内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | β-hydroxy-α-methylene-γ-pentyl-γ-butyrolactone | 76299-73-5 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 89470-25-7 | C20H30O4 | |
| —— | tert-butyl (1S)-3-methyl-1-[(2R,4R)-5-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]butylcarbamate | 849410-50-0 | C17H27NO4 |
| —— | 4,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 13353-20-3 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 3-isobutyryl-5,5-dimethyl-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1342897-26-0 | C16H20O3 |
| —— | (4S)-4-[(4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-(2R)-2-yl]-4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]butyric acid | 817167-05-8 | C25H35NO8 |
| —— | (1R,2S,4aR,5S,6R,8S,8aS)-1-carboxy-5-(methoxymethoxy)-2,6-dimethyl-8-hydroxy-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene 1,8-lactone | 119492-56-7 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | methyl (2SR,3SR,4RS)-2,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2-methoxyheptanedionate lactone | 92817-39-5 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | (3S,3aR,4S)-3,4-Dimethyl-4-[3-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-propyl]-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 71470-87-6 | C17H26O4 |
| —— | 78161-18-9 | C20H28O3 | |
| —— | 1192815-63-6 | C14H28O3Si | |
| —— | 1-isopropyl-4-methylen-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 67996-58-1 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 85615-74-3 | C18H34O5 | |
| —— | 5-Cyclohexyl-4-methylsulfinyl-3.4-dihydro-2(5H)-furanon | 60112-30-3 | C11H18O3S |
| —— | c-3-hydroxy-1-t-3-dimethylcyclohexane-r-1,3-carbolactone | 13747-98-3 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (4α,4aβ,7aβ)-1-Chloroctahydro-3-oxo-4-phenylcyclopenta<c>pyran-1-carbonsaeure-methylester | 140633-67-6 | C16H17ClO4 |
| —— | 127973-38-0 | C10H24O2P2Pd | |
| —— | 4-Dimethylaminomethyl-4-ethyl-4-butanolide | 82127-55-7 | C9H17NO2 |
| —— | 7-hydroxy-7-methyl-6-oxo-5-octanolide | 130469-75-9 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (1R,2R,6R)-2-Methyl-8-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]decane-3,7-dione | 106872-42-8 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | (3R<sup>*</sup>,1'S<sup>*</sup>)-4,5-dihydro-3-(α-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)-2(3H)furanone | 86539-37-9 | C14H20O3Si |
| —— | (E)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-3-(4-oxopentylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1256752-82-5 | C17H22O3Si |
| —— | (R)-5-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpenta-3,4-dienyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1440533-42-5 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid (1R,2R,6R,7R)-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-1-ylmethyl ester | 156880-47-6 | C11H16O5S |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-2-oxo-3-pentyl-4,5-dipropyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile | 83231-49-6 | C16H27NO3 |
| —— | rac-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-11β-hydroxy-16-oxo-16,17-seco-pregna-5,14ξ-dien-18-oic acid-lactone | 114223-54-0 | C23H30O5 |
| —— | 177790-79-3 | C24H32O7 | |
| —— | (Z,3R,4R,9S,10R)-3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-4,9-bis(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-10-pentyloxecin-2-one | 1585969-09-0 | C19H34O6 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-iodopropyl]-5-(iodomethyl)oxolan-2-one | 862476-94-6 | C8H12I2O3 |
| —— | (R)-4-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 72176-18-2 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | γ-methoxy-α-methoxycarbonyl-β,β-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone | 42203-08-7 | C9H14O5 |
| —— | (4aR,5S,7aR)-1,1,5-Trimethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one | 95836-30-9 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 1-Chlor-c-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-t-2-methyl-t-3-phenyl-r-1-cyclopropancarbonsaeure-lacton | 83142-16-9 | C14H15ClO2 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-3-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 87116-26-5 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (1S,6S)-10-Hydroxy-10-phenyl-8,14,15-trioxa-tricyclo[9.3.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]pentadecan-9-one | 143618-82-0 | C18H22O5 |
| —— | (R)-4,4-Dimethyl-5-(2-methyl-allyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 108885-78-5 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (+)-5-(3-fluorophenyl)oxepan-2-one | 1402080-51-6 | C12H13FO2 |
| —— | [(1S)-1-[(4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-(2R)-2-yl]-4-hydroxybutyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 817167-02-5 | C20H29NO5 |
| —— | tert-butyl (2E)-2-(3-oxooxepan-2-ylidene)acetate | 1052103-86-2 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | (1R,2S,5S)-2-<N-methyl(methoxycarbonyl)amino>-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-3-ene | 111515-76-5 | C10H13NO4 |
| —— | (2α,3β(R*))-(+/-)-Tetrahydro-4-methylene-α-<2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy>-2-octyl-5-oxo-3-furanacetic acid | 107977-44-6 | C20H36O5Si |
| —— | (S)-3-[(1R,2S,4R,5S)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-3,3-dimethyl-2-vinyl-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-1-yl]-6-[3-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one | 471269-99-5 | C53H66O5Si2 |
| —— | (3aα,4α,5β,6aα)-(+/-)-Hexahydro-5-methoxy-1-oxo-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-4-carbonsaeure-methylester | 101469-47-0 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | 8-methyl-2,3,4,4a,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-(4aS,9aR)-pyrano<3,2-b>oxepan-6-one | 129285-73-0 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-(4aR,7aR)-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2(3H)-one | 6053-92-5 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 5-(1-iodo-2-methylprop-1-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1260160-52-8 | C8H11IO2 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-Methyl-4-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 86277-80-7 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | 3-cyclohexyl-3-methyl-3H,5H-furan-2,4-dione | 121740-90-7 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 7-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-D-glycero-D-gulo-heptono-1,4-lactone | 129415-28-7 | C23H30O7Si |
| —— | (3aS,6aS)-Tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,6-dione 6-(O-methyl-oxime) | 81159-40-2 | C8H11NO3 |
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