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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H14O4
    4-Hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— Methyl (3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) carbonate —— C17H20O6
    Methyl (3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) carbonate
    —— 5-[3,3-Dimethyl-2-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)cyclobutyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C15H22O3
    5-[3,3-Dimethyl-2-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)cyclobutyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9,10-dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one —— C20H28O6
    9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9,10-dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one
    —— 5,7,7-Trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one —— C13H22O3
    5,7,7-Trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one
    —— 2-[2-(3-octa-2,5-dienyloxiran-2-yl)ethenyl]-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-oxonin-9-one —— C20H28O3
    2-[2-(3-octa-2,5-dienyloxiran-2-yl)ethenyl]-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-oxonin-9-one
    —— 3-Ethenyl-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,5,9-trimethyl-4,13-dioxatricyclo[7.4.1.05,14]tetradecan-12-one —— C20H32O4
    3-Ethenyl-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,5,9-trimethyl-4,13-dioxatricyclo[7.4.1.05,14]tetradecan-12-one
    —— 3,10,12,16-Tetramethyl-14,15,17-trioxo-18-oxatetracyclo[11.5.2.01,6.016,19]icos-4-ene-4-carboxylic acid —— C24H32O6
    3,10,12,16-Tetramethyl-14,15,17-trioxo-18-oxatetracyclo[11.5.2.01,6.016,19]icos-4-ene-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 4,8-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O5
    4,8-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 3-(5,6,8a-Trihydroxy-4a,5-dimethyl-1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2-ylidene)-5-(furan-3-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C20H26O6
    3-(5,6,8a-Trihydroxy-4a,5-dimethyl-1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2-ylidene)-5-(furan-3-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 7-Ethyl-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxa-13-azatricyclo[11.2.1.01,5]hexadecane-3,8,16-trione —— C17H25NO5
    7-Ethyl-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxa-13-azatricyclo[11.2.1.01,5]hexadecane-3,8,16-trione
    —— (6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 5-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate —— C20H22O6
    (6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 5-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— 8'-methoxy-5',5',7,8'a,10-pentamethylspiro[3-oxatricyclo[5.3.2.01,5]dodeca-5,9-diene-11,2'-4,4a,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-naphthalene]-1',4,6',8-tetrone —— C26H32O6
    8'-methoxy-5',5',7,8'a,10-pentamethylspiro[3-oxatricyclo[5.3.2.01,5]dodeca-5,9-diene-11,2'-4,4a,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-naphthalene]-1',4,6',8-tetrone
    —— 4-Hydroxyoxetan-2-one —— C3H4O3
    4-Hydroxyoxetan-2-one
    —— 1-acetyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 16102-29-7 C7H8O3
    1-acetyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— Arteamisinine I —— C13H18O2
    Arteamisinine I
    —— 7-(Furan-3-yl)-9-methyl-6,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,14.04,8]heptadeca-4(8),12-diene-5,15-dione —— C20H20O5
    7-(Furan-3-yl)-9-methyl-6,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,14.04,8]heptadeca-4(8),12-diene-5,15-dione
    —— 5,15,17,17-Tetramethylspiro[12,16-dioxapentacyclo[12.6.1.01,11.02,10.018,21]henicosa-5,14-diene-9,2'-oxirane]-13-one —— C24H32O4
    5,15,17,17-Tetramethylspiro[12,16-dioxapentacyclo[12.6.1.01,11.02,10.018,21]henicosa-5,14-diene-9,2'-oxirane]-13-one
    —— Rubrinolid 36690-58-1 C17H28O4
    Rubrinolid
    —— [8-[2-(4-Hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2-methylbutanoate —— C23H36O5
    [8-[2-(4-Hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2-methylbutanoate
    —— 14-Methyl-5-methylidene-3,11-dioxatetracyclo[7.5.1.02,6.012,15]pentadeca-9(15),13-diene-4,10-dione —— C15H14O4
    14-Methyl-5-methylidene-3,11-dioxatetracyclo[7.5.1.02,6.012,15]pentadeca-9(15),13-diene-4,10-dione
    —— 8-Hydroxy-6-methyl-9-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridec-1-en-13-one —— C20H30O4
    8-Hydroxy-6-methyl-9-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridec-1-en-13-one
    —— 7-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-11-hydroxy-13-methylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.3.3.01,6]tridecane-2,2'-oxirane]-8-one —— C20H26O6
    7-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-11-hydroxy-13-methylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.3.3.01,6]tridecane-2,2'-oxirane]-8-one
    —— 13,14-Dihydroxy-6-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,15-dimethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.5.1.03,7.013,16]hexadeca-5,9-dien-11-one —— C20H28O5
    13,14-Dihydroxy-6-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,15-dimethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.5.1.03,7.013,16]hexadeca-5,9-dien-11-one
    —— 6-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.04,8]tridec-9-en-13-one —— C15H20O3
    6-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.04,8]tridec-9-en-13-one
    —— Longianone 227597-01-5 C7H6O4
    Longianone
    —— Methyl 2,11-dimethyl-4-oxo-5,14-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadeca-12,15-diene-7-carboxylate —— C20H26O5
    Methyl 2,11-dimethyl-4-oxo-5,14-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadeca-12,15-diene-7-carboxylate
    —— 6-Hydroxy-5,6,8,12-tetramethyl-14-oxatetracyclo[10.3.3.01,11.02,8]octadecan-13-one —— C21H34O3
    6-Hydroxy-5,6,8,12-tetramethyl-14-oxatetracyclo[10.3.3.01,11.02,8]octadecan-13-one
    —— (2,11-Dimethyl-6,12-dioxospiro[5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-1(13),2-diene-7,2'-oxirane]-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H20O7
    (2,11-Dimethyl-6,12-dioxospiro[5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-1(13),2-diene-7,2'-oxirane]-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 13-Hydroxy-6-methyl-17-oxatetracyclo[14.2.1.03,11.04,8]nonadeca-1,9-diene-7,18,19-trione —— C19H22O5
    13-Hydroxy-6-methyl-17-oxatetracyclo[14.2.1.03,11.04,8]nonadeca-1,9-diene-7,18,19-trione
    —— 12-Hydroxy-10,13,14-trimethyl-5-(3-methylpent-1-enyl)-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione —— C23H28O6
    12-Hydroxy-10,13,14-trimethyl-5-(3-methylpent-1-enyl)-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione
    —— 13-Hydroperoxy-3-methyl-8,12-dimethylidene-6,18-dioxatricyclo[14.2.1.05,9]nonadeca-3,16(19)-diene-7,17-dione —— C20H24O6
    13-Hydroperoxy-3-methyl-8,12-dimethylidene-6,18-dioxatricyclo[14.2.1.05,9]nonadeca-3,16(19)-diene-7,17-dione
    —— 3,9-Dihydroxy-2,7,7,11,15-pentamethyl-6,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[9.8.0.02,8.013,18]nonadeca-13(18),14-diene-5,17-dione —— C21H28O7
    3,9-Dihydroxy-2,7,7,11,15-pentamethyl-6,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[9.8.0.02,8.013,18]nonadeca-13(18),14-diene-5,17-dione
    —— (15-Hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl) 2-methoxyprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O8
    (15-Hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl) 2-methoxyprop-2-enoate
    —— 8-ethenyl-4,4,6a,8,10b-pentamethyl-4a,5,6,9,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-pyrano[4,3-f]chromen-2-one —— C19H30O3
    8-ethenyl-4,4,6a,8,10b-pentamethyl-4a,5,6,9,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-pyrano[4,3-f]chromen-2-one
    —— 4-Methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H18O4
    4-Methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (4,5-Dihydroxy-4,8,11,15-tetramethyl-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadec-14-en-12-yl) octanoate —— C28H44O7
    (4,5-Dihydroxy-4,8,11,15-tetramethyl-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadec-14-en-12-yl) octanoate
    —— 4,7-Dihydroxy-3,9-dimethyloxonan-2-one —— C10H18O4
    4,7-Dihydroxy-3,9-dimethyloxonan-2-one
    —— 13-Hydroxy-3-methyl-8,12-dimethylidene-6,18-dioxatricyclo[14.2.1.05,9]nonadeca-3,16(19)-diene-7,17-dione —— C20H24O5
    13-Hydroxy-3-methyl-8,12-dimethylidene-6,18-dioxatricyclo[14.2.1.05,9]nonadeca-3,16(19)-diene-7,17-dione
    —— marmelo lactone —— C10H14O2
    marmelo lactone
    —— 3-Methyl-5-[4-[2-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]butyl]oxolan-2-one —— C18H29NO4
    3-Methyl-5-[4-[2-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]butyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Tert-butyl-4-[(dihydroxyamino)methyl]oxan-2-one —— C10H19NO4
    6-Tert-butyl-4-[(dihydroxyamino)methyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-12-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-7-methylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione —— C20H28O9
    2-Hydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-12-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-7-methylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione
    —— 4-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,6,6a,7,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C15H18O4
    4-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,6,6a,7,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— 1-[4-Methylidene-5-oxo-3-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-yl]hex-3-ene-2,5-dione —— C15H18O5
    1-[4-Methylidene-5-oxo-3-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-yl]hex-3-ene-2,5-dione
    —— α,α,β,β-tetramethyl-β-propiolactone 10008-69-2 C7H12O2
    α,α,β,β-tetramethyl-β-propiolactone
    —— 5-Heptadecyl-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C23H44O4
    5-Heptadecyl-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C20H26O4
    9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— 10-(Furan-3-yl)-2',2'-dimethyl-3'-(2-methyl-5-oxofuran-2-yl)spiro[5,11-dioxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,9.02,6]tridec-2-ene-4,5'-oxolane]-12-one —— C25H26O7
    10-(Furan-3-yl)-2',2'-dimethyl-3'-(2-methyl-5-oxofuran-2-yl)spiro[5,11-dioxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,9.02,6]tridec-2-ene-4,5'-oxolane]-12-one
    —— 3-Dodec-11-ynylidene-5-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C17H26O3
    3-Dodec-11-ynylidene-5-hydroxyoxan-2-one