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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[5-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]pentyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C25H38N2O6
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[5-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]pentyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-[4-[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C24H34N2O6
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-[4-[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (3S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C12H22O4
    (3S,5S)-3-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6S,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3Z,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6S,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-hexyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H20O3
    (3S,5R)-3-hexyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R)-N-(3-methoxypropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO4
    (1R,4R)-N-(3-methoxypropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-prop-2-enyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C13H19NO3
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-prop-2-enyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— diethyl-[4-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium —— C17H30NO2+
    diethyl-[4-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium
    —— (1R,3S,4S,5R)-1,3,4-trihydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C7H10O5
    (1R,3S,4S,5R)-1,3,4-trihydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— [(3S,3aS,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate —— C17H20O5
    [(3S,3aS,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate
    —— (1S,5R,8S)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C10H15BrO2
    (1S,5R,8S)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R)-N-[(Z)-(2-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19ClN2O3
    (1R,4R)-N-[(Z)-(2-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— ethyl (3S,5S)-5-ethenyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C9H12O4
    ethyl (3S,5S)-5-ethenyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H25N3O3
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H20FNO3
    (1R,4R)-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H26N2O4
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H20ClNO3
    (1R,4R)-N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-N,N-dibenzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C24H27NO3
    (1R,4R)-N,N-dibenzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxo-3-propanoyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H19N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxo-3-propanoyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C12H16F3NO3
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— methyl (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C11H16O4
    methyl (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (3S,5S)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H15ClO3
    (3S,5S)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,3aS,9aS)-1,5,8-trimethyl-1,3a,4,9a-tetrahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione —— C15H16O3
    (1R,3aS,9aS)-1,5,8-trimethyl-1,3a,4,9a-tetrahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione
    —— (1-methylpiperidin-4-yl) (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H25NO4
    (1-methylpiperidin-4-yl) (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H21NO3
    (1R,4R)-N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea —— C10H17N3O3
    [(Z)-4-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C10H15NO3
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-N,N-bis(cyanomethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H17N3O3
    (1R,4R)-N,N-bis(cyanomethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3aS,4S,9aR,9bR)-4-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H16O5
    (3aS,4S,9aR,9bR)-4-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (1R,4R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H19NO4
    (1R,4R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C14H17N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-5-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H15N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-5-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C11H19N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(2S,4R)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C11H20N2O2S
    [(2S,4R)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— [(2S,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C8H14N2O2S
    [(2S,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C7H9NO2
    (3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (1R,2S,4R,5S)-4-bromo-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C9H11BrO4
    (1R,2S,4R,5S)-4-bromo-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2S,4R,5R)-4-bromo-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C9H11BrO4
    (1S,2S,4R,5R)-4-bromo-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S,5R)-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H16O2
    (3S,5R)-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3aS,4R,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde —— C8H10O3
    (3aS,4R,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde
    —— (5R)-5-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O2
    (5R)-5-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H14O4
    (3S)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3aR,6aR)-3,3-dichloro-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C7H8Cl2O2
    (3aR,6aR)-3,3-dichloro-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1R,3S,6R,8S,9S)-8-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one —— C9H12O2
    (1R,3S,6R,8S,9S)-8-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one
    —— (3R,7S)-3-methyl-7-propan-2-yloxepan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (3R,7S)-3-methyl-7-propan-2-yloxepan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-4,5-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3R,4R,5S)-4,5-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— [(4S)-4-ethyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C11H16O4
    [(4S)-4-ethyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate