内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1,2-Dehydro-12-oxomarrubiastrol | 67362-66-7 | C20H22O5 |
| —— | 7-Methyl-8-methylene-5-oxa-spiro[3.4]octan-6-one | 128813-11-6 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 475232-92-9 | C6H8O2 | |
| —— | Acetic acid (8R,9R)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-tricyclo[6.4.0.0<sup>4,9</sup>]dodec-5-en-10-yl ester | 66278-34-0 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | 4-Isopropylidenpentanolid | 63704-14-3 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (3aS,5S,9aS,10S,12S,13S,13aR,13bS)-12-chloro-5,13-dihydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-6,9a,14,14-tetramethyl-10-((triethylsilyl)oxy)-4,5,9,9a,10,11,12,13,13a,13b-decahydro-8H-3a,7-methanobenzo[3,4]cyclodeca[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole-2,8-dione | 153145-33-6 | C27H43ClO8Si |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid | 90674-02-5 | C9H12O5 |
| —— | 6-Ethyl-3-methylene-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 65461-07-6 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 4-Hexadecylidene-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one | 1526904-25-5 | C33H62O2 |
| —— | (4aS,8R,8aS)-8-Bromo-4a,6,8-trimethyl-4,4a,8,8a-tetrahydro-3H-chromene-2,7-dione | 67471-88-9 | C12H15BrO3 |
| —— | tert-butyl ((1S,5S,6R)-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate | 1431611-25-4 | C12H19NO4 |
| —— | 3-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-5,5-dimethyl-3-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-89-1 | C15H28O3 |
| —— | 17-(4-bromophenyl)-16-oxadispiro[5.1.6.3]heptadecane-7,15-dione | 1220995-62-9 | C22H27BrO3 |
| —— | 1360447-37-5 | C17H19NO4 | |
| —— | 3-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-85-7 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | 1,3-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid-1,3-anhydride-2-methyl ester | 854710-46-6 | C12H16O5 |
| —— | 1397692-77-1 | C21H26O2Si | |
| —— | Bisnordeoxyvernolepin | 59076-95-8 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | (Z)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-decylideneoxolan-2-one | 717123-23-4 | C16H28O4 |
| —— | (E)-(1S,8R,9R)-4-((Z)-1-Chloro-propenyl)-8-methyl-6,12-dioxa-tricyclo[6.2.2.0<sup>1,9</sup>]dodec-3-ene-2,5,11-trione | 60958-78-3 | C14H13ClO5 |
| —— | 3,3-Dimethyl-cis-5-hydroxy-trans-2-<3-oxo-trans-octenyl-(1)>-cyclopentan-essigsaeure-(1)-γ-lacton | 68578-36-9 | C17H26O3 |
| —— | (+)-(R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)oxepan-2-one | 1402080-73-2 | C12H13ClO2 |
| —— | (1S,4S,4'R,5R)-4'-(1-hydroxybut-3-enyl)spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-5,3'-oxolane]-2'-one | 1384477-57-9 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | cis-4,5-Dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carbonsaeure-amid | 13916-72-8 | C7H11NO3 |
| —— | meso-bi(4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxomorpholin-3-yl) | 136476-51-2 | C14H24N2O4 |
| —— | 4-(hexylsulfanylmethyl)oxetan-2-one | 108615-98-1 | C10H18O2S |
| —— | (3aR,4S,6S,7S,7aR)-7-Bromo-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-6-methoxy-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2-one | 137334-48-6 | C15H27BrO5Si |
| —— | rel-(7R)-7-Methyl-11-oxo-10-oxabicyclo<5.4.1>dodeca-1,5-diene | 139026-02-1 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | (S)-5-Hexyl-3-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one | 101693-58-7 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (4aS,7aS)-3,3-Dimethyl-7a-((Z)-propenyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one | 98944-11-7 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | (4aS,8aS,12aR,16aR)-perhydrodipyrano<3,2-b:3',2'-h><1,7>dioxacyclododecane-6,14-dione | 103710-74-3 | C16H24O6 |
| —— | (1S,4S,4'R,5R)-4'-(2-oxobutyl)spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-5,3'-oxolane]-2'-one | 1384477-76-2 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | 5-aminomethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid amide | 861357-09-7 | C6H10N2O3 |
| —— | (E)-4,4,7-Trimethyl-2-oxo-6-hydroximino-2H,4H,5H,6H,7H-furo-<3,4-b>pyran | 72900-51-7 | C10H13NO4 |
| —— | 5-(1'-iodo-1'(Z)-hexenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1100356-33-9 | C10H15IO2 |
| —— | (3aR,3bR,6aS,6bS)-Tetrahydro-2,5-dioxa-cyclobutadicyclopentene-1,4-dione | 31351-34-5 | C8H8O4 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-86-8 | C12H22O3 |
| —— | (3S,5R,6R)-6-((1R,3R)-1,3-Dimethyl-pent-4-enyl)-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 129117-27-7 | C14H24O2 |
| —— | rel-(3aR,4R,7aS)-4-hydroxy-6-(methoxymethoxymethyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzo<b>furan-2(3H)-one | 92463-80-4 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | (1S,5S,7R)-7-Methyl-3,6-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one | 136596-86-6 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (1S,7S)-9-Oxo-8-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undeca-4,10-diene-10-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 69697-27-4 | C12H12O4 |
| —— | (R)-3-fluoromethyl-δ-valerolacton | 132868-50-9 | C6H9FO2 |
| —— | (S)-6-[(S)-((S)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-hydroxy-methyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 129694-19-5 | C11H18O5 |
| —— | 2-Butyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxa-spiro[5.5]undecan-4-one | 74942-36-2 | C14H24O3 |
| —— | ((R)-2-Iodomethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 551964-17-1 | C11H18INO4 |
| —— | 2-(2-Oxopropyliden)-γ-valerolacton | 53143-36-5 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3S,3aS,6R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-acetyl-3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-vinyl-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-yl ester | 303179-39-7 | C17H24O5 |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,6R<sup>*</sup>)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-6-phenyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 135974-03-7 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 6-endo-Hydroxy-3-methylenbicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-2-endo-carbonsaeure-γ-lacton | 24657-47-4 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-benzyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1423026-42-9 | C12H14O3 |
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