内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-Oxa-spiro[5.5]undec-8-en-3-one | 1127-17-9 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 1,6-dipropyl-7,8-diphenyl-tricyclo(4.2.1.0<sup>2,5</sup>)nonan-9-one-2,8:5,7-dicarbolactone | 61202-92-4 | C29H28O5 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3S,3aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-8-yl ester | 30825-79-7 | C17H24O4 |
| —— | (1S,6R,8R)-6-Methyl-3-vinyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.4.0.0<sup>3,8</sup>]decan-5-one | 69864-30-8 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | (3β)-tertiobutyldimethylsilyloxy-(20R)-hydroxypregn-5-en-18-oic acid γ-lactone | 131943-60-7 | C27H44O3Si |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,6R<sup>*</sup>)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-n-propyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 135973-97-6 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | (3E)-3-ethylidene-6-methyloxan-2-one | 1226979-51-6 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (3aR,5R,6R,7aR)-5-(2,2-dibromoethenyl)-6-hydroxy-3,3a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyran-2-one | 1042093-63-9 | C9H10Br2O4 |
| —— | cis-β-Phenyl-γ-hydroxy-δ-valerolactone | 131323-50-7 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 4a,5,6,8a-tetrahydro-4a-methylcoumarin | 78267-59-1 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 127669-28-7 | C23H32O9 | |
| —— | 5-methyl-4-[4-(4-methyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1λ5-phospha-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-1-ylideneamino)-benzylidene]-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one | 56031-41-5 | C22H22N3O4P |
| —— | 3-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-5-yl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropylsulfonyl)propionitrile | 1232244-52-8 | C10H12F3NO4S |
| —— | (S)-3-Phenyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one | 77197-71-8 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-Hexyl-4-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 128372-60-1 | C16H22O2 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-Phenylselanyl-1-oxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-2-one | 63048-65-7 | C14H16O2Se |
| —— | (R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-ethynyl-2-trichloromethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazole | 944584-76-3 | C13H20Cl3NO2Si |
| —— | 108295-60-9 | C21H32O4 | |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3-Ethyl-7-phenyl-δ-heptanolide | 144867-58-3 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | (3aR,5S,5aR,8aR,8bR)-2,2-Dimethyl-7-oxo-octahydro-furo[2',3':3,4]benzo[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 127231-98-5 | C13H18O6 |
| —— | (3aS,7aR)-3a-[2-((R)-6-Furan-3-yl-4-methyl-2-oxo-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,4-dione | 138118-11-3 | C20H18O7 |
| —— | (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1R,5R)-6-oxo-spiro[4.4]non-1-yl ester | 65427-12-5 | C19H26O5 |
| —— | 5-Acetyl-2-oxo-3-(2-oxo-azepan-1-ylmethyl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 36109-71-4 | C16H23NO6 |
| —— | (1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-(3,3-ethylenedioxyoctyl)-7-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one | 118565-78-9 | C17H28O5 |
| —— | (1R,2R,6S,7S)-1,11-Dichloro-7-methyl-8-oxa-10-aza-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undec-10-en-9-one | 143721-93-1 | C10H11Cl2NO2 |
| —— | trans-dihydro-3-(chloromethyl)-5-octyl-2(3H)-furanone | 97191-04-3 | C13H23ClO2 |
| —— | 5-(acetyloxy)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro<3β,3aα,5α,6β,6aα>-3,6-methano-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 135270-98-3 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-butyl)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 65668-72-6 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | γ-Ethyl-α-amyl-butyrolacton | 51849-72-0 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | 5-((3S,4aR,5R,6S,8aS)-3,6-bis((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-2,5,8a-trimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene-1-carbonyl)-2,2,6-trimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one | 1338724-30-3 | C40H74O7Si3 |
| —— | 6,13-Dimethyl-3,11-dimethylene-1,9-dioxa-dispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecane-2,10-dione | 65461-26-9 | C16H20O4 |
| —— | 5-bromo-3-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-7-phenylheptan-4-olide | 75677-45-1 | C15H19BrO3 |
| —— | 2-Isobutyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxa-spiro[5.5]undecan-4-one | 74942-37-3 | C14H24O3 |
| —— | 945681-75-4 | C11H17NO5 | |
| —— | 1201685-91-7 | C13H20O2 | |
| —— | (5R)-4-ethenyl-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxypropyl]-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 130684-55-8 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 2-ethyl-3-methyl-5-pentanolide | 114199-67-6 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 12-phenyl-13-oxadispiro[3.1.5.3]tetradecane-5,14-dione | 1057478-88-2 | C19H22O3 |
| —— | 4<i>r</i>,5<i>t</i>-diethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 103263-52-1 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 3-Oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid, 2-oxo-4-phenyl-, [1S-(1I+/-,4I+/-,5I+/-)]- | 161970-73-6 | C12H10O4 |
| —— | 142030-38-4 | C33H62O5Sn | |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-3-Allyl-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 142329-73-5 | C20H40O4Si2 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-3,3-Dichloro-4-chloromethyl-5-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 124224-43-7 | C8H11Cl3O2 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6R,9R)-9-isopropyl-6-methyl-11-oxo-10,12-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.01,6]dodec-5-yl acetate | 874120-36-2 | C16H24O5 |
| —— | oxo-pentyl-succinic acid anhydride | 855389-93-4 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | meso-rel-(1R,5S,6S)-6-methyl-10-oxo-11-oxatricyclo<4.3.2.0<sup>1,5</sup>>undec-8-en-4-ylidenehydrazine | 99310-24-4 | C22H24N2O4 |
| —— | α-methyl-γ-butyrolactone-d3 | 76742-80-8 | C5H8O2 |
| —— | 7-endo-Methoxy-2-oxatricyclo<3.3.0.0<sup>4.6</sup>>octan-3-on | 71254-47-2 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | Amalogenin A acetate | 142878-26-0 | C23H30O6 |
| —— | (+)-3-hydroxy-5-icosanolide | 140146-16-3 | C20H38O3 |
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