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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4S)-4-[(3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]oxan-2-one 145105-20-0 C11H16O4
    (4S)-4-[(3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— ethyl (E)-4-[(2R,4R)-2-[(2R)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropan-2-yl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]but-2-enoate 143521-59-9 C30H40O5Si
    ethyl (E)-4-[(2R,4R)-2-[(2R)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropan-2-yl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]but-2-enoate
    —— (2R,3S,4S,5S)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide 145063-98-5 C15H27NO5
    (2R,3S,4S,5S)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide
    —— (2aS,8S,8aS,8bS)-8-(1-Hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one 163182-34-1 C14H20O3
    (2aS,8S,8aS,8bS)-8-(1-Hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one
    —— (1R,3S,5S)-3-(tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyloxy)-8,8-dimethyl-2-methylene-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 564476-51-3 C16H28O3Si
    (1R,3S,5S)-3-(tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyloxy)-8,8-dimethyl-2-methylene-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-[(R)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one 198420-78-9 C24H52O6Si3
    (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-[(R)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (S)-3-Ethyl-2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carbaldehyde 197848-08-1 C9H14O3
    (S)-3-Ethyl-2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carbaldehyde
    —— 5-(3-oxobutyl)-5-(2-oxoethyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone 157641-01-5 C10H14O4
    5-(3-oxobutyl)-5-(2-oxoethyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone
    —— (+/-)-(3R*,4S*,5S*)-5-((1'R*)-hydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-4-(phenyldimethylsilyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C16H24O3Si
    (+/-)-(3R*,4S*,5S*)-5-((1'R*)-hydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-4-(phenyldimethylsilyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(4'-pentenyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone 180692-98-2 C9H14O3
    (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(4'-pentenyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone
    —— (3S,3aS,5aR,9S,9aS,9bS)-3,9-Dimethyl-5a-vinyl-octahydro-furo[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione 80924-48-7 C15H20O4
    (3S,3aS,5aR,9S,9aS,9bS)-3,9-Dimethyl-5a-vinyl-octahydro-furo[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione
    —— (-)-3-O-<(tert-butyl)dimethylsilyl>-2,7-dideoxy-2,4-di-C-methyl-L-altro-hept-6-ulosono-1,4-lactone 149233-70-5 C15H28O5Si
    (-)-3-O-<(tert-butyl)dimethylsilyl>-2,7-dideoxy-2,4-di-C-methyl-L-altro-hept-6-ulosono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2-(tetrahydro-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)-<1α,2β(S)>-cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde 165038-12-0 C9H12O3
    2-(tetrahydro-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)-<1α,2β(S)>-cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde
    —— methyl 2-[(2SR,3RS)-3-ethenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl]acetate —— C9H12O4
    methyl 2-[(2SR,3RS)-3-ethenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl]acetate
    —— 10-Methyl-1-oxacyclodec-6-yn-2-one 182062-27-7 C10H14O2
    10-Methyl-1-oxacyclodec-6-yn-2-one
    —— 4-(1-Benzyloxymethoxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-6-methoxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 154138-74-6 C17H24O5
    4-(1-Benzyloxymethoxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-6-methoxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (4aS,8aR)-4a-Methyl-hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one 143704-08-9 C9H14O3
    (4aS,8aR)-4a-Methyl-hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one
    —— methyl (-)-dihydro-allo-protolichesterinate 144408-17-3 C20H36O4
    methyl (-)-dihydro-allo-protolichesterinate
    —— (1R,4R,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 143347-68-6 C23H28O3Si
    (1R,4R,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-4-ethylhexanoic acid 1,4-lactone 151254-98-7 C8H14O3
    (4S,5R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-4-ethylhexanoic acid 1,4-lactone
    —— 12-hydroxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabd-7-ene-19,6β-olide 426219-87-6 C16H24O3
    12-hydroxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabd-7-ene-19,6β-olide
    —— (1S,4S,5S,6R)-4-formyl-6-(methoxymethyl)oxy-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one 203248-36-6 C10H14O5
    (1S,4S,5S,6R)-4-formyl-6-(methoxymethyl)oxy-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one
    —— eudesm-4(15),11(13)-diene-12,5β-olide 132209-65-5 C15H20O2
    eudesm-4(15),11(13)-diene-12,5β-olide
    —— ethyl (4-bromo-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)acetate 457604-19-2 C8H11BrO4
    ethyl (4-bromo-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)acetate
    —— (2S,3R,5R,8S)-8-Decyl-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1,7-dioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-4,6-dione 404935-55-3 C18H30O6
    (2S,3R,5R,8S)-8-Decyl-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1,7-dioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-4,6-dione
    —— (R)-5-(2-Methylsulfanyl-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 201341-60-8 C7H12O2S
    (R)-5-(2-Methylsulfanyl-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (1R,3S,6S,9R)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-10,12-dioxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodec-4-en-11-one 200571-94-4 C29H36O4Si
    (1R,3S,6S,9R)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-10,12-dioxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodec-4-en-11-one
    —— threo-γ-Hydroxy-L-β-lysin-lacton 53990-02-6 C6H12N2O2
    threo-γ-Hydroxy-L-β-lysin-lacton
    —— 6-(2-Phenylethynyl)oxan-2-one 473611-27-7 C13H12O2
    6-(2-Phenylethynyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (5R,6R)-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-5-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 155203-52-4 C11H18O2
    (5R,6R)-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-5-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-3-methyl-2-oxo-5-tridecyl-4-vinyltetrahydrofuran 133604-26-9 C20H36O2
    (3S,4S,5S)-3-methyl-2-oxo-5-tridecyl-4-vinyltetrahydrofuran
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-4-Bromo-3-hydroxy-5-methoxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 145827-03-8 C6H9BrO4
    (3S,4R,5S)-4-Bromo-3-hydroxy-5-methoxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-[1,3]Dithian-2-ylmethyl-5-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 164229-11-2 C12H18O2S2
    (4S,5R)-4-[1,3]Dithian-2-ylmethyl-5-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (-)-allo-Protolichesterinsaeuremethylester 144408-16-2 C20H34O4
    (-)-allo-Protolichesterinsaeuremethylester
    —— (3R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-methoxy-3-oxobutyl]-3-methyloxan-2-one 131719-88-5 C11H18O4
    (3R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-methoxy-3-oxobutyl]-3-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-methyl-oxepan-2-one 218268-87-2 C13H26O3Si
    (4S,5R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-methyl-oxepan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-pent-4-enyloxolan-2-one 180693-04-3 C15H28O3Si
    (4S,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-pent-4-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,6aS)-(-)-6a-Methyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-on 154635-32-2 C8H10O2
    (3aR,6aS)-(-)-6a-Methyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-on
    —— [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1S,6R)-1-cyano-3,4-dimethyl-6-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate 144901-86-0 C22H25NO4
    [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1S,6R)-1-cyano-3,4-dimethyl-6-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate
    —— methyl 4-{(1S,5R)-5-[(1R)-2-hydroxyisopropyl]-3-oxo-4-oxanyl}but-2-enoate 207303-14-8 C13H20O5
    methyl 4-{(1S,5R)-5-[(1R)-2-hydroxyisopropyl]-3-oxo-4-oxanyl}but-2-enoate
    —— (4R,5R)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-methyloxolan-2-one 171671-98-0 C12H24O3Si
    (4R,5R)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-(3R*,4S*,5R*)-5-((1'S*)-hydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-4-(phenyldimethylsilyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C16H24O3Si
    (+/-)-(3R*,4S*,5R*)-5-((1'S*)-hydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-4-(phenyldimethylsilyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (+)-(2aS,3R,6aS,6bS)-hexahydro-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2H-1,4-dioxa-4a-azacyclopenta[cd]pentalen-2-one 474827-12-8 C9H13NO4
    (+)-(2aS,3R,6aS,6bS)-hexahydro-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2H-1,4-dioxa-4a-azacyclopenta[cd]pentalen-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5R)-4-Methyl-3-methylsulfanyl-5-octyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 159954-73-1 C14H26O2S
    (3S,4R,5R)-4-Methyl-3-methylsulfanyl-5-octyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (1S,5S)-8,8-Dimethyl-2-methylene-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,7-dione 564476-62-6 C10H12O3
    (1S,5S)-8,8-Dimethyl-2-methylene-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,7-dione
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dideuteriooxolan-2-one 612070-50-5 C21H26O3Si
    (3R,4S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dideuteriooxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-((E)-3-oxo-oct-1-enyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 174589-70-9 C21H36O4Si
    (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-((E)-3-oxo-oct-1-enyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-deuteriooxolan-2-one 612070-51-6 C21H26O3Si
    (4S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-deuteriooxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one 188251-56-1 C20H24O4Si
    (3R,4R)-3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-[(E)-(R)-3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-but-1-enyl]-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 162680-09-3 C25H32O4Si
    (4S,5S)-4-[(E)-(R)-3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-but-1-enyl]-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one