C10H10O3Se |
|
| —— | 3-Bromo-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one | 87683-15-6 | C4H5BrO3 |
|
| —— | 4-chloro-dihydro-furan-2-one | 16507-30-5 | C4H5ClO2 |
|
| —— | 4-iodomethyl-oxetan-2-one | 36598-06-8 | C4H5IO2 |
|
| —— | 5-5(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 121224-95-1 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | 5-(1-butylvinyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 121224-97-3 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | 5-[(1E)-1-hexenyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 121224-92-8 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | 3-bromomethyl-oxetan-2-one | 1333401-25-4 | C4H5BrO2 |
|
| —— | (R)-4-dodecanolide | 69830-91-7 | C12H22O2 |
|
| —— | 5-heptyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 72473-99-5 | C12H22O2 |
|
| —— | (Z)-4-(4-(triphenylsilyl)-2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)-2,2-dimethylbutanal | 1256752-72-3 | C28H28O3Si |
|
| —— | 4-hydroxy-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-one | 98558-54-4 | C8H12O3 |
|
| —— | (R)-4,4-diethyl-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 108100-41-0 | C8H14O3 |
|
| —— | (2S,3S,4S)-2-allyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-4-butanolide | 861902-86-5 | C8H12O3 |
|
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3S,3aR,4R,6R,9bS)-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 123159-80-8 | C19H26O6 |
|
| —— | 3-isopropyl-6(Z)-(bromomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone | 136358-13-9 | C9H13BrO2 |
|
| —— | 3-isopropyl-6(E)-(bromomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone | 136358-14-0 | C9H13BrO2 |
|
| —— | 3-isopropyl-6(E)-(1-bromoethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone | 136358-17-3 | C10H15BrO2 |
|
| —— | (R)-3-isopropyl-6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1435447-26-9 | C10H18O2 |
|
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