内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-amino-3-(α-hydroxy-benzyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 103502-05-2 | C11H13NO3 |
| —— | (4R)-4-hydroxy-6-(2-phenyl-1-phenylselanylethyl)oxan-2-one | 121980-49-2 | C19H20O3Se |
| —— | cis-3-carboxy-3,4-dimethylbutyrolactone | 102651-56-9 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | 1301199-23-4 | C21H29F3O9SSi | |
| —— | 3-((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienyloxy)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1384192-64-6 | C22H38O3 |
| —— | 7-fluoro-10β-fluoromethyl-1β,8α-dimethylgibbane-1α,4aα-carbolactone | 77912-24-4 | C19H26F2O2 |
| —— | <3R-<3α,5α(S<sup>*</sup>)>>-5-(2-Cyclohexyl-1-hydroxyethyl)dihydro-3-isopropyl-2(3H)-furanone | 134922-55-7 | C15H26O3 |
| —— | 1,6-dioxadispiro<2.0.4.4>dodecan-7-one | 75229-63-9 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | <i>O</i><sup>5</sup>-methyl-D-gluconic acid-4-lactone | 13096-68-9 | C7H12O6 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-methoxy-3-methyloxolan-2-one | 78986-53-5 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | (4S,5R,6S)-4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-6-((E)-1-methyl-2-phenyl-vinyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 156624-90-7 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | (5-oxo-4-oxa-5-homoadamantane-1-yl)oxymethyl methacrylate | 1338917-21-7 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | (-)-8-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-trimethylsilyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydroisocoumarin | 126680-94-2 | C13H22O3Si |
| —— | (5R(S), 6R(S))-2,4-dioxo-5-methyl-6-phenyltetrahydro(2H)pyran | 86201-61-8 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | 11-hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-(4-methylpiperidino)-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-13(16)-ene-4,14-dione | 442158-56-7 | C21H29NO6 |
| —— | 3-Phenyl-2-oxa-octahydro-cyclopenta<b>pyran | 4355-39-9 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | 2,4-Ethyliden-D-glucuron | 108758-00-5 | C8H10O6 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1616798-93-6 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | (-)-7α-Hydroxy-3-oxo-6β-[3-oxo-1(E)-octenyl]-cis-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane | 60623-67-8 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | δ-brom-α-phenyl-α-ethoxycarbonyl-γ-valerolacton | 5281-73-2 | C14H15BrO4 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-Isopropyl-3-((S)-2-methylene-cyclohexyl)-[1,4]oxathian-2-one | 126424-47-3 | C14H22O2S |
| —— | (5S,8S)-3-oxo-5,8-diphenyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-4-carbonitrile | 1262326-41-9 | C20H17NO2 |
| —— | [(2S)-5-methyl-2-nonyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]methyl acetate | 202269-15-6 | C18H32O4 |
| —— | 4,4-Diethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 78715-65-8 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 86527-91-5 | C38H64N2O12 | |
| —— | 4-(tert-butyl)-4-methyloxetan-2-one | 99800-04-1 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | (Z)-5-(2-bromo-3-chloro-5-phenylpent-2-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1638667-47-6 | C15H16BrClO2 |
| —— | (S)-2,2-diethyl-3-hydroxybutanolide | 1228844-79-8 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-butyric acid (1S,3S,4aS,7S,8S,8aS)-3-(2-acetoxy-ethylsulfanyl)-8-[2-((2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-7-methyl-decahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 158391-08-3 | C28H46O7S |
| —— | (1R,7S)-9-Oxa-tricyclo[5.3.3.0<sup>1,7</sup>]tridecane-8,10-dione | 74942-81-7 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | (+-)-5,8anti-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2endo-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 100059-68-5 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | 3,3-Dimethyl-4-isobutyl-γ-butyrolacton | 91139-72-9 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 4,5,5-tributyl-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 93479-60-8 | C17H32O2 |
| —— | (E)-17-carboxygibberellin A<sub>4</sub> dimethyl ester | 129839-76-5 | C22H28O7 |
| —— | (4aR,7aS)-5,6-dimethyl-3,4,4a,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1,7-dione | 1589071-04-4 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 2,4-Benzyliden-D-glucuron-dibutylmercaptal | 113551-75-0 | C21H30O5S2 |
| —— | (1S,2R,3S,4R)-2-exo-cyano-3-exo-phenylbicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-endo-carboxylate of (R)-pantolactone | 142635-90-3 | C21H21NO4 |
| —— | D-Arabinose-diisobutyl-mercaptal-2,3:4,5-dicarbonat | 132105-47-6 | C15H24O6S2 |
| —— | 5-[(1S,2R)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-hexyl]-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxane-4,6-dione | 121644-17-5 | C29H40O5Si |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-2-propyl-oenanthsaeurelacton | 14928-94-0 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (R)-4-((R)-1,2-Dimethyl-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 313653-70-2 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 4-bromo-3,3-dimethoxy-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 854431-76-8 | C7H11BrO4 |
| —— | (2R,3R,6R,7R)-6-methoxy-2,3-diphenyl-7-vinyl-1,4-dioxocan-5-one | 1094450-38-0 | C21H22O4 |
| —— | 3-(3-Cyan-propyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran | 936-84-5 | C8H11NO2 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-4-methylene-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carbonitrile | 57735-29-2 | C8H9NO2 |
| —— | 4A,9-dibromo-3,3,6,10-tetramethyl-hexahydro-6,9-methano-pyrano[3,4-d]oxepin-1,8-dione | 109840-24-6 | C14H18Br2O4 |
| —— | 6,6-Dimethyl-3-phenylselanyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 85559-25-7 | C13H16O2Se |
| —— | 4(R),5(S),8(S)-4-acetoxy-8-{2-[3-((S)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl)-2(S),3(R)-2-methyl-oxiranyl]-1(S)-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl}-5-methyl-oxocan-2-one | 676252-02-1 | C21H34O7 |
| —— | Methylen-bis-(3,6-dioxo-2,9-dioxa-spiro<4.5>decan) | 101747-64-2 | C17H20O8 |
| —— | (2a<i>S</i>)-2a,5a,7<i>c</i>-trimethyl-(2a<i>r</i>,5a<i>t</i>,8a<i>c</i>,8b<i>c</i>)-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-<i>bc</i>]furan-2,6-dione | 54274-71-4 | C14H20O3 |
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