内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-Oxo-5-vinyl-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 65461-04-3 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-5-(R)-hydroxy-6(R)-methyl-1,2,4a(R),5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 127343-11-7 | C25H40O6 |
| —— | (1R<sup>*</sup>,7S<sup>*</sup>)-1-hydroxy-4-oxabicyclo<5.4.0>undecan-3-one | 135974-30-0 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (Z)-4-((trimethylsilyl)methylene)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-1,7-dione | 1383571-96-7 | C13H20O3Si |
| —— | (3R,3aR,4R,5R,6aR)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxymethoxy-5-methyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 863975-82-0 | C10H16O6 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-5-vinyl-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 65461-02-1 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | 3-benzyl-5-bromomethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 860252-77-3 | C12H13BrO2 |
| —— | (1R,2S,6R,7S)-1,7,8,9,10,10-Hexabromo-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione | 22572-77-6 | C9H2Br6O3 |
| —— | 5-(1-Ethoxy-vinyl)-4,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 147721-36-6 | C13H20O5 |
| —— | 1616873-56-3 | C7H13NO3 | |
| —— | (3R<sup>*</sup>,4R<sup>*</sup>)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-phenyl-1-oxacycloheptan-2-one | 135974-54-8 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methylene-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 128813-18-3 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | [(E)-1-(4-benzyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]urea | 100720-24-9 | C14H17N3O3 |
| —— | (4S,6R)-4-Hydroxy-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 142235-52-7 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 4-(1-Iodo-1-methyl-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 129352-60-9 | C7H11IO2 |
| —— | (1S,4R)-camphanic acid <(R)-(+)-3-acetoxy-2-phenylpropan-1-ol>ester | 135879-77-5 | C21H26O6 |
| —— | 6-bromo-5-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-2,3,6-trideoxy-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone | 261722-25-2 | C22H27BrO3Si |
| —— | 3-butyl-3-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-88-0 | C14H26O3 |
| —— | 3-((2S,3R,4R)-3-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-propionaldehyde | 87116-28-7 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 5-propyl-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione | 58254-55-0 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 4-Difluoromethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,6-dione | 1706461-52-0 | C6H6F2O3 |
| —— | 1',7',8',9'-tetrachlorospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,10'-4-thiatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene]-3'-one | 83043-41-8 | C11H8Cl4O3S |
| —— | (1R, 2S, 4S, 5R)-2-allyl-1,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-oxocyclohexan-1,5-carbolactone | 1206715-89-0 | C22H40O5Si2 |
| —— | (5R,6S)-6-((1R,3R)-1,3-Dimethyl-pent-4-enyl)-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 129117-26-6 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | (2S,3R,4S)-2,3-dihydroxy-5-dodecyn-4-olide | 151507-61-8 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | (3S,4R)-4-Hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 75584-28-0 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | (1RS,2RS,3SR,5RS,6SR)-1,2,5,6-tetramethylbicyclo<3.3.0>octane-3-spiro-5'-3'-phenylseleno-2'-oxacyclopentan-1'-one | 116215-02-2 | C21H28O2Se |
| —— | 1191927-95-3 | C16H16O6 | |
| —— | (E)-3-(4-oxohexylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 643754-15-8 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (3S,4R)-4-butyl-3-hydroxy-5-(1-iodoethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1187335-45-0 | C11H19IO3 |
| —— | 2,2'-Dimethyl-5,5'-dioxo-octahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 65461-13-4 | C16H22O8 |
| —— | 8α-acetoxy-6-epi-tannunolide A | 131740-79-9 | C17H20O4 |
| —— | 78729-67-6 | C15H19BrO3 | |
| —— | (S,S,S)-N(2)-α-methylbenzyl-3-methyl-4-ethylisoxazolidin-5-one | 1236003-48-7 | C14H19NO2 |
| —— | 5-Acetyl-2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 65441-19-2 | C12H16O5 |
| —— | 70400-55-4 | C10H9BrO5 | |
| —— | (S)-5-5(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 100891-03-0 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 3-bromo-7,7-dimethyl-oxepan-2-one | 21748-36-7 | C8H13BrO2 |
| —— | 6-endo-hydroxy-3-methylenenorborn-2-endo-ylacetic acid δ-lactone | 86960-88-5 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 2-Methoxy-3,5-epoxy-8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10-octahydro-naphthoesaeure-<1->8>lacton | 92848-08-3 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5S)-(E)-8-benzyloxymethoxy-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyloct-6-enoic acid lactone | 141858-92-6 | C18H24O4 |
| —— | (Z)-5-(2-bromo-3-chloro-3-(4-fluorophenyl)allyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1638667-36-3 | C13H11BrClFO2 |
| —— | 63265-88-3 | C13H18O2 | |
| —— | Ketodihydrocampholenolacton (1,8,8-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3,6-dion) | 66855-07-0 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (1R,5R)-(+)-carvenolide | 81370-73-2 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (1S,2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-bis-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-2-hydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 305384-17-2 | C19H38O5Si2 |
| —— | (R)-3-Methylene-5-octyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 101693-61-2 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | 5-((E)-(R)-3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-non-1-enyl)-3-methyl-4-trimethylsilanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 844699-19-0 | C18H34O3Si |
| —— | 3,3-Dichloro-4,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one | 28193-85-3 | C5H6Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propyl)-acetoacetic acid-lactone | 3154-72-1 | C8H12O4 |
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