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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3,3,6a-Trimethyl-6'-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5'-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[3a,4-dihydrocyclopenta[c]furan-5,3'-oxane]-1,2',6-trione —— C21H28O6
    3,3,6a-Trimethyl-6'-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5'-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[3a,4-dihydrocyclopenta[c]furan-5,3'-oxane]-1,2',6-trione
    —— 7-Methyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-1,5,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]furan-3-one —— C20H30O2
    7-Methyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-1,5,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]furan-3-one
    —— (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-chloroacetate —— C17H19ClO5
    (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-chloroacetate
    —— cis-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-pentyl-2-(3H)-furanone —— C9H16O3
    cis-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-pentyl-2-(3H)-furanone
    —— 11,12-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2,2,4,9-tetramethyl-6-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-5-one —— C16H26O5
    11,12-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2,2,4,9-tetramethyl-6-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-5-one
    —— (8-Hydroxy-2,4,7,8a-tetramethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,4a,7,8-hexahydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-3-yl) 4-hydroxyoct-2-enoate —— C20H32O7
    (8-Hydroxy-2,4,7,8a-tetramethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,4a,7,8-hexahydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-3-yl) 4-hydroxyoct-2-enoate
    —— [2,5-Dihydroxy-5-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethyl]-1,4a-dimethylspiro[2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene-6,2'-oxirane]-1-yl]methyl acetate —— C22H32O8
    [2,5-Dihydroxy-5-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethyl]-1,4a-dimethylspiro[2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene-6,2'-oxirane]-1-yl]methyl acetate
    —— 3-[2-(4a,8b-Dimethyl-6-methylidene-1,2a,3,4,5,7,8,8a-octahydronaphtho[2,1-b]oxet-5-yl)ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H28O4
    3-[2-(4a,8b-Dimethyl-6-methylidene-1,2a,3,4,5,7,8,8a-octahydronaphtho[2,1-b]oxet-5-yl)ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4-Hexadeca-11,15-dien-7,9-diynyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) acetate —— C23H30O4
    (4-Hexadeca-11,15-dien-7,9-diynyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) acetate
    —— 3-[2-(3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O3
    3-[2-(3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 6-[[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one —— C23H30O4Si
    6-[[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 7,14-Dihydroxy-2,6,14-trimethyl-4,11-dioxatetracyclo[6.3.3.01,8.02,6]tetradecane-5,10-dione —— C15H20O6
    7,14-Dihydroxy-2,6,14-trimethyl-4,11-dioxatetracyclo[6.3.3.01,8.02,6]tetradecane-5,10-dione
    —— 10-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-12-methylidene-16-oxa-7-azahexacyclo[9.7.2.01,8.05,18.09,14.014,19]icosane-3,15,17-trione —— C21H25NO5
    10-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-12-methylidene-16-oxa-7-azahexacyclo[9.7.2.01,8.05,18.09,14.014,19]icosane-3,15,17-trione
    —— 3-[2-(3,6-dihydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    3-[2-(3,6-dihydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (13-Hydroxy-6-methyl-17,18-dioxo-16-oxatetracyclo[13.2.2.03,11.04,8]nonadeca-1,9-dien-7-yl) acetate —— C21H26O6
    (13-Hydroxy-6-methyl-17,18-dioxo-16-oxatetracyclo[13.2.2.03,11.04,8]nonadeca-1,9-dien-7-yl) acetate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-4-prop-1-enyloxan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    4-Hydroxy-4-prop-1-enyloxan-2-one
    —— Methyl 2-(3a-methyl-2,2'-dioxospiro[1,3,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydrocyclopenta[a]naphthalene-6,4'-oxolane]-7-yl)acetate —— C20H28O5
    Methyl 2-(3a-methyl-2,2'-dioxospiro[1,3,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydrocyclopenta[a]naphthalene-6,4'-oxolane]-7-yl)acetate
    —— 9-Ethenyl-9-methyl-2-phenyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione —— C16H14O4
    9-Ethenyl-9-methyl-2-phenyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione
    —— 10-[2-(3-Pent-2-enyloxiran-2-yl)ethenyl]oxecan-2-one —— C18H28O3
    10-[2-(3-Pent-2-enyloxiran-2-yl)ethenyl]oxecan-2-one
    —— [11-formyl-7-methyl-4-(4-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl)-3-oxo-4,4a,5,6,9,11a-hexahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-1-yl] acetate —— C22H28O5
    [11-formyl-7-methyl-4-(4-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl)-3-oxo-4,4a,5,6,9,11a-hexahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-1-yl] acetate
    —— Neodihydroprotolichesterinic acid —— C19H34O4
    Neodihydroprotolichesterinic acid
    —— 4,7-dihydroxy-3-methyl-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,11a-octahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one —— C13H20O4
    4,7-dihydroxy-3-methyl-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,11a-octahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— (10-Methyl-11-oxo-4,12-dioxapentacyclo[7.7.0.01,6.02,13.010,15]hexadec-2-en-5-yl) 2-methylbutanoate —— C20H26O5
    (10-Methyl-11-oxo-4,12-dioxapentacyclo[7.7.0.01,6.02,13.010,15]hexadec-2-en-5-yl) 2-methylbutanoate
    —— terpenylic acid 26754-48-3 C8H12O4
    terpenylic acid
    —— 10-Hydroxy-20-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5,9,9,13,20-hexamethyl-22-oxahexacyclo[19.2.1.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosa-15,17-dien-23-one —— C30H44O4
    10-Hydroxy-20-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5,9,9,13,20-hexamethyl-22-oxahexacyclo[19.2.1.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosa-15,17-dien-23-one
    —— 3-Methylidene-4-[[3-methyl-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl]oxiran-2-yl]methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C15H20O5
    3-Methylidene-4-[[3-methyl-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl]oxiran-2-yl]methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— [8-[2-(4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H36O6
    [8-[2-(4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 3-Hydroxy-10-methoxy-7,13,13-trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-18-oxatetracyclo[9.5.2.01,12.02,9]octadeca-2(9),3,7-triene-5,6,17-trione —— C24H30O6
    3-Hydroxy-10-methoxy-7,13,13-trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-18-oxatetracyclo[9.5.2.01,12.02,9]octadeca-2(9),3,7-triene-5,6,17-trione
    —— 3-(4-Methyl-2-oxo-3-phenyloxolan-3-yl)propanamide —— C14H17NO3
    3-(4-Methyl-2-oxo-3-phenyloxolan-3-yl)propanamide
    —— (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-phenylacetate —— C23H24O5
    (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-phenylacetate
    —— 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3,7-dioxatricyclo[4.2.0.02,4]octan-8-one —— C12H16O4
    4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3,7-dioxatricyclo[4.2.0.02,4]octan-8-one
    —— 4,5,13-Trihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione —— C15H22O6
    4,5,13-Trihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione
    —— 1-(3-Methylbut-2-enyl)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-3-carbaldehyde —— C12H14O3
    1-(3-Methylbut-2-enyl)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-3-carbaldehyde
    —— 13-Ethenyl-2,16-dihydroxy-9-methyl-5-methylidene-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-14-one —— C19H26O4
    13-Ethenyl-2,16-dihydroxy-9-methyl-5-methylidene-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-14-one
    —— 6-Hydroxy-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-ene-8-carbaldehyde —— C10H12O4
    6-Hydroxy-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-ene-8-carbaldehyde
    —— 4,5,9,9,13,20,20-Heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[17.3.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosa-15,17-diene-10,12,23-trione —— C30H40O4
    4,5,9,9,13,20,20-Heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[17.3.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosa-15,17-diene-10,12,23-trione
    —— Dihydrojacquinelin 7757-37-1 C15H20O4
    Dihydrojacquinelin
    —— Methyl 2',12'-dihydroxy-8'-methoxy-1,7'-dimethyl-11'-oxo-12'-propan-2-ylspiro[2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3,6'-4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane]-5-carboxylate —— C21H28O10
    Methyl 2',12'-dihydroxy-8'-methoxy-1,7'-dimethyl-11'-oxo-12'-propan-2-ylspiro[2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3,6'-4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane]-5-carboxylate
    —— 2,12-Dihydroxy-8-methoxy-2',7-dimethyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-3',11-dione —— C19H26O8
    2,12-Dihydroxy-8-methoxy-2',7-dimethyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-3',11-dione
    —— 6-Heptyl-3-(1-hydroxybutylidene)oxane-2,4-dione —— C16H26O4
    6-Heptyl-3-(1-hydroxybutylidene)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-[2-(4-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O3
    3-[2-(4-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (8-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H22O6
    (8-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C20H24O7
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— 5-hydroxy-7-methyl-4-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclonona[c]pyran-11-carbaldehyde —— C20H28O4
    5-hydroxy-7-methyl-4-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclonona[c]pyran-11-carbaldehyde
    —— 9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,5-dione —— C20H26O5
    9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,5-dione
    —— 6-Tetracosyloxan-2-one —— C29H56O2
    6-Tetracosyloxan-2-one
    —— [3,4,6,12,13-Pentaacetyloxy-8-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-15-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C40H56O18
    [3,4,6,12,13-Pentaacetyloxy-8-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-15-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— [1-(2,6-Dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-9-yl] acetate —— C20H28O5
    [1-(2,6-Dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-9-yl] acetate
    —— 5-(hex-3-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 67114-38-9 C10H16O2
    5-(hex-3-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3-Ethylidene-2-oxotetrahydropyran-4-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester —— C10H14O4
    (3-Ethylidene-2-oxotetrahydropyran-4-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester