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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphite —— C6H9O8P
    [(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphite
    —— 3-Tert-butyl-4-[2,2,3,3-tetraethyl-4-[1-[2-[3-(2-ethyl-2-methylbutyl)-2,5-dihydroxy-4-methylpyrrol-1-yl]ethyl]-2,5-dihydroxy-4-methylpyrrol-3-yl]-4-methylpentyl]oxolan-2-one —— C41H70N2O6
    3-Tert-butyl-4-[2,2,3,3-tetraethyl-4-[1-[2-[3-(2-ethyl-2-methylbutyl)-2,5-dihydroxy-4-methylpyrrol-1-yl]ethyl]-2,5-dihydroxy-4-methylpyrrol-3-yl]-4-methylpentyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— [(9R,12S)-1,13-dimethoxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadec-2-en-10-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C22H32O7
    [(9R,12S)-1,13-dimethoxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadec-2-en-10-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— Ethyl 2-[methanethioylsulfanyl(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]-4,5-dioxo-3-(pyrrolidine-1-carbothioylsulfanyl)oxolane-2-carboxylate —— C18H24N2O5S4
    Ethyl 2-[methanethioylsulfanyl(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]-4,5-dioxo-3-(pyrrolidine-1-carbothioylsulfanyl)oxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (2-Oxooxolan-3-yl) 1,2,2-trimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate —— C11H16O4
    (2-Oxooxolan-3-yl) 1,2,2-trimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate
    —— (5-Hydroxy-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C8H10O5
    (5-Hydroxy-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 5-Hexyl-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C11H18O3
    5-Hexyl-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— Ethane;methanol;6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C10H20O3
    Ethane;methanol;6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (5S)-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C4H6O3
    (5S)-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C8H10O3
    (5R)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,4R,11R)-4,8-dimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.02,4]tetradec-7-ene-12,13-dione —— C14H18O4
    (1S,4R,11R)-4,8-dimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.02,4]tetradec-7-ene-12,13-dione
    —— 5-[12-(2,3-Dihydrofuran-3-yl)-7-oxo-2,12-diphenyltridecan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C33H42O4
    5-[12-(2,3-Dihydrofuran-3-yl)-7-oxo-2,12-diphenyltridecan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 1-[2-(6-Oxooxan-3-yl)ethyl]-3-[5-(6-oxooxan-3-yl)pentyl]thiourea —— C18H30N2O4S
    1-[2-(6-Oxooxan-3-yl)ethyl]-3-[5-(6-oxooxan-3-yl)pentyl]thiourea
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-octoxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C14H24O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-octoxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— [(6R,7R,11R)-11-hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradecan-7-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O6
    [(6R,7R,11R)-11-hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradecan-7-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (2R)-18'-amino-7',11'-dimethyl-5,14'-dioxospiro[oxolane-2,6'-pentacyclo[13.2.1.02,10.03,7.011,16]octadeca-1(18),9-diene]-16'-carbonitrile —— C24H28N2O3
    (2R)-18'-amino-7',11'-dimethyl-5,14'-dioxospiro[oxolane-2,6'-pentacyclo[13.2.1.02,10.03,7.011,16]octadeca-1(18),9-diene]-16'-carbonitrile
    —— [(1S,7S,8S)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,4,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H32O6
    [(1S,7S,8S)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,4,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 5-Butyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C9H14O3
    5-Butyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— 3-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one —— C6H10O4
    3-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 8,9-Dimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.04,13]tridecan-10-one —— C14H22O2
    8,9-Dimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.04,13]tridecan-10-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(1,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C12H20O8
    (5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(1,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 2-[(3R,5R)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4,7-dioxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-1-yl]acetic acid —— C15H24O6Si
    2-[(3R,5R)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4,7-dioxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-1-yl]acetic acid
    —— methanesulfonic acid;(4S)-4-methyloxolan-2-one —— C6H12O5S
    methanesulfonic acid;(4S)-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-[(3R)-3-cyclohexyl-3-phosphanyloxypropyl]-5-tritiophosphanyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C16H28O4P2
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-[(3R)-3-cyclohexyl-3-phosphanyloxypropyl]-5-tritiophosphanyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— [(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-1-[[(7S)-7-[(3S,4R,5S,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxooxepan-2-yl]-3,7-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylhept-5-enyl]-methylamino]-3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-1-oxodeca-7,9-dien-5-yl] carbamate —— C32H54N2O10
    [(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-1-[[(7S)-7-[(3S,4R,5S,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxooxepan-2-yl]-3,7-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylhept-5-enyl]-methylamino]-3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-1-oxodeca-7,9-dien-5-yl] carbamate
    —— (4R)-N-(3-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C15H25NO3
    (4R)-N-(3-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— Ethane;4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one —— C13H24O2
    Ethane;4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one
    —— (4R)-N-ethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (4R)-N-ethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-ethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (4S)-N-ethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-(3-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C15H25NO3
    (4S)-N-(3-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— 5-(2-Bromo-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H7BrO5
    5-(2-Bromo-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 6-(Hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3-dione —— C6H8O4
    6-(Hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3-dione
    —— [[2-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetyl]amino]thiourea —— C8H13N3O3S
    [[2-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetyl]amino]thiourea
    —— (5R)-5-[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O6
    (5R)-5-[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl)oxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H16O4
    3-(1-Hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl)oxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (8-Methyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-propan-2-ylpentanoate —— C22H36O4
    (8-Methyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-propan-2-ylpentanoate
    —— 2-Methylpropane;4-oxa-10-thiatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decan-3-one —— C12H20O2S
    2-Methylpropane;4-oxa-10-thiatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decan-3-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-propyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O4
    4-Hydroxy-5-propyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 4-Iminooxan-2-one —— C5H7NO2
    4-Iminooxan-2-one
    —— 8-Methoxy-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione —— C19H24O4
    8-Methoxy-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione
    —— nitromethyl-valerolactone 1187530-93-3 C6H9NO4
    nitromethyl-valerolactone
    —— 4,5-Diethyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C8H12O3
    4,5-Diethyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 5,5-Dihydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C4H6O4
    5,5-Dihydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— Ethane;4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one —— C12H20O2
    Ethane;4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one
    —— 3-Ethyl-3-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-8-one —— C11H18O2
    3-Ethyl-3-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-8-one
    —— 6-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one —— C8H14O3
    6-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-6-ethyl-4,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (4R,5S)-6-ethyl-4,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-(2-methylpropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C23H35BrO2
    (4S,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-(2-methylpropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5,5-Dimethyl-3-ethylox-azolidine-2,4-dione —— C8H12O3
    5,5-Dimethyl-3-ethylox-azolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (5R)-4-[2-butoxy-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C16H28O10
    (5R)-4-[2-butoxy-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-2,3-dione