内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6-cyclohexyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyrone | 117642-42-9 | C13H22O3 |
| —— | 204381-24-8 | C36H54O4Si | |
| —— | anti-4-methyl-3-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1613041-11-4 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 4,5,4',5'-tetraoxo-octahydro-[2,2']bifuryl-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 100887-05-6 | C14H14O10 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 950489-54-0 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-Heptyl-3-((Z)-propenyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 107364-89-6 | C15H26O2 |
| —— | (E)-3-benzylidene-6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1206613-86-6 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | 3,4-Bis-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 64149-87-7 | C11H20O4 |
| —— | (1S,1aS,3aS,5R,5aR,5bR)-5-Hydroxy-3a,5b-dimethyl-2-oxo-hexahydro-3,4-dioxa-cyclobuta[cd]pentalene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 63098-23-7 | C11H14O6 |
| —— | tert-butyl N-[(3S,4R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]carbamate | 157823-87-5 | C10H17NO5 |
| —— | (+/-)-methyl 5-O-acetyl-2-chloro-2,3-dideoxy-DL-arabino-hexarate 1,4-lactone | 146352-55-8 | C9H11ClO6 |
| —— | 56326-32-0 | C20H29IO4 | |
| —— | (4aS,5R,6S)-5-Ethyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one | 166735-48-4 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (1R,3R,7S,8R,10S)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6,9,13-tetraoxatetracyclo[6.5.1.01,10.03,7]tetradecan-12-one | 871360-05-3 | C12H16O5 |
| —— | (Z)-3-benzyl-5-benzylidene-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one | 952718-58-0 | C22H20O2 |
| —— | cis tertiobutyl-8 oxa-2 spiro<4,5>decanone-3 | 91704-35-7 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | 2,6-Bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-D-gulono-1,4-lacton | 78283-84-8 | C18H38O6Si2 |
| —— | 4-<(ethylthio)methyl>-3-cyano-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 139022-75-6 | C8H11NO2S |
| —— | 2-Diazo-3-oxo-hept-6-enoic acid (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 191281-11-5 | C13H16N2O5 |
| —— | 3-{1-[(E)-Benzylimino]-ethyl}-3,4,5-tributyl-3H-furan-2-one | 83231-52-1 | C25H37NO2 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-<(1R)-1-acetoxy-2-propen-1-yl>-3-trifluoroacetylamino-4-butanolide | 174582-93-5 | C11H12F3NO5 |
| —— | 4-Isobutyl-3-trimethylsilanyl-oxetan-2-one | 343791-41-3 | C10H20O2Si |
| —— | (2R,5S,6S)-5-butyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one | 405552-37-6 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | (3aR,6aR)-3a-Methyl-3-methylene-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 84369-86-8 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | ethyl (E)-5,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-ylideneacetate | 85271-80-3 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 4-hexenyl-4-methyl-2-methylene-4-butanolide | 69504-60-5 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | 2-(Bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-en)-3'-spiro-(4'-methylen-2'(H)-4',5'-dihydrofuran-5'on | 66898-26-8 | C11H12O2 |
| —— | 69698-76-6 | C14H19IO2 | |
| —— | 3-epi-clionamine D hydrochloride | 1584155-51-0 | C24H35NO4*ClH |
| —— | 1,3-dimethyl-10-methylene-8-oxabicyclo<5.3.0>-dec-3-en-2,9-dione | 121878-56-6 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3-Ethyl-5-(1-iodo-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 885126-26-1 | C8H13IO2 |
| —— | 4-Nitropyridine 1-oxide | 1124-82-9 | C6H4Br2O3 |
| —— | (S)-α-(2-mesityl)-γ-butyrolactone | 1443013-41-9 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (3R,3aS,7aR)-3-Methyl-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,5-dione | 121900-80-9 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one | 1193397-48-6 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 1,3,3,4',4'-Pentamethylbicyclo<4.2.1>nonane-7-spiro-2'-(tetrahydrofuran)-5,5'-dione | 128064-31-3 | C17H26O3 |
| —— | 5-((E)-3-Iodo-2-methyl-allyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100231-33-2 | C8H11IO2 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2-one | 81661-45-2 | C14H26O5Si |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-3,3,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 145674-67-5 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 5-((E)-3-Furan-2-yl-2-methyl-allyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100231-34-3 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | (4aS,8aS)-8a-Ethyl-octahydro-isochromen-3-one | 58240-80-5 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-Acetoxymethyl-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-carboxylic acid | 66376-62-3 | C11H14O6 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-<(1R)-1-acetoxy-2-propen-1-yl>-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-butanolide | 174582-87-7 | C14H21NO6 |
| —— | 41702-17-4 | C14H20O3 | |
| —— | 3-(4-iodobutyl)-3-(3-iodopropyl)oxepan-2-one | 163012-25-7 | C13H22I2O2 |
| —— | α-benzyl-α-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone | 159531-72-3 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 6-isopropylidene-5,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 4054-91-5 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 3-Cyclopropyl-4,4-dimethyl-4H-isoxazol-5-one | 51942-53-1 | C8H11NO2 |
| —— | α-methyl-β-ethyl-γ-methyl-γ-1-propenyl-δ-valerolactone | 677326-44-2 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | ethyl (Z)-4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-ylideneacetate | 84374-88-9 | C9H12O4 |
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