内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4,4'-Bis-(3-methyl-butyl)-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5,5'-dione | 35331-20-5 | C18H30O4 |
| —— | exo-5-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxobicyclo<2.2.2>octane-exo-2-carboxylic acid lactone | 79998-00-8 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | (5RS)-4,5-dihydro-5-<(1SR,2SR)-2-hydroxy-1-iodopropyl>-2(3H)-furanone | 105814-95-7 | C7H11IO3 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-5-(iodomethyl)-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one | 83160-95-6 | C10H15IO2 |
| —— | cis-5-allyl-4,5-dihydro-4-isopropyl-2(3H)-furanone | 112423-37-7 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 3,4-difluoro-5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one | 1610602-22-6 | C5H4F2O3 |
| —— | (4R,6S)-4-phenyl-6-trimethylsilyloxepan-2-one | 118527-80-3 | C15H22O2Si |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-Methyl-5-((E)-(S)-1-methyl-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 104547-43-5 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 3-hexyl-3-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one | 85287-96-3 | C16H28O2 |
| —— | (1S,3aS,6aR)-6-Isopropylidene-3-oxo-1-(3-triisopropylsilanyl-prop-2-ynyl)-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 900803-19-2 | C25H40O4Si |
| —— | 3-bromo-5-bromomethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 55357-53-4 | C5H6Br2O2 |
| —— | (4S,6R)-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-6-(iodomethyl)oxan-2-one | 116627-68-0 | C22H27IO3Si |
| —— | 4-Prop-1-enyloxetan-2-one | 63450-11-3 | C6H8O2 |
| —— | 2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 41589-36-0 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | γ lactone of l-isorhamnonic acid | 886029-67-0 | C6H10O5 |
| —— | methyl (2R,3S)-2-isopropyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1199942-06-7 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (3S,3aS,4S,6S,7aR,8R,9aR)-4,6,8-Trihydroxy-3,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,6,7,7a,8,9,9a-octahydro-3H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one | 123159-82-0 | C15H22O5 |
| —— | α-Fluor-δ,δ-dimethyl-δ-caprolactam | 3854-63-5 | C7H11FO2 |
| —— | 5-(3,3-dimethylbutylidene)-4-methyloxolan-2-one | 1253948-28-5 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-3-trifluormethyl-glutarsaeureanhydrid | 773-19-3 | C7H7F3O3 |
| —— | N-(2',2'-dimethyl-4',6'-dioxo-2',3'-dihydro-4'H,6'H-dispiro[cyclopropane-1,5'-benzofuran-7',1''-cyclopropan]-3'-yl)acetamide | 1446556-12-2 | C16H19NO4 |
| —— | 1600522-66-4 | C18H22O6 | |
| —— | methyl Δ2-deoxoangolensate | 130877-20-2 | C27H34O6 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-iodoethyl)oxolan-2-one | 81357-37-1 | C6H9IO3 |
| —— | (1R,3R,6R,9R)-4-Hydroxymethyl-3,6-dimethyl-10,12-dioxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodec-4-en-11-one | 200572-00-5 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | (1S,4R)-N-((1S,2R)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide | 1237494-97-1 | C19H22FNO3 |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid (1S,5R)-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-ylmethyl ester | 256469-64-4 | C7H10O5S |
| —— | [1-[(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]-4,4-difluorooctan-3-yl] acetate | 1421691-00-0 | C17H26F2O5 |
| —— | (-)-(S)-4-(but-3-en-1-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1417889-36-1 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 3-(3-phenyl-propyl)-1,6-dioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-2,7-dione | 94429-29-5 | C16H18O4 |
| —— | (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-[4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pentylidene]oxolan-2-one | 261357-20-4 | C47H62O4Si2 |
| —— | Germacrendiolid | 97493-02-2 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-3,6-diphenyl-tetrahydropyron-(2) | 93877-64-6 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | (3S,4R)-3,4-diallyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one | 1209462-59-8 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (S)-5-[(S)-iodo(cyclohexyl)methyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1415637-22-7 | C11H17IO2 |
| —— | 3-(benzyloxymethoxy)glutaric anhydride | 1607830-32-9 | C13H14O5 |
| —— | trans-6-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-5-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-dioxan-2-one | 92420-35-4 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 93716-38-2 | C23H32O4 | |
| —— | 5-(chloroformyl)-cis,cis-1,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic anhydride | 79410-29-0 | C12H15ClO4 |
| —— | (3RS,4RS)-4-[(2S)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-oxy}tridecyl]-3-hexyloxetan-2-one | 827020-08-6 | C28H56O3Si |
| —— | 3,3-Dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-oxetanon-(3) | 3285-46-9 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-6,7-O,O-(glutaryl)synthanecine A | 103252-50-2 | C12H17NO4 |
| —— | 6β-Hydroxyisochiliolide | 132215-18-0 | C20H28O6 |
| —— | (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-cyclohexyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 109277-38-5 | C18H22O3 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-((S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1613221-19-4 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | (1S,5R,8S)-1-[(S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-hept-6-enyl]-8-vinyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 127791-69-9 | C22H38O3Si |
| —— | 100757-21-9 | C12H18O3 | |
| —— | (S)-7-Heptyl-oxepan-2-one | 130409-62-0 | C13H24O2 |
| —— | 3-(3-Acetoxy-propyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran | 90613-23-3 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | Acetic acid 10-methyl-3,5-dioxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodec-12-yl ester | 97597-42-7 | C14H18O5 |
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