内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (5S,6R)-6-Fluoro-4,4-dimethyl-5-phenylselanyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 128259-80-3 | C13H15FO2Se |
| —— | (R)-3-Allyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-but-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 102631-82-3 | C12H17NO4 |
| —— | 3-deoxy-3-tris(methylthio)methyl-5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-D-arabino-1,4-lactone | 105676-45-7 | C25H34O4S3Si |
| —— | 5.6-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-tetrahydropyron-(2) | 100612-12-2 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (+)-(5R,1'R)-3-Methyl-5-(2',2'-dimethylspiro<2.4>hepta-4',6'-dien-1'-yl)-6-oxa-2-cyclohexenone | 126899-50-1 | C15H18O2 |
| —— | 1380424-82-7 | C9H12F3NO3 | |
| —— | α-ethyloxalyl-δ,δ-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone | 174970-08-2 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | (4S,4aS,5S,7aR,8R)-4a,8-Dimethyl-4,5-bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-3a,4,4a,5,7a,8,9,9a-octahydro-3H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one | 72341-80-1 | C20H36O4Si2 |
| —— | 2(R)-t-butoxycarbonylamino-2-(5R-iodomethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3(S)-yl)acetic acid allyl ester | 207120-18-1 | C15H22INO6 |
| —— | 1,4-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2<i>endo</i>,3<i>endo</i>-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 105208-24-0 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 2-chloroformylmethyl-4-methyl-4-pentanolide | 479546-51-5 | C8H11ClO3 |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-2-(3-oxopentyl)butanoic acid γ-lactone | 99440-45-6 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (1S*,5R*,6S*,7S*)-6,7-Dibrom-1,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-on | 111138-91-1 | C9H12Br2O2 |
| —— | (1S,5S,6R)-6-Hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one | 128039-88-3 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 4,5-dimethyl-5-nonyloxolan-2-one | 111748-84-6 | C15H28O2 |
| —— | α-Acetyl-δ-isopentyloxy-γ-valerolacton | 81840-74-6 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | 17β-hydroxy-6-oxa-B-homo-5α-androst-2-en-7-one 17-acetate | 114211-98-2 | C21H30O4 |
| —— | 4bβ-Hydroxy-1α.9β-dimethoxycarbonyl-1β-methyl-2-oxo-4aα.9aβ-perhydrofluorenyl-essigsaeure-(8aβ)-4b-lacton | 99785-13-4 | C20H26O7 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-3-methylamino-3-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 208048-99-1 | C11H21NO2 |
| —— | (1S,4aR,7S,7aR)-7-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one | 119433-17-9 | C15H28O3Si |
| —— | (2S,3R)-2-Allyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide | 110794-94-0 | C13H21NO3 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-5-(iodomethyl)-3-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one | 131175-64-9 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | (1S,6R,8R)-3,3-Dimethyl-5-oxo-2,4-dioxa-tricyclo[6.6.0.01,6]tetradecane-13,13-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester | 109950-37-0 | C18H26O7 |
| —— | 5-(p-tolyl)oxepan-2-one | 1402080-46-9 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | <3R,5S,6R,6(1S,3R)>-6-<3-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-1-methoxybutan-1-yl>-5-methoxy-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 118227-57-9 | C16H28O4S2 |
| —— | (+/-)-3ξ-ethoxy-(3a<i>r</i>,7a<i>c</i>)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-3<i>H</i>-isobenzofuran-1-one | 14250-41-0 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 1427029-77-3 | C18H30O6Si | |
| —— | 5-Cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-3,6-dihydro-pyran-2-one | 83953-46-2 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-2,2,5-trimethyl-4-oxo-5-hexanolide | 130469-63-5 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 3-Diphenylphosphanyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2,5-dione | 128894-20-2 | C17H15O3P |
| —— | exo-8-hydroxy-1,5,5-trimethyl-4-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>octan-3-one | 82740-92-9 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (2R,3S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-tetradecylidenetetrahydrofuran-3-yl methanesulfonate | 89448-52-2 | C20H36O5S |
| —— | 5,5-Dimethyl-3-(3'-hydroxy-2'-oxo-5'-methyl-2',5'-dihydrofuryl)-Δ2-isoxazolin | 72900-60-8 | C10H13NO4 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-3-propyloxolan-2-one | 80348-85-2 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | (1S,2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2,4,5,6-tetrahydroxycyclohexane-1,3-diyl (1S,1'S,4R,4'R)-bis(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate) | 194864-12-5 | C26H36O12 |
| —— | (1R,3S,5R)-3-Hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-2-methylene-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 479541-26-9 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | isobromocorianin | 108887-43-0 | C15H19BrO7 |
| —— | (+-)-trans-3-ethyl-4-iodomethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 41406-40-0 | C7H11IO2 |
| —— | (2S,3S)-2-Isopropyl-4-oxo-3,N-diphenyl-oxetane-3-carboximidothioic acid methyl ester | 73688-19-4 | C20H21NO2S |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3-[(E)-3-iodoprop-2-enyl]-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile | 1041186-47-3 | C9H10INO2 |
| —— | (1aR,3aR,6aS,6bR)-1a,6,6a,6b-Tetrahydro-1H,3aH-4-oxa-cyclopropa[e]inden-5-one | 85267-48-7 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | Mannurono-δ-lacton-diaethyl-thioacetal | 4435-03-4 | C10H18O5S2 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-(iodomethyl)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one | 131175-63-8 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5S)-4-(dimethylphenylsilyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(5-methylhexyl)-2(3H)-furanone | 214210-37-4 | C20H32O2Si |
| —— | 7-bromo-3,7-dideoxy-D-gluco-heptono-1,4-lactone | 116386-11-9 | C7H11BrO5 |
| —— | 3-Methylene-5-(5-oxo-hexyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 98061-51-9 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | α,α-Bis-(α,γ-dimethyl-γ-valerolactonyl) | 92372-80-0 | C14H22O4 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-(but-3-en-1-yl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1424344-00-2 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (4RS,6RS)-4-acetoxy-6-phenylterahydropyran-2-one | 113331-90-1 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | (1S<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>,8S<sup>*</sup>)-1-acetonyl-8-butyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one | 84242-95-5 | C14H22O3 |
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