内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1057675-96-3 | C38H50O4Si | |
| —— | dihexyl-5,5 oxa-4,10 exo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>>decene-8 one-3 | 94192-04-8 | C21H34O2 |
| —— | (3S,4R,7R)-7-((R)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)propyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyloxepan-2-one | 215110-65-9 | C16H32O4Si |
| —— | 2-(4-azido-3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyryl)-γ-butyrolactone | 503570-28-3 | C9H13N3O4 |
| —— | 2,2'-dideuterio-3,5-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxyribonolactone | 131132-08-6 | C17H36O4Si2 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-but-3-enoic acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 79921-98-5 | C30H48O5Si |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-<(1S)-1-methoxy-3-butynyl>-3-methyl-5-<(pivaloyloxy)methyl>tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 172017-97-9 | C16H24O6 |
| —— | [(1S,3S,4aS,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate | 120417-23-4 | C30H54O5Si |
| —— | (1R,4S,6R,9S,10R,11S,12R,15S)-6-hydroxy-5,5,11,15-tetramethyl-9-phenyl-8-oxapentacyclo[13.2.1.01,12.04,11.06,10]octadec-16-ene-7,14-dione | 50719-32-9 | C27H32O4 |
| —— | (1S,3S,7S,8S)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-8-(2-((2R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl)-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl (E)-2-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)acrylate | 1383434-65-8 | C40H69BO8Si2 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl-3-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran | 217184-33-3 | C22H28O5Si |
| —— | (3aS,6aR,9aR,9bR)-9b-Methoxymethyl-4,7-dimethyl-3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-benzo[de]chromene-2,9-dione | 104199-05-5 | C16H20O4 |
| —— | Pedelacton | 4283-36-7 | C11H20O4 |
| —— | 1-Methylcyclohexan-cis-1,3-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid | 1197-76-8 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 7α-methoxy-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.1>nonane-2,4-dione | 113436-13-8 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | dihydro-3,3-bis(2-(chloromethyl)-2-propenyl)furan-2(3H)-one | 163012-34-8 | C12H16Cl2O2 |
| —— | 5-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethylhexanedioic acid (1β,6ς)-bis-spirolactone | 113308-90-0 | C15H26O5Si |
| —— | 4-amyloxymethyl-2-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)butanolide | 113643-65-5 | C14H25BrO4 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-(-)-5-(1'-iodo-1'(Z)-hexenyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1100356-61-3 | C11H17IO2 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-(+)-5-(1'-iodo-1'(Z)-hexenyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1100356-57-7 | C11H17IO2 |
| —— | (R)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone | 686724-17-4 | C12H24O4Si |
| —— | (1RS,4RS,5SR)-5-butyl-4-ethenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one | 910790-63-5 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | (S)-4-Benzyl-3-{(6E,8E)-(2R,3R,4S,5S,11S)-11-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methyl-2-[2-(2-methyl-[1,3]dithian-2-yl)-ethyl]-trideca-6,8-dien-12-ynoyl}-oxazolidin-2-one | 287717-29-7 | C47H59NO6S2Si |
| —— | lyxo-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxyhexano-γ-lactone hydrochloride | 110079-95-3 | C6H11NO3*ClH |
| —— | methyl (2R,3R)-2-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1199942-08-9 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 2-(3-Bromotetrahydro-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-furanyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium Bromide Hydrobromide | 90626-05-4 | 2BrH*C10H15BrN2O2 |
| —— | α-Brom-β,β-dimethylglutaranhydrid | 10545-46-7 | C7H9BrO3 |
| —— | (E)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-8-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-7-((triethylsilyl)oxy)-12-((E)-4-(trityloxy)but-2-en-2-yl)oxacyclododec-9-en-2-one | 1399680-29-5 | C48H70O6Si2 |
| —— | <1S-<1α,3α,7β,8β(2S*,4S*)8aβ>>-8-<2-<4-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>tetrahydro-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl>ethyl>-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-1-naphthalenyl 2-methylpropionate | 79902-36-6 | C29H48O5Si |
| —— | 3,3,5-trimethyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 112059-08-2 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 1362110-60-8 | C26H34O7 | |
| —— | 5-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-3-isobutyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 6723-00-8 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-3-trimethylsilanylmethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 75388-04-4 | C9H18O2Si |
| —— | (S)-4-[(E)-(1S,2R)-2-(Diethyl-isopropyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-pent-3-enyl]-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one | 128461-86-9 | C16H30O4Si |
| —— | 2(R),4(S)-dimethyl-3(R)-ethynyl-γ-butyrolactone | 162612-26-2 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | (3aR,7S,7aR)-3a,7,7a-Trimethyl-tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran-4-one | 109391-27-7 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 1-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-3-one | 15284-43-2 | C6H8O2 |
| —— | (S)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone | 686724-12-9 | C8H12O5 |
| —— | 2-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.0]octan-3-one | 71221-74-4 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,9aS,9bS)-6-methyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydrobenzo[de]chromen-4-yl acetate | 1294513-64-6 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | methyl 2-(2-oxo-5-propyloxolan-3-yl)acetate | 77755-99-8 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 3,5,5-Trimethyl-4-trimethylsilanyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 75401-05-7 | C11H22O2Si |
| —— | 1262033-15-7 | C12H14O3 | |
| —— | (S)-2-((3S,6S,7S,7aS)-6-Cyanomethyl-3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-propionitrile | 106350-85-0 | C15H20N2O2 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-butyl-4-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one | 133285-93-5 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-{2-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-6-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-8-(2-allyl-4-pentenoyloxy)-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}tetrahydro-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one | 159224-73-4 | C38H64O6Si2 |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-2-methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 79902-56-0 | C32H54O5Si |
| —— | 5-hydroxy-4-cyclopropyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one | 135386-88-8 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4,5-Dimethyl-4-vinyl-[1,3]dioxan-2-one | 139608-72-3 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (4S,5S,6R)-4-azido-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-one | 862900-38-7 | C12H23N3O3Si |
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