内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | β-bromo-γ-hydroxy-α-oxo-isovaleric acid-lactone | 408319-86-8 | C5H5BrO3 |
|
| —— | 1,4-Monolacton d.D-Taloschleimsaeure-methylesters | —— | C7H10O7 |
|
| —— | 2H-Pyran-2-one, 4-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)tetrahydro- | 1552231-29-4 | C10H13NO3 |
|
| —— | 6-methyl-2-oxo-9-prop-1-en-2-yl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-3-carbaldehyde | 145397-93-9 | C13H18O3 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl (1R,2S,5S)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-ylcarbamate | 1334880-42-0 | C12H17NO4 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl (1S,2S,5R)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-ylcarbamate | 1334880-46-4 | C12H17NO4 |
|
| —— | 3-Furancarboxaldehyde, tetrahydro-2-(2-methylenecyclopentyl)-5-oxo- | 1824578-69-9 | C11H14O3 |
|
| —— | (4R)-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 61898-55-3 | C6H10O2 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-6,9-divinyl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one | 133620-22-1 | C12H16O2 |
|
| —— | 5-Oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 198995-92-5 | C9H14O4 |
|
| —— | 2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one | 6051-04-3 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | tetrahydro-3,3,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one | 62581-36-6 | C8H14O2 |
|
| —— | (3S)-3-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 326889-47-8 | C11H22O3Si |
|
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-(6-hepten-1-yl)dihydro- | 854737-08-9 | C11H18O2 |
|
| —— | (3S,4S)-dihydro-4-[2-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyloxy]ethyl]-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 1141365-67-4 | C23H30O3Si |
|
| —— | acide ethyl-2 methyl-5 δ-caprolactone-2 carboxylique | 92215-62-8 | C10H16O4 |
|
| —— | 3-Decyl-4-undecyl-oxetan-2-one | 872631-20-4 | C24H46O2 |
|
| —— | 6,6-dimethyl-4(R)-tribromomethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo(3,1,0)hexan-2-one | 72345-90-5 | C8H9Br3O2 |
|
| —— | α-[hydroxy(5-norbornen-2-yl)methyl]-γ-butyrolactone | 398488-19-2 | C12H16O3 |
|
| —— | 6,6-dimethyl-4-trichloromethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo(3,1,0)-hexane-2-one | 72345-89-2 | C8H9Cl3O2 |
|
| —— | 4-acetyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 89898-27-1 | C7H10O3 |
|
| —— | α-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone-D<sub>2</sub> | 1597493-79-2 | C4H6O3 |
|
| —— | cis-5-ethyl-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 81644-93-1 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | dihydro-3-<<(methylsulfonyl)oxy>methylene>-2(3H)-furanone | 113982-63-1 | C6H8O5S |
|
| —— | (trans,4R,5R,8R,9S)-9-mesyloxy-5,8-oxisotricos-12-en-1,4-olide | 303053-19-2 | C24H42O6S |
|
| —— | (4R,5R,8R,9S,12R,13S)-12,13-dihydroxy-9-mesyloxy-5,8-oxidotricosa-1,4-olide | 303052-91-7 | C24H44O8S |
|
| —— | (4R,5R,8R,9S,12R,13R)-12,13-dihydroxy-9-mesyloxy-5,8-oxidotricosa-1,4-olide | 172667-73-1 | C24H44O8S |
|
| —— | (4R,5R)-8-hydroxy-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)octan-1,4-olide | 303053-15-8 | C24H32O4Si |
|
| —— | (cis,trans,4R,5R)-5-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxytricosa-8,12-dien-1,4-olide | 303053-18-1 | C39H58O3Si |
|
| —— | (4R,5R)-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxyoctan-1-al-5,8-olide | 181803-16-7 | C24H30O4Si |
|
| —— | 3-methyl-3-trimethylsilyloxyglutaric anhydride | 81943-18-2 | C9H16O4Si |
|
| —— | 5-(azidomethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 179532-81-1 | C5H7N3O2 |
|
| —— | 7-deoxy-L-glycero-L-galacto-heptono-1,4-lactone | 161721-52-4 | C7H12O6 |
|
| —— | 1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one | 33448-80-5 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | L-Rhamnono-1,4-lactone | 20031-16-7 | C6H10O5 |
|
| —— | cis-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid anhydride | 5617-74-3 | C5H4O3 |
|
| —— | (-)-7α-triethylsilyloxy-6β-triethylsilyloxymethyl-cis-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one | 128948-09-4 | C20H40O4Si2 |
|
| —— | (-)-7α-triethylsilyloxy-6β-formyl-cis-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one | 128948-10-7 | C14H24O4Si |
|
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-((S,E)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-phenylpent-1-en-1-yl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1240483-15-1 | C30H50O4Si2 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-5-oxo-2<i>c</i>-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3<i>r</i>-carboxylic acid | 13389-88-3 | C11H10O4 |
|
| —— | 3-benzyl-glutaric acid-anhydride | 91963-19-8 | C12H12O3 |
|
| —— | 4-Fluoro-5-phenyloxolan-2-one | 1167421-95-5 | C10H9FO2 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-5-oxo-2<i>r</i>-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3<i>t</i>-carboxylic acid | 13389-88-3 | C11H10O4 |
|
| —— | 6-cyclopropylidene-5-oxaspiro<2.3>hexan-4-one | 123674-87-3 | C8H8O2 |
|
| —— | 5-oxo-2-trichloromethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid | 5910-08-7 | C6H5Cl3O4 |
|
| —— | 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4-dione | 33532-46-6 | C5H6O3 |
|
| —— | (S)-mevalonolactone | 19022-60-7 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | 5-hydroxy-4-propyldihydrofuran-2-one | 357338-44-4 | C7H12O3 |
|
| —— | ethyl (1S,5R)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate | 145032-58-2 | C8H10O4 |
|
| —— | (R)-4-allyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 80758-91-4 | C7H10O2 |
|
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