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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1R,3R,4R)-1,4-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-(furan-3-yl)cyclohex-5-ene-1,3-carbolactone 862791-62-6 C23H38O5Si2
    (1R,3R,4R)-1,4-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-(furan-3-yl)cyclohex-5-ene-1,3-carbolactone
    —— (1R,4S,6R)-6-bromo-1-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one 203632-82-0 C8H11BrO2
    (1R,4S,6R)-6-bromo-1-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one
    —— cis-3-Oxabicyclo<4.3.0>-nonane-4,8-dione 145448-46-0 C8H10O3
    cis-3-Oxabicyclo<4.3.0>-nonane-4,8-dione
    —— α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone-β-carboxylic acid 93913-58-7 C6H6O4
    α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone-β-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 54394-88-6 C8H14O3
    3-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (S,S)-6,7-dimethyl-2-oxepanone 385424-00-0 C8H14O2
    (S,S)-6,7-dimethyl-2-oxepanone
    —— (S)-(-)-3-butyloxan-2-one 61198-48-9 C9H16O2
    (S)-(-)-3-butyloxan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-isobutyl-3-((phenylselanyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 57566-87-7 C15H20O2Se
    (5S)-5-isobutyl-3-((phenylselanyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2R<sup>*</sup>,4R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>)-6-ethyl-tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one 90290-47-4 C9H16O2
    (2R<sup>*</sup>,4R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>)-6-ethyl-tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,5R,8S,9R,12S,13R)-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,15,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecane-10,14-dione 127681-75-8 C16H22O5
    (1R,4S,5R,8S,9R,12S,13R)-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,15,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecane-10,14-dione
    —— (1R,4S,5R,8S,9R,12R,13R)-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,15,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-14-one 127681-74-7 C16H24O4
    (1R,4S,5R,8S,9R,12R,13R)-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,15,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-14-one
    —— (1aR,5aR,5bS,6S,7S)-6,7-di-tert-butoxy-5-oxo-pyrrolidino[1,2-b]isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydropyran 291304-46-6 C17H29NO5
    (1aR,5aR,5bS,6S,7S)-6,7-di-tert-butoxy-5-oxo-pyrrolidino[1,2-b]isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydropyran
    —— α-Phenyl-γ-fluorotetronic acid 108221-62-1 C10H7FO3
    α-Phenyl-γ-fluorotetronic acid
    —— (S)-5-isopropyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one 1072956-21-8 C9H14O2
    (S)-5-isopropyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (3aS,4Z,6E,10S,11aR)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-10-methyl-10-trimethylsilyloxy-3,3a,8,9,11,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one 1160724-91-3 C22H40O4Si2
    (3aS,4Z,6E,10S,11aR)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-10-methyl-10-trimethylsilyloxy-3,3a,8,9,11,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— (5R)-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1072956-02-5 C12H23O5P
    (5R)-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (5S)-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1072955-99-7 C12H23O5P
    (5S)-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (R)-5-isopropyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one 1072956-24-1 C9H14O2
    (R)-5-isopropyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-pentyl-4-[tris(methylthio)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one 897657-57-7 C13H24O2S3
    (4S,5R)-5-pentyl-4-[tris(methylthio)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— (2S,3R)-(-)-5-oxo-2-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid 142188-51-0 C10H16O4
    (2S,3R)-(-)-5-oxo-2-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (4R,5S)-5-pentyl-4-[tris(methylthio)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one 897657-66-8 C13H24O2S3
    (4R,5S)-5-pentyl-4-[tris(methylthio)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— (R)-5-tert-butyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one 1072956-31-0 C10H16O2
    (R)-5-tert-butyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-tert-butyl-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran 1072956-09-2 C13H25O5P
    (5S)-5-tert-butyl-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— (R)-5-ethyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one 1072956-26-3 C8H12O2
    (R)-5-ethyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (1'S,3R,5S,6S)-(+)-6-<1'-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)propyl>-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 130514-54-4 C27H38O3Si
    (1'S,3R,5S,6S)-(+)-6-<1'-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)propyl>-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 4-isopropyl-3-trimethylsilanyl-oxetan-2-one 139609-11-3 C9H18O2Si
    4-isopropyl-3-trimethylsilanyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— (-)-β-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone 110098-10-7 C6H8O2
    (-)-β-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (+)-β-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone 62322-50-3 C6H8O2
    (+)-β-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3R,6S)-6-Methoxymethoxymethyl-3-methyl-6-nonyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 217443-59-9 C18H34O4
    (3R,6S)-6-Methoxymethoxymethyl-3-methyl-6-nonyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (1RS,4RS,5RS)-4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one 19914-91-1 C7H9BrO2
    (1RS,4RS,5RS)-4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one
    —— (1S,2R,3aR,3bS,4aR,5aS,8aR,8bS)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-1,3b-dimethyl-6-methylenedecahydrooxireno[2',3':7,8]azuleno[4,5-b]furan-7(2H)-one 1207105-76-7 C21H34O4Si
    (1S,2R,3aR,3bS,4aR,5aS,8aR,8bS)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-1,3b-dimethyl-6-methylenedecahydrooxireno[2',3':7,8]azuleno[4,5-b]furan-7(2H)-one
    —— (4R,5R,6S)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-((E)-7-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)hept-2-en-2-yl)-4-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1375478-76-4 C37H58O4Si2
    (4R,5R,6S)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-((E)-7-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)hept-2-en-2-yl)-4-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,6R)-3-dodecanoyl-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one 949935-54-0 C19H34O3
    (3S,4S,6R)-3-dodecanoyl-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3R,3aR,6aR)-3-[(S)-(2-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-1-hydroxyethyl)]-2-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d]isoxazol-5-one 1344662-15-2 C28H37NO7Si
    (3R,3aR,6aR)-3-[(S)-(2-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-1-hydroxyethyl)]-2-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d]isoxazol-5-one
    —— 5-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-on 80922-71-0 C7H12O3
    5-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-on
    —— (3R,3aR,6aR)-3-[(S)-2-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-2-hydroxyethyl]-2-methyl-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d]isoxazole-5-one 1344662-17-4 C24H31NO5Si
    (3R,3aR,6aR)-3-[(S)-2-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-2-hydroxyethyl]-2-methyl-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d]isoxazole-5-one
    —— (3R,3aR,6aR)-3-[(S)-2-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d]isoxazol-5-one 1344662-16-3 C23H29NO5Si
    (3R,3aR,6aR)-3-[(S)-2-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d]isoxazol-5-one
    —— (4R,5S)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R)-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxofuran-2-yl]oxazolidine-2-one 1344662-04-9 C25H31NO6Si
    (4R,5S)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R)-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxofuran-2-yl]oxazolidine-2-one
    —— Ethyl 4,5-dioxo-3-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate 170450-61-0 C13H12O5
    Ethyl 4,5-dioxo-3-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8-<(trimethylsilyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-1,2,6,8a(R)-tetrahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyranone 143746-93-4 C28H48O4Si2
    6(R)-<2-<8-<(trimethylsilyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-1,2,6,8a(R)-tetrahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyranone
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136432-08-1 C32H58O5Si2
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8-oxo-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136432-01-4 C25H40O4Si
    6(R)-<2-<8-oxo-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136432-07-0 C26H44O5Si
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136432-09-2 C38H68O6Si2
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8-oxo-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136432-06-9 C26H42O5Si
    6(R)-<2-<8-oxo-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136431-98-6 C26H40O6
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid 1188416-37-6 C7H10O4
    4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— cis-octahydro-2H-cyclohepta<b>furan-2-one 3724-99-0 C9H14O2
    cis-octahydro-2H-cyclohepta<b>furan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-allyl-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran 1072956-15-0 C12H21O5P
    (5R)-5-allyl-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 81644-93-1 C6H10O3
    5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one