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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-methyl-5-phenyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one 528609-85-0 C16H16O2
    (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-methyl-5-phenyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (1R,2S,5R,6R,7S)-5-butyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one 528609-77-0 C13H18O2
    (1R,2S,5R,6R,7S)-5-butyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-butyl-5-phenyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one 528609-87-2 C19H22O2
    (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-butyl-5-phenyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-[5-trimethylsilyl-3-(Z)-pentenyl]-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one 662112-16-5 C17H26O2Si
    (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-[5-trimethylsilyl-3-(Z)-pentenyl]-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— 3R,5S-3-Benzyl-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon 150323-16-3 C28H32O3Si
    3R,5S-3-Benzyl-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon
    —— (2R,4S)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl pentan-4-olide 53078-05-0 C6H10O3
    (2R,4S)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl pentan-4-olide
    —— (3S,5S)-3-<2'(E),4'-pentadienyl>-5-((tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 1026503-28-5 C26H32O3Si
    (3S,5S)-3-<2'(E),4'-pentadienyl>-5-((tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3R,5S-5-azidomethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 147093-43-4 C6H9N3O2
    3R,5S-5-azidomethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3S,5S)-3-<2'(E),4'-pentadienyl>-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 1026409-44-8 C10H14O3
    (3S,5S)-3-<2'(E),4'-pentadienyl>-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3R,5S-5-Azidomethyl-3-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon 155720-17-5 C12H13N3O2
    3R,5S-5-Azidomethyl-3-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon
    —— (2S,4S)-(+)-4-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl-2-fluoro-γ-butyrolactone 476209-84-4 C21H25FO3Si
    (2S,4S)-(+)-4-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl-2-fluoro-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3S,5S)-3-<2'(E),4'(E)-6-methylheptadienyl>-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 1025833-30-0 C13H20O3
    (3S,5S)-3-<2'(E),4'(E)-6-methylheptadienyl>-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (1S,4aR,6S,8S,8aS)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-6,8-naphthalenecarbolactone 1025911-92-5 C14H18O4
    (1S,4aR,6S,8S,8aS)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-6,8-naphthalenecarbolactone
    —— (3S,4R)-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxetan-2-one 873309-42-3 C8H14O3
    (3S,4R)-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 3S,5S-5-(N-t-butoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 147093-49-0 C11H19NO4
    3S,5S-5-(N-t-butoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3R,5S-5-(N-t-butoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 147093-47-8 C11H19NO4
    3R,5S-5-(N-t-butoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3S,5S-5-mesyloxymethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 147093-41-2 C7H12O5S
    3S,5S-5-mesyloxymethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3S,5S)-(+)-cis-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 53009-04-4 C6H10O3
    (3S,5S)-(+)-cis-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3S,5S-5-azidomethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 147093-45-6 C6H9N3O2
    3S,5S-5-azidomethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3R,5S)-5-({[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-3-fluorodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 152963-76-3 C21H25FO3Si
    (3R,5S)-5-({[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-3-fluorodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-(3-bromo-2-methylenepropyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone 195007-88-6 C13H21BrO2
    (3S,5R)-3-(3-bromo-2-methylenepropyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (5S)-5-[(2S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one 157810-24-7 C25H32O4Si
    (5S)-5-[(2S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(2S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one 149099-21-8 C25H32O4Si
    (5R)-5-[(2S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-methyl-4-methylene-oxetan-2-one 89016-79-5 C5H6O2
    3-methyl-4-methylene-oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxetan-2-one 933451-20-8 C9H16O4
    (3S,4R)-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxetan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-4,4,6,6-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2-one 827610-67-3 C10H16O2
    (1S,5R)-4,4,6,6-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2-one
    —— 3-methylene-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1409972-35-5 C7H8O2
    3-methylene-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-3-methylene-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1409972-01-5 C7H8O2
    (S)-3-methylene-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-ethyl-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C7H12O2
    5-ethyl-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1'S,5'S)-spiro[1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-3,6'-(2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one)] 184237-38-5 C15H16O4
    (1'S,5'S)-spiro[1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-3,6'-(2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one)]
    —— (3R,4R,4'S)-3-(3'-oxo-4'-methylhexenoyl)-3-methoxymethyloxy-4-methyl-4-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone 344357-28-4 C16H24O6
    (3R,4R,4'S)-3-(3'-oxo-4'-methylhexenoyl)-3-methoxymethyloxy-4-methyl-4-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3S,4R,4'S)-3-(3'-oxo-4'-methylhexenoyl)-3-methoxymethyloxy-4-methyl-4-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone 344357-23-9 C16H24O6
    (3S,4R,4'S)-3-(3'-oxo-4'-methylhexenoyl)-3-methoxymethyloxy-4-methyl-4-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3R,4R,3'R,4'S)-3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methylhexanoyl)-3-methoxymethyloxy-4-methyl-4-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone 344357-27-3 C16H26O6
    (3R,4R,3'R,4'S)-3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methylhexanoyl)-3-methoxymethyloxy-4-methyl-4-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3S,4R,3'R,4'S)-3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methylhexanoyl)-3-methoxymethyloxy-4-methyl-4-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone 344357-22-8 C16H26O6
    (3S,4R,3'R,4'S)-3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methylhexanoyl)-3-methoxymethyloxy-4-methyl-4-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 1,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1<i>r</i>,2<i>c</i>-dicarboxylic acid anhydride 6914-67-6 C7H8O3
    1,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1<i>r</i>,2<i>c</i>-dicarboxylic acid anhydride
    —— oxo-(2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid 56269-79-5 C6H6O5
    oxo-(2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid
    —— 1,10,7,8-tetradehydro-asteriscanolide 96386-59-3 C15H18O3
    1,10,7,8-tetradehydro-asteriscanolide
    —— 5-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 87070-43-7 C8H12O2
    5-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-3-(1-methylethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 116276-07-4 C9H14O2
    5,5-dimethyl-3-(1-methylethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,6S)-1-cyano-3,4-dimethyl-6-phenyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxylate of (R)-pantolactone 144846-58-2 C22H25NO4
    (1R,6S)-1-cyano-3,4-dimethyl-6-phenyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxylate of (R)-pantolactone
    —— (4S)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1266664-18-9 C9H14O3
    (4S)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1S,2R)-2-(acetamidomethyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate 213757-83-6 C13H19NO5
    [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1S,2R)-2-(acetamidomethyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
    —— [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1R,2S)-2-(acetamidomethyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate 213757-82-5 C13H19NO5
    [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1R,2S)-2-(acetamidomethyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
    —— (R)-pantolactone (1S,2S,4S)-bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate 102096-61-7 C14H18O4
    (R)-pantolactone (1S,2S,4S)-bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 158359-28-5 C8H12O3
    (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-(diethoxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 1432223-77-2 C11H20O4
    4-(diethoxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— α-acetonyl-γ-butyrolactone 71385-84-7 C7H10O3
    α-acetonyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3-[hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 21690-27-7 C11H12O3
    3-[hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— methanesulfonic acid (3S)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester 192057-38-8 C5H8O5S
    methanesulfonic acid (3S)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester
    —— 3-allyl-5-methyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 101833-09-4 C14H16O2
    3-allyl-5-methyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one