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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— djalonenol —— C10H16O4
    djalonenol
    —— 5a-ethenyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-9-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-furo[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione —— C15H18O5
    5a-ethenyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-9-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-furo[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione
    —— 5-Dec-9-enyl-3-[2,3-di(propan-2-yloxy)propyl]oxolan-2-one —— C23H42O4
    5-Dec-9-enyl-3-[2,3-di(propan-2-yloxy)propyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C12H22O4
    3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 8-Chloro-5-(3,5-dimethylhepta-1,3-dienyl)-12-methoxy-10,14-dimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione —— C26H31ClO6
    8-Chloro-5-(3,5-dimethylhepta-1,3-dienyl)-12-methoxy-10,14-dimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione
    —— 4-hydroxy-6-pentyl-δ-lactone —— C10H18O3
    4-hydroxy-6-pentyl-δ-lactone
    —— 13-Bromo-1,3,4-trihydroxy-5,10-dimethyl-14-propan-2-yl-12-oxatricyclo[8.2.2.02,7]tetradeca-2(7),3,5-trien-11-one —— C18H23BrO5
    13-Bromo-1,3,4-trihydroxy-5,10-dimethyl-14-propan-2-yl-12-oxatricyclo[8.2.2.02,7]tetradeca-2(7),3,5-trien-11-one
    —— 9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-5,9-dihydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one —— C20H28O5
    9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-5,9-dihydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one
    —— Methyl 2-[6-(furan-3-yl)-10,11,14-trihydroxy-17-(1-hydroxyethoxy)-5,15-dimethyl-8-oxo-7-oxapentacyclo[13.2.1.02,11.05,10.012,17]octadecan-18-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate —— C28H38O11
    Methyl 2-[6-(furan-3-yl)-10,11,14-trihydroxy-17-(1-hydroxyethoxy)-5,15-dimethyl-8-oxo-7-oxapentacyclo[13.2.1.02,11.05,10.012,17]octadecan-18-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— 10-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-methylidene-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-8-en-13-one —— C15H20O4
    10-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-methylidene-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-8-en-13-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-γ-butyrolacton 87683-09-8 C5H8O3
    3-hydroxy-2-methyl-γ-butyrolacton
    —— (6,9-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C18H26O7
    (6,9-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— 3,15-Dihydroxy-8-methyl-9-non-1-enyl-10,13-dioxatetracyclo[9.2.2.01,5.06,11]pentadec-7-en-12-one —— C23H34O5
    3,15-Dihydroxy-8-methyl-9-non-1-enyl-10,13-dioxatetracyclo[9.2.2.01,5.06,11]pentadec-7-en-12-one
    —— 12-Hydroxy-2,7,11-trimethyl-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-2-en-6-one —— C15H22O4
    12-Hydroxy-2,7,11-trimethyl-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-2-en-6-one
    —— 3-[(2-oxo-5-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-3-yl)methyl]-2H-furan-5-one —— C12H14O4
    3-[(2-oxo-5-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-3-yl)methyl]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— (4,6,12,13,15-Pentaacetyloxy-3-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C36H50O16
    (4,6,12,13,15-Pentaacetyloxy-3-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-[2-[6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,6,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-1,3,4,4a,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C21H32O5
    4-Hydroxy-3-[2-[6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,6,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-1,3,4,4a,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (12,16-Dimethyl-4-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxapentacyclo[10.6.0.02,9.03,7.014,16]octadecan-9-yl)methyl acetate —— C22H30O5
    (12,16-Dimethyl-4-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxapentacyclo[10.6.0.02,9.03,7.014,16]octadecan-9-yl)methyl acetate
    —— 5-Hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one —— C6H10O3
    5-Hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxyoxan-2-one —— C5H8O4
    4,5-Dihydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 3-methoxy-3-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C10H15O6P
    3-methoxy-3-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 13,15-Dihydroxy-3-[1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoxy]-5-methylidene-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-6-one —— C19H24O9
    13,15-Dihydroxy-3-[1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoxy]-5-methylidene-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-6-one
    —— (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) hydrogen sulfate —— C15H18O7S
    (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) hydrogen sulfate
    —— 5-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-6,8,8-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a,7,9-octahydroazuleno[4,5-c]furan-1-one —— C16H24O4
    5-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-6,8,8-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a,7,9-octahydroazuleno[4,5-c]furan-1-one
    —— 5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(5-Oxohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)oxolan-2-one 350811-09-5 C10H12O3
    5-(5-Oxohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— Antimycinolactol A1 92017-12-4 C11H20O3
    Antimycinolactol A1
    —— 4-[3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-4-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)but-1-enyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C15H20O5
    4-[3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-4-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)but-1-enyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) prop-2-ynoate —— C9H10O4
    (4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) prop-2-ynoate
    —— Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one 85646-65-7 C8H14O3
    Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 1-Ethyl-1-methyl-1a,3a,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c][2]benzofuran-3-one —— C12H16O2
    1-Ethyl-1-methyl-1a,3a,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c][2]benzofuran-3-one
    —— 4-Docos-17-en-13,15-diynyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C27H42O3
    4-Docos-17-en-13,15-diynyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Methylidene-5-[2-methyl-4-(4-methylidene-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)-3-oxobutyl]oxolan-2-one —— C15H18O5
    3-Methylidene-5-[2-methyl-4-(4-methylidene-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)-3-oxobutyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4,8,11,15-Tetramethyl-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadec-14-en-4-yl) butanoate —— C24H36O5
    (4,8,11,15-Tetramethyl-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadec-14-en-4-yl) butanoate
    —— 5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-4,5,8,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O3
    5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-4,5,8,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 1-(1,2-Dihydroxypropyl)-8-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one —— C11H16O5
    1-(1,2-Dihydroxypropyl)-8-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one
    —— (9a-formyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,4a,10,10a-tetrahydro-3aH-furo[3,2-h][3]benzoxepin-5-yl)methyl 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H22O6
    (9a-formyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,4a,10,10a-tetrahydro-3aH-furo[3,2-h][3]benzoxepin-5-yl)methyl 2-methylpropanoate
    —— Methyl 2-[8-(furan-2-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-7,16-dimethyl-10,15-dioxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]acetate —— C26H30O9
    Methyl 2-[8-(furan-2-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-7,16-dimethyl-10,15-dioxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]acetate
    —— [2-(3,4-Dihydroxypent-1-enyl)-6-oxooxan-3-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate —— C15H22O6
    [2-(3,4-Dihydroxypent-1-enyl)-6-oxooxan-3-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— 5,13-Dihydroxy-3,15-dimethyl-6-propan-2-yl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.5.1.03,7.013,16]hexadeca-6,9-dien-11-one —— C20H28O4
    5,13-Dihydroxy-3,15-dimethyl-6-propan-2-yl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.5.1.03,7.013,16]hexadeca-6,9-dien-11-one
    —— 6-methyl-3,9-dimethylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H16O2
    6-methyl-3,9-dimethylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O3
    3-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 4-(Furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-2,10-dimethyl-5,13-dioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.02,7.011,15]hexadec-7-ene-6,12-dione —— C20H22O6
    4-(Furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-2,10-dimethyl-5,13-dioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.02,7.011,15]hexadec-7-ene-6,12-dione
    —— 2,3',12-Trihydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-8-methoxy-7-methyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione —— C20H28O10
    2,3',12-Trihydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-8-methoxy-7-methyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione
    —— 8-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    8-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 2,4,5,13-Tetrahydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione —— C15H22O7
    2,4,5,13-Tetrahydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione
    —— 3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O2
    3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 5-Octadeca-1,3,6,9,12,15-hexaenyloxolan-2-one —— C22H30O2
    5-Octadeca-1,3,6,9,12,15-hexaenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,7,8,11,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-8-yl) acetate —— C17H22O4
    (5,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,7,8,11,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-8-yl) acetate
    —— 3-Hexadec-9-enylidene-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C22H38O3
    3-Hexadec-9-enylidene-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one