内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-benzyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 68975-07-5 | C11H12O2 |
|
| —— | (2'R,3R,5S)-3-(2'-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-7'-trimethylsilyl-6'-heptynyl)-5-methyl-3-(methylsulfenyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 251998-71-7 | C22H42O3SSi2 |
|
| —— | (2'R,3S,5S)-3-(2'-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-7'-trimethylsilyl-6'-heptynyl)-5-methyl-3-(methylsulfenyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 251998-73-9 | C22H42O3SSi2 |
|
| —— | Isobutyric acid (2S,4R,8S,9R,11R)-13-bromo-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxa-tricyclo[9.2.1.0<sup>4,8</sup>]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl ester | 75197-65-8 | C19H23BrO6 |
|
| —— | Isobutyric acid (2S,4R,8S,9R,11R)-13-hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxa-tricyclo[9.2.1.0<sup>4,8</sup>]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl ester | 75197-66-9 | C19H24O7 |
|
| —— | Isobutyric acid (2S,4R,8R,9R,11R)-8-hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxa-tricyclo[9.2.1.0<sup>4,8</sup>]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl ester | 75197-64-7 | C19H24O7 |
|
| —— | 3-Butyl-3-methyl-oxetan-2-one | 16230-69-6 | C8H14O2 |
|
| —— | (E)-9-octadecen-4-olide | 366468-89-5 | C18H32O2 |
|
| —— | methyl [(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-isopropenyl-2-oxotetrahydro-3-furanyl]acetate | 910237-07-9 | C10H14O5 |
|
| —— | 4-methylene-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one | 57428-15-6 | C9H12O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,6S,8S)-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.0.0<sup>1,6</sup>]undeca-5,11-dione | 188556-54-9 | C10H12O3 |
|
| —— | α-methoxycarbonyl-α-methyl-γ-valerolactone | 74002-72-5 | C8H12O4 |
|
| —— | 3-bromo-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 74002-74-7 | C6H9BrO2 |
|
| —— | 5,5-Dimethyl-3-methylen-6-phenyltetrahydro-2-pyranon | 54312-55-9 | C14H16O2 |
|
| —— | 6,6-dimethyl-3-methylene-2,7-dioxo-1-oxaspiro(4.5)decane | 65461-27-0 | C12H16O3 |
|
| —— | α-hydroxy-γ-octyl-γ-butyrolactone | 117339-16-9 | C12H22O3 |
|
| —— | 3,9-dimethylene-1,7-dioxa-dispiro[4.0.4.2]dodecane-2,8-dione | 904215-47-0 | C12H12O4 |
|
| —— | 1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-4-methylene-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-one | 56745-76-7 | C11H14O2 |
|
| —— | 3R-dihydroxy-caryophyllan-[5,8]-6,7-olide | 1254952-98-1 | C15H24O4 |
|
| —— | ent-seco-plakortolide I | 1403494-54-1 | C24H38O4 |
|
| —— | (S)-5-((1S,2R)-1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-butyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 182370-47-4 | C9H16O3 |
|
| —— | seco-plakortolide K | 1267675-67-1 | C26H42O4 |
|
| —— | seco-plakortolide L | 1267675-91-1 | C26H42O4 |
|
| —— | seco-plakortolide V | 1346557-27-4 | C23H44O4 |
|
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-dihydrofuran-2-one | 1215021-52-5 | C11H12O3 |
|
| —— | 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 99865-82-4 | C11H12O4 |
|
| —— | (1'S,2'S,4S,6'S,8'R,11'S,12'R)-1'-amino-12'-ethenyl-11'-hydroxy-2,2,4',4'-tetramethylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-4,7'-3,5,9-trioxatricyclo[6.3.1.02,6]dodecane]-10'-one | 616225-53-7 | C17H25NO7 |
|
| —— | 5-Chlorpentan-4-olid-4-carbonsaeure | 53856-91-0 | C6H7ClO4 |
|
| —— | 2-Chloromethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid propyl ester | 60947-40-2 | C9H13ClO4 |
|
| —— | 5-Brompentan-4-olid-4-carbonsaeure | 53856-92-1 | C6H7BrO4 |
|
| —— | 7-Octyl-oxepan-2-one | 3041-18-7 | C14H26O2 |
|
| —— | (3E)-3-[1-(propylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione | 1248589-97-0 | C9H13NO3 |
|
| —— | 2-Methyl-L-arabono-γ-lacton | 89674-07-7 | C6H10O5 |
|
| —— | Tricocin-S2 | 62139-17-7 | C25H28O8 |
|
| —— | 3-ethylidene-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one | 62527-65-5 | C7H10O2 |
|
| —— | 4,5-dihydro-3-ethenyl-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 6000-81-3 | C7H10O2 |
|
| —— | 7,7,9,9-Tetramethyl-3-methylen-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-on | 67464-49-7 | C14H22O2 |
|
| —— | 2-acetyl-4-methyl-3-(2',2'-dichlorovinyl)-γ-valerolactone | 70603-89-3 | C10H12Cl2O3 |
|
| —— | 3-[(E)-but-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one | 150163-14-7 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | (3R,3aS,6aR)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 909911-42-8 | C14H24O3Si |
|
| —— | (3R,3aS,6aR)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 909911-30-4 | C8H10O3 |
|
| —— | 3-hexen-6-olide | 102575-06-4 | C6H8O2 |
|
| —— | Methyl 2-cyano-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-oxolan-3-ylidene)acetate | 82698-90-6 | C10H11NO4 |
|
| —— | trans-5,5-dibenzyl-3,4-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 114090-95-8 | C20H22O2 |
|
| —— | 7-(2-Diphenylphosphinoylethyl)oxepan-2-one | 147263-11-4 | C20H23O3P |
|
| —— | D-glycero-D-gulo-heptono-1,4-lactone | 1120352-71-7 | C7H12O7 |
|
| —— | 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-8-methylnon-6-ene 1,4-lactone | 118477-07-9 | C11H18O5 |
|
| —— | 3-methylene-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 343929-44-2 | C8H8O2 |
|
| —— | 3-Methylene-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta(b)furan-2-one | 343852-61-9 | C10H12O2 |
|
| —— | β-Hexyl-α-methylen-γ-butyrolacton | 72277-31-7 | C11H18O2 |
|
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