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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-nonadecyloxolan-2-one —— C24H46O3
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-nonadecyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(Furan-3-yl)-7-methoxy-4,10-dimethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[6.5.2.01,9.02,6]pentadeca-2(6),10-diene-3,14-dione —— C21H22O5
    5-(Furan-3-yl)-7-methoxy-4,10-dimethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[6.5.2.01,9.02,6]pentadeca-2(6),10-diene-3,14-dione
    —— 4,7-dimethyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one —— C10H14O2
    4,7-dimethyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one
    —— Stramonin-B 65179-88-6 C15H18O4
    Stramonin-B
    —— 4-methyl-2-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)-2H-furan-5-one —— C10H12O4
    4-methyl-2-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)-2H-furan-5-one
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5'-(3-methoxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-2,11-dimethyl-6-methylidene-4'-(3-oxobutyl)spiro[8-oxatetracyclo[9.2.2.01,10.05,9]pentadec-12-ene-15,3'-oxolane]-2',7-dione —— C31H38O8
    2-Hydroxy-5'-(3-methoxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-2,11-dimethyl-6-methylidene-4'-(3-oxobutyl)spiro[8-oxatetracyclo[9.2.2.01,10.05,9]pentadec-12-ene-15,3'-oxolane]-2',7-dione
    —— 10-Hepta-1,3-dienyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-en-1-one —— C17H24O6
    10-Hepta-1,3-dienyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-en-1-one
    —— β-Campholide 1126-91-6 C10H16O2
    β-Campholide
    —— 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-6-(1-methylbutyl)- —— C12H22O2
    2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-6-(1-methylbutyl)-
    —— 4-Methyl-9-methylidene-14-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-13-one —— C20H30O3
    4-Methyl-9-methylidene-14-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-13-one
    —— 8-ethenyl-4,4,6a,8,10b-pentamethyl-3-oxo-4a,5,6,9,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-f]chromene-1-carboxylic acid —— C20H30O5
    8-ethenyl-4,4,6a,8,10b-pentamethyl-3-oxo-4a,5,6,9,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-f]chromene-1-carboxylic acid
    —— Methyl 3-[5-(furan-3-yl)-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]-2-(3-hydroxybutyl)-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate —— C21H28O6
    Methyl 3-[5-(furan-3-yl)-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]-2-(3-hydroxybutyl)-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate
    —— 3-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]-5-methoxyoxolan-2-one —— C21H32O3
    3-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]-5-methoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4-[(3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl)oxy]-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C30H32O7
    6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4-[(3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl)oxy]-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— alpha-Carboxy-delta-nonalactone —— C10H16O4
    alpha-Carboxy-delta-nonalactone
    —— 3-Ethyl-15,17,21-trihydroxy-4,6,16,20-tetramethyl-24-oxapentacyclo[20.2.1.01,6.011,20.014,19]pentacosa-4,8,12,21-tetraene-23,25-dione —— C30H40O6
    3-Ethyl-15,17,21-trihydroxy-4,6,16,20-tetramethyl-24-oxapentacyclo[20.2.1.01,6.011,20.014,19]pentacosa-4,8,12,21-tetraene-23,25-dione
    —— 6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H18O2
    6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— Propan-2-yl 3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C13H20O4
    Propan-2-yl 3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— 1,3,7,7,11,16,21,21-Octamethyl-2,20-dioxapentacyclo[13.9.0.03,12.06,11.016,22]tetracosan-19-one —— C30H50O3
    1,3,7,7,11,16,21,21-Octamethyl-2,20-dioxapentacyclo[13.9.0.03,12.06,11.016,22]tetracosan-19-one
    —— 5-(Methoxymethyl)-3-octadeca-13,17-dien-9,11-diynyloxolan-2-one —— C24H34O3
    5-(Methoxymethyl)-3-octadeca-13,17-dien-9,11-diynyloxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Hydroxy-11-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-2,8-dioxatetracyclo[8.2.1.04,12.07,11]tridecane-3,9-dione —— C15H20O5
    6-Hydroxy-11-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-2,8-dioxatetracyclo[8.2.1.04,12.07,11]tridecane-3,9-dione
    —— 4-Methyl-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 81469-39-8 C10H16O2
    4-Methyl-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— Butanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-,1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthalenyl ester,[1S-[1a,3a,7b,8b(2S*,4S*),8ab]]- —— C25H38O6
    Butanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-,1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthalenyl ester,[1S-[1a,3a,7b,8b(2S*,4S*),8ab]]-
    —— 9,12-Dihydroxy-6,10,14,15,21,22-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacos-9-ene-8,25-dione —— C29H40O6
    9,12-Dihydroxy-6,10,14,15,21,22-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacos-9-ene-8,25-dione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-14-phenyltetradecyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C26H42O4
    4-Hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-14-phenyltetradecyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 15-Acetyl-5-prop-1-en-2-yl-10-oxatetracyclo[9.3.1.02,7.08,12]pentadecane-3,9,14-trione —— C19H22O5
    15-Acetyl-5-prop-1-en-2-yl-10-oxatetracyclo[9.3.1.02,7.08,12]pentadecane-3,9,14-trione
    —— 5,6,15-Trimethyl-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadec-11-ene-3,10-dione —— C16H20O4
    5,6,15-Trimethyl-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadec-11-ene-3,10-dione
    —— 5-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-3-[(3-methyl-2-oxo-3H-furan-5-yl)oxymethylidene]-3a,4,5,6,7,8b-hexahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one —— C19H22O6
    5-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-3-[(3-methyl-2-oxo-3H-furan-5-yl)oxymethylidene]-3a,4,5,6,7,8b-hexahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— 3,8-Dihydroxy-8-(3-hydroxybut-1-enyl)-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C13H20O5
    3,8-Dihydroxy-8-(3-hydroxybut-1-enyl)-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-6-phenethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C13H16O3
    4-hydroxy-6-phenethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 3,7-Dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-6-carboxylic acid —— C12H16O4
    3,7-Dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-6-carboxylic acid
    —— 4,4,7,8a-tetramethylspiro[2,3,4a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-8,5'-oxolane]-2'-one —— C17H28O2
    4,4,7,8a-tetramethylspiro[2,3,4a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-8,5'-oxolane]-2'-one
    —— [1-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethyl]-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-2-yl] hydrogen sulfate —— C20H30O8S
    [1-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethyl]-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-2-yl] hydrogen sulfate
    —— 3,4'-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5'-methylspiro[5,10-dioxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecane-4,2'-oxane]-9-one —— C15H22O7
    3,4'-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5'-methylspiro[5,10-dioxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecane-4,2'-oxane]-9-one
    —— 3-Methyl-8,12-dimethylidene-6,18-dioxatricyclo[14.2.1.05,9]nonadeca-3,16(19)-diene-7,13,17-trione —— C20H22O5
    3-Methyl-8,12-dimethylidene-6,18-dioxatricyclo[14.2.1.05,9]nonadeca-3,16(19)-diene-7,13,17-trione
    —— (5,9-Dimethyl-13-methylidene-12-oxo-4,11-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.03,5]tridec-8-en-7-yl) acetate —— C16H20O5
    (5,9-Dimethyl-13-methylidene-12-oxo-4,11-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.03,5]tridec-8-en-7-yl) acetate
    —— 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-methylpropanoyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H14O4
    4-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-methylpropanoyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-10-methyl-5-methylidene-11-oxo-12-oxapentacyclo[8.3.3.24,7.01,9.02,7]octadecane-8-carboxylic acid —— C20H26O5
    4-Hydroxy-10-methyl-5-methylidene-11-oxo-12-oxapentacyclo[8.3.3.24,7.01,9.02,7]octadecane-8-carboxylic acid
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-10-methylidene-12-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,5]trideca-2,5-diene-4,11-dione —— C15H16O3
    2,6-Dimethyl-10-methylidene-12-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,5]trideca-2,5-diene-4,11-dione
    —— 5-[5-(1-Hydroxyethyl)furan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H12O4
    5-[5-(1-Hydroxyethyl)furan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 9,10,12-Trimethyl-9-[2-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C20H28O4
    9,10,12-Trimethyl-9-[2-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— 5-(3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methyl-4-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H18O5
    5-(3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methyl-4-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H18O3
    4-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 6-Decyl-3-methylidene-2-oxooxane-4-carboxylic acid —— C17H28O4
    6-Decyl-3-methylidene-2-oxooxane-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 5-tricosanolide 159190-67-7 C23H44O2
    5-tricosanolide
    —— 5-Ethyl-5-(2-ethyl-4-methyloct-1-enyl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C17H30O3
    5-Ethyl-5-(2-ethyl-4-methyloct-1-enyl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3-Methyl-8,12-dimethylidene-13-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradecan-9-yl) acetate —— C17H22O5
    (3-Methyl-8,12-dimethylidene-13-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradecan-9-yl) acetate
    —— 4,8,10-Trimethylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,6'-oxane]-2',3-dione —— C18H26O4
    4,8,10-Trimethylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,6'-oxane]-2',3-dione
    —— 5-[5-(1-Methoxyethyl)furan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H14O4
    5-[5-(1-Methoxyethyl)furan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-3a,4,5,6a,7,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H22O6
    (6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-3a,4,5,6a,7,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate