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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R)-3-hydroxy-4,6,6-trimethyloxan-2-one —— C8H14O3
    (3R)-3-hydroxy-4,6,6-trimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3R)-4-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (3R)-4-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 3-Oxo-3-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)oxypropane-1-sulfonic acid —— C7H10O7S
    3-Oxo-3-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)oxypropane-1-sulfonic acid
    —— 2-Oxo-2-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)oxyethanesulfonic acid —— C6H8O7S
    2-Oxo-2-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)oxyethanesulfonic acid
    —— [1,2-Dimethyl-3-[2-oxo-2-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)oxyethyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]methanesulfonic acid —— C14H20O7S
    [1,2-Dimethyl-3-[2-oxo-2-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)oxyethyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]methanesulfonic acid
    —— (4Z)-4-[(2-chloro-6-ethylphenyl)methylidene]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C16H17ClO2
    (4Z)-4-[(2-chloro-6-ethylphenyl)methylidene]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— [(2R,3R,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-3-yl]carbamic acid —— C8H13NO4
    [(2R,3R,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-3-yl]carbamic acid
    —— methyl-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-6-oxooxan-3-yl]carbamic acid —— C8H13NO4
    methyl-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-6-oxooxan-3-yl]carbamic acid
    —— 4-[(4-Chlorophenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one —— C17H18ClN3O2
    4-[(4-Chlorophenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one
    —— (4R)-6-(chloromethyl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C6H9ClO3
    (4R)-6-(chloromethyl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— N-[5-[(E)-2-[(2S,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethenyl]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-propan-2-yl-2H-pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methylmethanesulfonamide —— C28H42FN3O5SSi
    N-[5-[(E)-2-[(2S,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethenyl]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-propan-2-yl-2H-pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methylmethanesulfonamide
    —— [8-(Formylsulfamoylmethyl)-6-methyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C19H29NO7S
    [8-(Formylsulfamoylmethyl)-6-methyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (3S,5R)-5-[2-[(2S,5S)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-yl]ethyl]-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C15H21NO4
    (3S,5R)-5-[2-[(2S,5S)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-yl]ethyl]-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (1R,4S)-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H20ClNO3
    (1R,4S)-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H20ClNO3
    (1S,4R)-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H20N2O3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H20N2O3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3-methyl-2-oxo-4-(phosphanylidynemethoxy)-5-(phosphanylidynemethoxymethyl)oxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C9H7NO4P2
    (3R,4S,5R)-3-methyl-2-oxo-4-(phosphanylidynemethoxy)-5-(phosphanylidynemethoxymethyl)oxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-5-ethyl-3,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C9H13NO2
    (3S,4S,5R)-5-ethyl-3,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-4-methoxy-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C9H13NO4
    (3R,4S,5R)-4-methoxy-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-propan-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C13H21NO3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-propan-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-propan-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C13H21NO3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-propan-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 3-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C8H14O5
    3-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— Ethane-1,2-diol;ethene;3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C10H20O5
    Ethane-1,2-diol;ethene;3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 6-(1-Butoxypropan-2-yl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C21H30O4
    6-(1-Butoxypropan-2-yl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-ethoxy-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C8H14O6
    5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-ethoxy-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (E)-2-methyl-3-(2-oxooxan-3-yl)prop-2-enoic acid —— C9H12O4
    (E)-2-methyl-3-(2-oxooxan-3-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
    —— (3S,4S)-4-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H22O3
    (3S,4S)-4-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— (1S,4S,5S)-4-fluoro-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C7H9FO2
    (1S,4S,5S)-4-fluoro-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 2-(2-Methyl-6-oxooxan-4-yl)propan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C15H26O4
    2-(2-Methyl-6-oxooxan-4-yl)propan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 1-[(5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl)oxy]ethyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C18H28O5
    1-[(5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl)oxy]ethyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-2-yl)oxymethyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C17H26O5
    (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-2-yl)oxymethyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl)oxymethyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C17H26O5
    (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl)oxymethyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 1-[(5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-2-yl)oxy]ethyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C18H28O5
    1-[(5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-2-yl)oxy]ethyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (3aS)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C7H8O2
    (3aS)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (2R,3S)-N-cyclohexyl-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carboxamide —— C17H21NO3
    (2R,3S)-N-cyclohexyl-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (1S)-4,4-dimethyl-1-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C18H17F5O3
    (1S)-4,4-dimethyl-1-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— (1R)-4,4-dimethyl-1-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C18H17F5O3
    (1R)-4,4-dimethyl-1-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— (3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-3-carboxamide —— C15H19NO3
    (3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— 2-butoxyethyl (1R,2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C16H26O5
    2-butoxyethyl (1R,2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— 6-chlorohexyl (1R,2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C16H25ClO4
    6-chlorohexyl (1R,2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3E,3aR,6aR)-3-[[(2R)-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]oxymethylidene]-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C12H10O5
    (3E,3aR,6aR)-3-[[(2R)-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]oxymethylidene]-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1R,4aR,7S,9aS)-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid —— C15H16O5
    (1R,4aR,7S,9aS)-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid
    —— (3E,3aR,8bS)-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-4,5,6,7,8,8b-hexahydro-3aH-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one —— C17H18O5
    (3E,3aR,8bS)-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-4,5,6,7,8,8b-hexahydro-3aH-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— (2S,5S,6S,7R)-5-chloro-2-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C10H11ClO2
    (2S,5S,6S,7R)-5-chloro-2-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (2R,5S,6R,7S)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C10H12O3
    (2R,5S,6R,7S)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (3E,3aR,6aR)-3-[(5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C12H10O5
    (3E,3aR,6aR)-3-[(5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-[(4-methyl-5-methylidene-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-3aH-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one —— C18H22O4
    (3E)-3-[(4-methyl-5-methylidene-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-3aH-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— (2S,5S,6S,7R)-5-chloro-2-ethyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C11H13ClO2
    (2S,5S,6S,7R)-5-chloro-2-ethyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (2S,5R,6S,7R)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C10H12O3
    (2S,5R,6S,7R)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one