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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3Z)-3-[[3-[[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]amino]propylamino]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C13H18N2O4
    (3Z)-3-[[3-[[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]amino]propylamino]methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C7H9BrO2
    (1R,4S,5S)-4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (1R,4R,5S)-4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C7H9BrO2
    (1R,4R,5S)-4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (1S,5S)-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione —— C7H8O3
    (1S,5S)-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,4S,6R)-6-bromo-4-ethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C8H11BrO2
    (1S,4S,6R)-6-bromo-4-ethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1R,4R,6R)-6-bromo-4-ethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C8H11BrO2
    (1R,4R,6R)-6-bromo-4-ethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1R,5R)-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione —— C7H8O3
    (1R,5R)-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,2R,3R,7R,8R,9R)-5-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,8.03,7]dodec-10-ene-4,6-dione —— C11H10O3
    (1S,2R,3R,7R,8R,9R)-5-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,8.03,7]dodec-10-ene-4,6-dione
    —— (1S,2R,3R,7R,8R,9S)-5-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,8.03,7]dodec-10-ene-4,6-dione —— C11H10O3
    (1S,2R,3R,7R,8R,9S)-5-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,8.03,7]dodec-10-ene-4,6-dione
    —— (1R,2R,3R,7R,8R,9R)-5-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,8.03,7]dodec-10-ene-4,6-dione —— C11H10O3
    (1R,2R,3R,7R,8R,9R)-5-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,8.03,7]dodec-10-ene-4,6-dione
    —— [(1S,3S,4R,8R,9E,13S,15S)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    [(1S,3S,4R,8R,9E,13S,15S)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— [(1S,3R,4R,8R,9Z,13S,15S)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    [(1S,3R,4R,8R,9Z,13S,15S)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— [(1S,3R,4R,8R,9E,13S,15S)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    [(1S,3R,4R,8R,9E,13S,15S)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (1'R,5R,7'R)-3-methylidenespiro[oxolane-5,4'-tricyclo[3.3.1.02,7]nonane]-2-one —— C13H16O2
    (1'R,5R,7'R)-3-methylidenespiro[oxolane-5,4'-tricyclo[3.3.1.02,7]nonane]-2-one
    —— (1R,2S,5R,6R)-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,5]non-3-ene-7,9-dione —— C8H6O3
    (1R,2S,5R,6R)-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,5]non-3-ene-7,9-dione
    —— (1R,3R,5R,7S)-3,6,6-trimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecane-8,10-dione —— C13H18O3
    (1R,3R,5R,7S)-3,6,6-trimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecane-8,10-dione
    —— (1R,2S,5S,6R)-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,5]non-3-ene-7,9-dione —— C8H6O3
    (1R,2S,5S,6R)-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,5]non-3-ene-7,9-dione
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-4-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (1R,4S,5S)-4-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1R,3S,5R,7S)-3,6,6-trimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecane-8,10-dione —— C13H18O3
    (1R,3S,5R,7S)-3,6,6-trimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecane-8,10-dione
    —— (1R,3S,5S,7S)-3,6,6-trimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecane-8,10-dione —— C13H18O3
    (1R,3S,5S,7S)-3,6,6-trimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecane-8,10-dione
    —— (1R,3R,5S,7S)-3,6,6-trimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecane-8,10-dione —— C13H18O3
    (1R,3R,5S,7S)-3,6,6-trimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecane-8,10-dione
    —— (1S,6R)-9,9-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one —— C10H16O2
    (1S,6R)-9,9-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (1S,2S,5R,6S,7S)-1,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C10H3Cl9O3
    (1S,2S,5R,6S,7S)-1,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (1S,2R,5R,6S,7S)-1,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C10H3Cl9O3
    (1S,2R,5R,6S,7S)-1,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (1S,2S,5R,6R,7S)-1,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C10H3Cl9O3
    (1S,2S,5R,6R,7S)-1,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (1S,2R,5R,6R,7S)-1,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C10H3Cl9O3
    (1S,2R,5R,6R,7S)-1,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (1S,2R,5S,6R,7S)-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C10H9Cl3O3
    (1S,2R,5S,6R,7S)-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (1R,2R,5S,6R,7R)-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C10H9Cl3O3
    (1R,2R,5S,6R,7R)-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (3S,3aR,6E,10E,11aS)-3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-7,10-dimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one —— C17H27NO2
    (3S,3aR,6E,10E,11aS)-3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-7,10-dimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1R,2S,3R,6R,8R,11R,14S)-14-hydroxy-2,3,13,13-tetramethyl-7,10,12-trioxatetracyclo[9.2.1.02,8.06,8]tetradecan-9-one —— C15H22O5
    (1R,2S,3R,6R,8R,11R,14S)-14-hydroxy-2,3,13,13-tetramethyl-7,10,12-trioxatetracyclo[9.2.1.02,8.06,8]tetradecan-9-one
    —— (1R,2S,3S,6R,8R,11R,14S)-14-hydroxy-2,3,13,13-tetramethyl-7,10,12-trioxatetracyclo[9.2.1.02,8.06,8]tetradecan-9-one —— C15H22O5
    (1R,2S,3S,6R,8R,11R,14S)-14-hydroxy-2,3,13,13-tetramethyl-7,10,12-trioxatetracyclo[9.2.1.02,8.06,8]tetradecan-9-one
    —— (1R,2R,6R,7S,8S)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,8]dec-9-ene-7-carboxylic acid —— C12H14O4
    (1R,2R,6R,7S,8S)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,8]dec-9-ene-7-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2R,6R,7S,8S)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,8]dec-9-ene-7-carboxylic acid —— C12H14O4
    (1S,2R,6R,7S,8S)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,8]dec-9-ene-7-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2S,6R,7S,8S)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,8]dec-9-ene-7-carboxylic acid —— C12H14O4
    (1S,2S,6R,7S,8S)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,8]dec-9-ene-7-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2R,6R,7S)-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecan-8-one —— C10H14O2
    (1S,2R,6R,7S)-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecan-8-one
    —— (1S,2R,6S,7S)-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecan-8-one —— C10H14O2
    (1S,2R,6S,7S)-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecan-8-one
    —— (1S,2S,6R,7S)-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecan-8-one —— C10H14O2
    (1S,2S,6R,7S)-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecan-8-one
    —— (1S,2S,6S,7S)-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecan-8-one —— C10H14O2
    (1S,2S,6S,7S)-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecan-8-one
    —— (1R,2R,6R,7R)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C9H10O2
    (1R,2R,6R,7R)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (1R,5S)-5-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C11H14BrNO4
    (1R,5S)-5-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,5R)-5-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C11H14BrNO4
    (1R,5R)-5-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,5S)-5-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C11H14BrNO4
    (1S,5S)-5-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,2S,6S,7R)-9,9-dioxo-4-oxa-9lambda6-thiatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane-3,5-dione —— C8H8O5S
    (1R,2S,6S,7R)-9,9-dioxo-4-oxa-9lambda6-thiatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane-3,5-dione
    —— (1S,2S,6S,7R)-9,9-dioxo-4-oxa-9lambda6-thiatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane-3,5-dione —— C8H8O5S
    (1S,2S,6S,7R)-9,9-dioxo-4-oxa-9lambda6-thiatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane-3,5-dione
    —— (1R,4S,5S,8R,14R,15S,18R,19S,20S)-4,5,9,9,14,21,21-heptamethyl-10,25-dioxahexacyclo[18.3.2.01,19.04,18.05,15.08,14]pentacosan-11-one —— C30H48O3
    (1R,4S,5S,8R,14R,15S,18R,19S,20S)-4,5,9,9,14,21,21-heptamethyl-10,25-dioxahexacyclo[18.3.2.01,19.04,18.05,15.08,14]pentacosan-11-one
    —— (1R,4R,5S,8R,14R,15S,18R,19S,20S)-4,5,9,9,14,21,21-heptamethyl-10,25-dioxahexacyclo[18.3.2.01,19.04,18.05,15.08,14]pentacosan-11-one —— C30H48O3
    (1R,4R,5S,8R,14R,15S,18R,19S,20S)-4,5,9,9,14,21,21-heptamethyl-10,25-dioxahexacyclo[18.3.2.01,19.04,18.05,15.08,14]pentacosan-11-one
    —— [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3-phenyl-2,1-benzoxazole-5-carboxylate —— C18H13NO5
    [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3-phenyl-2,1-benzoxazole-5-carboxylate
    —— (3aR,6S,6aS)-6-chloro-5,5-dioxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,4-b]furan-2-one —— C6H7ClO4S
    (3aR,6S,6aS)-6-chloro-5,5-dioxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,4-b]furan-2-one
    —— (2S)-2-methyl-3-[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide —— C12H16N4O3S2
    (2S)-2-methyl-3-[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide
    —— (2S)-2-methyl-3-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide —— C12H16N4O3S2
    (2S)-2-methyl-3-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide