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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1S,5R,8R)-6,8,8-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-on 61612-32-6 C10H16O2
    (1S,5R,8R)-6,8,8-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-on
    —— 3,3,4,4,5,5-Hexafluoro-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 58816-75-4 C5H2F6O2
    3,3,4,4,5,5-Hexafluoro-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— α-(2-Phenylpropyl)-γ-butyrolacton 52217-20-6 C13H16O2
    α-(2-Phenylpropyl)-γ-butyrolacton
    —— [(3S,4R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 144704-76-7 C15H29NO5Si
    [(3S,4R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (1S,2R,3a'R,6'S,6a'S)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6'-hydroxytetrahydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,4'-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxol]-2'-one 876144-50-2 C16H28O5Si
    (1S,2R,3a'R,6'S,6a'S)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6'-hydroxytetrahydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,4'-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxol]-2'-one
    —— trans dimethyl-3,3 tertiobutyl-8 oxa-2 spiro<4,5>decanone-1 91704-56-2 C15H26O2
    trans dimethyl-3,3 tertiobutyl-8 oxa-2 spiro<4,5>decanone-1
    —— 1242057-54-0 C21H38O4
    —— (1S,5S,6R,7S,10R,13R,14R,15R)-7,14,15-trihydroxy-13,17,20,20-tetramethyl-2,4,9-trioxapentacyclo[14.3.1.01,5.06,13.07,10]icos-16-ene-3,18-dione 266676-39-5 C21H28O8
    (1S,5S,6R,7S,10R,13R,14R,15R)-7,14,15-trihydroxy-13,17,20,20-tetramethyl-2,4,9-trioxapentacyclo[14.3.1.01,5.06,13.07,10]icos-16-ene-3,18-dione
    —— α-Benzyl-γ-butyrolacton-γ-carbonsaeure 106167-61-7 C12H12O4
    α-Benzyl-γ-butyrolacton-γ-carbonsaeure
    —— 4-[1-(2-chloro-6-ethylphenyl)methylidene]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octan-2-one 1615211-67-0 C16H17ClO2
    4-[1-(2-chloro-6-ethylphenyl)methylidene]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octan-2-one
    —— (2R,3R)-dimethyl-2-butylsilyloxymethyl-3-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone 106757-59-9 C13H24O3Si
    (2R,3R)-dimethyl-2-butylsilyloxymethyl-3-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (1S*,2R*,5R*,6R*,9R*)-2-cyclopentenyl-5,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-4-oxobicyclo<4.3.0>nonane 134153-07-4 C15H22O2
    (1S*,2R*,5R*,6R*,9R*)-2-cyclopentenyl-5,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-4-oxobicyclo<4.3.0>nonane
    —— (4S,5R,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-triethylsilanyloxy-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one 880550-80-1 C20H40O4Si2
    (4S,5R,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-triethylsilanyloxy-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one
    —— 3-butyl-7-phenyl-6,7-dihydrooxepin-2(5H)-one 1427003-06-2 C16H20O2
    3-butyl-7-phenyl-6,7-dihydrooxepin-2(5H)-one
    —— anti-8-oxatricyclo<4.3.0.0.2,5>octa-3-ene-7-one 82517-52-0 C8H8O2
    anti-8-oxatricyclo<4.3.0.0.2,5>octa-3-ene-7-one
    —— (3aS,7aS)-3-Bromo-2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 42798-07-2 C10H13BrO4
    (3aS,7aS)-3-Bromo-2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 6,6-dyciano-4-exo-methoxy-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one 114497-75-5 C8H6N2O3
    6,6-dyciano-4-exo-methoxy-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one
    —— (3aS,6aR)-5-Methoxymethyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 61972-63-2 C9H12O3
    (3aS,6aR)-5-Methoxymethyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (+-)-3-ethylidene-4-methyl-cyclobutane-1r,2c-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride 99179-49-4 C9H10O3
    (+-)-3-ethylidene-4-methyl-cyclobutane-1r,2c-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride
    —— 1110638-62-4 C23H30O4Si
    —— 101504-42-1 C23H32O4
    —— methyl (2S)-2-[(1R,2S)-2-(bromomethyl)cyclohexyl]-2-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate 1310492-03-5 C14H21BrO4
    methyl (2S)-2-[(1R,2S)-2-(bromomethyl)cyclohexyl]-2-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (1R,4S,5R,6R)-6-tert-butoxy-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 1044593-71-6 C17H28O5
    (1R,4S,5R,6R)-6-tert-butoxy-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (R)-3-((Z)-2-((4R,5S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)-2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)ethyl)-4-methylpent-4-enal 1552276-47-7 C23H38O5Si
    (R)-3-((Z)-2-((4R,5S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)-2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)ethyl)-4-methylpent-4-enal
    —— dihydro-3-(methoxymethoxy)-2(3H)-furanone 101999-41-1 C6H10O4
    dihydro-3-(methoxymethoxy)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (4S,5R)-5-butyl-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 850869-53-3 C8H14O3
    (4S,5R)-5-butyl-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1S*,2S*,5R*,6R*,9R*)-2-cyclopentenyl-5,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-4-oxobicyclo<4.3.0>nonane 134153-07-4 C15H22O2
    (1S*,2S*,5R*,6R*,9R*)-2-cyclopentenyl-5,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-4-oxobicyclo<4.3.0>nonane
    —— <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-[3-(2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-propyl]-acetamide 57440-41-2 C11H19NO3
    <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-[3-(2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-propyl]-acetamide
    —— (3aS,8R,8aR,8bS,10bS)-6-Furan-3-yl-8,10-dihydroxy-1,1,8a,8b,10b-pentamethyl-3,3a,5,7,8,8a,8b,10b-octahydro-1H-4-oxa-dicyclopenta[a,def]phenanthrene-2,9-dione 58193-19-4 C26H28O6
    (3aS,8R,8aR,8bS,10bS)-6-Furan-3-yl-8,10-dihydroxy-1,1,8a,8b,10b-pentamethyl-3,3a,5,7,8,8a,8b,10b-octahydro-1H-4-oxa-dicyclopenta[a,def]phenanthrene-2,9-dione
    —— α-trans-(2,2,2-Trichlorethyliden)-γ-butyrolacton 52216-88-3 C6H5Cl3O2
    α-trans-(2,2,2-Trichlorethyliden)-γ-butyrolacton
    —— 4-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxocyclopentyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone 73879-70-6 C14H20O5
    4-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxocyclopentyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— 7-hydroxy-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one 86853-72-7 C7H10O3
    7-hydroxy-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one
    —— 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)methylbutanolide 86790-70-7 C8H12O4
    3-(ethoxycarbonyl)methylbutanolide
    —— 3α-hydroxy-4β-bromo-5,7α,6β(H)-guaia-1(10),11(13)-dien-12,6-olide 1228392-81-1 C15H19BrO3
    3α-hydroxy-4β-bromo-5,7α,6β(H)-guaia-1(10),11(13)-dien-12,6-olide
    —— (4R,5R,6R)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-((E)-7-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)hept-2-en-2-yl)-4-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1375478-77-5 C37H58O4Si2
    (4R,5R,6R)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-((E)-7-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)hept-2-en-2-yl)-4-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4(R)-Benzyloxymethoxy-5(S)-methyl-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone 152209-18-2 C13H16O4
    4(R)-Benzyloxymethoxy-5(S)-methyl-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone
    —— (+/-)-3-(3a-methyl-2-oxo-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]furan-4<i>c</i>-yl)-glutaric acid dimethyl ester 101101-53-5 C15H22O6
    (+/-)-3-(3a-methyl-2-oxo-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]furan-4<i>c</i>-yl)-glutaric acid dimethyl ester
    —— (S)-α-N,N-diboc-aminoxy-γ-butyrolactone 666706-30-5 C14H23NO7
    (S)-α-N,N-diboc-aminoxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 1001435-23-9 C18H32O4Si
    —— (S)-4-((2S,4S)-4-Hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-oxazolidine-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 130914-19-1 C15H25NO6
    (S)-4-((2S,4S)-4-Hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-oxazolidine-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (1R,5S)-3-Methylene-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]non-8-ene-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester 118496-24-5 C11H12O4
    (1R,5S)-3-Methylene-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]non-8-ene-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— (3aS,7aS)-3-[1-Chloro-meth-(E)-ylidene]-7a-methyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one 128071-64-7 C10H13ClO2
    (3aS,7aS)-3-[1-Chloro-meth-(E)-ylidene]-7a-methyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one
    —— 6β-(3-hydroxyprop-1-yl)-1α-<(methoxymethyl)oxy>-1,2,3,4,4aβ,5,6,8aα-octahydronaphthalene-5α-carboxylic acid ε-lactone 83289-35-4 C16H24O4
    6β-(3-hydroxyprop-1-yl)-1α-<(methoxymethyl)oxy>-1,2,3,4,4aβ,5,6,8aα-octahydronaphthalene-5α-carboxylic acid ε-lactone
    —— (+)(2S,3S,4S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pentanolide 79386-77-9 C6H10O3
    (+)(2S,3S,4S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pentanolide
    —— dihydro-4-(methoxymethoxy)-2(3H)-furanone 101999-39-7 C6H10O4
    dihydro-4-(methoxymethoxy)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-desoxy-2,2-difluoro-1-oxo-D-ribose 914457-56-0 C11H20F2O4Si
    5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-desoxy-2,2-difluoro-1-oxo-D-ribose
    —— 4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-propyl-2(3H)-furanone 86749-57-7 C8H14O3
    4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-propyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3aR,6R,6aR)-2-benzyl-6-t-butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl-4-oxo-isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydrofuran 929008-33-3 C29H33NO4Si
    (3aR,6R,6aR)-2-benzyl-6-t-butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl-4-oxo-isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydrofuran
    —— (3aR,4R,7aS)-4-hydroxy-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one 54911-63-6 C8H12O3
    (3aR,4R,7aS)-4-hydroxy-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one
    —— 4-Methyl-3-oxa-bicyclo<4.2.0>oct-7-en-2-on 59664-91-4 C8H10O2
    4-Methyl-3-oxa-bicyclo<4.2.0>oct-7-en-2-on