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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-[4-(3-Heptyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)butyl]oxolan-2-one 1082071-00-8 C18H31NO3
    5-[4-(3-Heptyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)butyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(Pent-4-EN-1-YL)oxolan-2-one 61167-11-1 C9H14O2
    5-(Pent-4-EN-1-YL)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[4-(3-heptyl-5-isoxazolyl)butyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 1082070-88-9 C18H29NO3
    5-[4-(3-heptyl-5-isoxazolyl)butyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-(hex-5-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 26524-71-0 C10H16O2
    5-(hex-5-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-decyloxetan-2-one 51758-19-1 C13H24O2
    4-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (2S,3R,4S)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-3-phenylselanyl-2-tridecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid (1R,2S)-2-phenyl-cyclohexyl ester 262284-21-9 C37H52O4Se
    (2S,3R,4S)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-3-phenylselanyl-2-tridecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid (1R,2S)-2-phenyl-cyclohexyl ester
    —— (2S,3R,4R)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-2-tridecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid (1R,2S)-2-phenyl-cyclohexyl ester 262284-22-0 C31H48O4
    (2S,3R,4R)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-2-tridecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid (1R,2S)-2-phenyl-cyclohexyl ester
    —— (2S,3S,4R)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-2-tridecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid (1R,2S)-2-phenyl-cyclohexyl ester 262284-23-1 C31H48O4
    (2S,3S,4R)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-2-tridecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid (1R,2S)-2-phenyl-cyclohexyl ester
    —— 3,5-dideoxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-O-methyl-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-6-C-oxo-β-L-mannoseptanose 467224-41-5 C12H20O5
    3,5-dideoxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-O-methyl-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-6-C-oxo-β-L-mannoseptanose
    —— (4R,5S)-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-(iodomethyl)-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 81357-34-8 C6H9IO3
    (4R,5S)-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-(iodomethyl)-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4-ethynyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydropyran 1056176-42-1 C7H8O3
    4-ethynyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydropyran
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-Dihydro-3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(iodomethyl)-2(3H)-furanone 83569-27-1 C7H11IO3
    (3R,4R,5S)-Dihydro-3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(iodomethyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 160224-89-5 C5H8O4
    (3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 292177-96-9 C5H8O4
    (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-(1-propynyl)tetrahydropyran 1056176-43-2 C8H10O3
    4-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-(1-propynyl)tetrahydropyran
    —— ieodomycin B 1312925-56-6 C12H18O3
    ieodomycin B
    —— 3-[3-(2-thienyl)propyl]furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione 929718-40-1 C11H12O3S
    3-[3-(2-thienyl)propyl]furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione
    —— (R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-(3H) 4,5-dihydro-2-furanone 1192-42-3 C5H8O3
    (R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-(3H) 4,5-dihydro-2-furanone
    —— 3,3-difluoro-4,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one 15156-63-5 C5H6F2O2
    3,3-difluoro-4,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one
    —— (R)-(+)-O-vinyl pantolactone 207557-91-3 C8H12O3
    (R)-(+)-O-vinyl pantolactone
    —— (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,4aR,7S,8S,8aS)-7-methyl-8-{2-[(2S,4S)-6-oxo-4-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester 161358-34-5 C28H44O6
    (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,4aR,7S,8S,8aS)-7-methyl-8-{2-[(2S,4S)-6-oxo-4-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester
    —— (2aR*,3S*,5aR*,8aS*,8bS*)-3-methyl-3,3a,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-1-oxaacenaphthen-2-one 143112-32-7 C12H16O2
    (2aR*,3S*,5aR*,8aS*,8bS*)-3-methyl-3,3a,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-1-oxaacenaphthen-2-one
    —— 4-isobutyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1417889-50-9 C9H16O2
    4-isobutyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4-tert-Butyl-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one 89359-10-4 C8H14O3
    4-tert-Butyl-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-valeric acid-4-lactone 6969-43-3 C7H12O3
    2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-valeric acid-4-lactone
    —— (1S,6R,10R,11S)-1-[(1S,2R,3R,5R,7S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy-3-methyl-5-[(2S,5R,6R,8R,10R)-5-methyl-2-(2-propynyl)-5-(triethylsilyl)oxy-1,7,9-trioxadispiro[5.1.5.2]pentadecan-10-ylmethyl]-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl]-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxymethyl-10,11-dimethyl-8-oxaspiro[5.6]dodecan-2-en-7-one 1075244-46-0 C66H102O10Si3
    (1S,6R,10R,11S)-1-[(1S,2R,3R,5R,7S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy-3-methyl-5-[(2S,5R,6R,8R,10R)-5-methyl-2-(2-propynyl)-5-(triethylsilyl)oxy-1,7,9-trioxadispiro[5.1.5.2]pentadecan-10-ylmethyl]-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl]-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxymethyl-10,11-dimethyl-8-oxaspiro[5.6]dodecan-2-en-7-one
    —— 2-Oxo-5-phenyl-3-vinyl-4,5-dihydrofuran 142038-51-5 C12H12O2
    2-Oxo-5-phenyl-3-vinyl-4,5-dihydrofuran
    —— methyl (S)-5-[(E)-cyanomethylidene]-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-5-carboxylate 467248-62-0 C8H7NO4
    methyl (S)-5-[(E)-cyanomethylidene]-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-5-carboxylate
    —— (S)-3-[(E)-dimethylaminomethylidene]-5-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 259523-51-8 C9H13NO4
    (S)-3-[(E)-dimethylaminomethylidene]-5-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-Oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-5-carboxylic acid hex-5-enyl-methylamide 1027355-52-7 C14H21NO3
    3-Oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-5-carboxylic acid hex-5-enyl-methylamide
    —— (1R,4R,5R)-N-(hex-5-en-1-yl)-N-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-5-carboxamide 862174-98-9 C14H21NO3
    (1R,4R,5R)-N-(hex-5-en-1-yl)-N-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-5-carboxamide
    —— 3,4,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 85564-78-9 C7H12O2
    3,4,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-1,5-oxasilonan-9-one 38109-17-0 C9H18O2Si
    5,5-dimethyl-1,5-oxasilonan-9-one
    —— (-)-litsenolide C1 38965-62-7 C19H34O3
    (-)-litsenolide C1
    —— (+/-)-Litsenolide C1 38965-61-6 C19H34O3
    (+/-)-Litsenolide C1
    —— 4,4,7,7-Tetramethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl acetate 89590-54-5 C12H18O4
    4,4,7,7-Tetramethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl acetate
    —— 3-(3-Chloropropyl)-4-methylideneoxetan-2-one 1239897-11-0 C7H9ClO2
    3-(3-Chloropropyl)-4-methylideneoxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-3,4-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-5-trimethylsilanyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 10589-34-1 C14H32O5Si3
    (3R,4R,5R)-3,4-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-5-trimethylsilanyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-butylidene-3-propyl-oxetan-2-one 5659-16-5 C10H16O2
    4-butylidene-3-propyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— hexyl 2-[(3R,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-3-furanyl]acetate 1071448-29-7 C14H24O4
    hexyl 2-[(3R,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-3-furanyl]acetate
    —— (3R,4S,6S)-6-[2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one 632339-29-8 C24H32O4Si
    (3R,4S,6S)-6-[2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (+)-dihydrocompactin 78366-44-6 C23H36O5
    (+)-dihydrocompactin
    —— 1-Hydroxy-4,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one 89590-43-2 C10H16O3
    1-Hydroxy-4,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one
    —— 10-dodecanolide 140389-82-8 C12H22O2
    10-dodecanolide
    —— 9-dodecanolide 140390-00-7 C12H22O2
    9-dodecanolide
    —— (3S,4S,6S)-5,5-dideutero-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-6-undecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1535171-17-5 C27H44O4Si
    (3S,4S,6S)-5,5-dideutero-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-6-undecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-dimethyl(phenyl)silyl-5-butyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1353637-80-5 C16H24O2Si
    (4S,5R)-4-dimethyl(phenyl)silyl-5-butyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-5-ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1353637-78-1 C14H20O2Si
    (4S,5R)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-5-ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-Chloro-4-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one 89345-14-2 C9H15ClO2
    3-Chloro-4-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Chloro-5,5-diethyloxolan-2-one 89344-98-9 C8H13ClO2
    3-Chloro-5,5-diethyloxolan-2-one