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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 8-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-11-oxa-2,4,5-triazatricyclo[7.4.0.03,7]trideca-1,3(7)-diene-6,10-dione —— C16H13BrFN3O3
    8-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-11-oxa-2,4,5-triazatricyclo[7.4.0.03,7]trideca-1,3(7)-diene-6,10-dione
    —— 3-[[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl)ethoxy]carbonylamino]propane-1-sulfonic acid —— C10H15NO10S
    3-[[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl)ethoxy]carbonylamino]propane-1-sulfonic acid
    —— 5-Methyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C13H14O3
    5-Methyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 1-Tert-butyl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one —— C13H20O2
    1-Tert-butyl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one
    —— 1-[(2-Fluoro-2-methylbutoxy)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one —— C14H23FO3
    1-[(2-Fluoro-2-methylbutoxy)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hexoxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C12H20O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hexoxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H16O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3Z)-3-[9-(oxiran-2-yl)nonylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C15H24O3
    (3Z)-3-[9-(oxiran-2-yl)nonylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5-Fluoro-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C8H9FO4
    (5-Fluoro-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (4Z)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxyiminooxolan-2-one —— C6H9NO6
    (4Z)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxyiminooxolan-2-one
    —— 7-Methyl-3-methylidene-6-(3-oxobutyl)-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one —— C16H24O3
    7-Methyl-3-methylidene-6-(3-oxobutyl)-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (2S,12S)-11-butanoyl-6-butylidene-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[9.5.2.01,12.02,10.03,7]octadeca-3(7),15-diene-4,17-dione —— C24H28O5
    (2S,12S)-11-butanoyl-6-butylidene-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[9.5.2.01,12.02,10.03,7]octadeca-3(7),15-diene-4,17-dione
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-butyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C23H35BrO2
    (4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-butyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-4-[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxypentan-2-yl]oxetan-2-one —— C8H14O3
    (4R)-4-[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxypentan-2-yl]oxetan-2-one
    —— 1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,5-dione —— C9H12O4
    1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,5-dione
    —— 5-(2-Methylsulfanylpropyl)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C8H12O3S
    5-(2-Methylsulfanylpropyl)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3-Methoxy-4-methylidene-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-1-yl) acetate —— C11H14O5
    (3-Methoxy-4-methylidene-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-1-yl) acetate
    —— [(1R,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxyoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C26H38O7
    [(1R,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-carboxyoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 11-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-pyrrolidin-1-yl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-1(16)-ene-4,14-dione —— C19H25NO6
    11-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-pyrrolidin-1-yl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-1(16)-ene-4,14-dione
    —— 3-Methyloxane-2,6-dione;prop-2-enyl 13-amino-46,49,58,62,71-pentaoxo-12,22,36-trioxa-5,20,29,38,45,50,57,63,70-nonazaundecacyclo[31.15.10.109,25.13,47.17,11.123,27.131,35.014,19.039,44.051,56.064,69]doheptaconta-1,3(59),7,9,11(72),20,23(61),24,26,31,33,35(60),47-tridecaene-29-carboxylate —— C70H86N10O13
    3-Methyloxane-2,6-dione;prop-2-enyl 13-amino-46,49,58,62,71-pentaoxo-12,22,36-trioxa-5,20,29,38,45,50,57,63,70-nonazaundecacyclo[31.15.10.109,25.13,47.17,11.123,27.131,35.014,19.039,44.051,56.064,69]doheptaconta-1,3(59),7,9,11(72),20,23(61),24,26,31,33,35(60),47-tridecaene-29-carboxylate
    —— (3S,4S)-4-hept-5-enyl-3-hexyloxetan-2-one —— C16H28O2
    (3S,4S)-4-hept-5-enyl-3-hexyloxetan-2-one
    —— (4-Methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-yl) 1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate —— C20H32O4
    (4-Methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-yl) 1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate
    —— (3aR,6aS)-3a-benzyl-5-methylidene-1,4,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one —— C15H16O2
    (3aR,6aS)-3a-benzyl-5-methylidene-1,4,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one
    —— (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate —— C21H32O4
    (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate
    —— [(5S)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl]oxy-trihydroxyphosphanium —— C6H10O9P+
    [(5S)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl]oxy-trihydroxyphosphanium
    —— 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione —— C12H18O3
    3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— (3R)-3-butyl-4-pentylideneoxetan-2-one —— C12H20O2
    (3R)-3-butyl-4-pentylideneoxetan-2-one
    —— (4R)-4-benzyl-3-[(2S)-6-bromo-2-propan-2-ylhex-4-enoyl]oxolan-2-one —— C20H25BrO3
    (4R)-4-benzyl-3-[(2S)-6-bromo-2-propan-2-ylhex-4-enoyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]iminomethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H15NO2
    3-[[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]iminomethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C19H27BrO2
    (5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-[[5-(2-methylpropoxy)-4,5-dihydrotriazol-1-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C11H17N3O3
    (3Z)-3-[[5-(2-methylpropoxy)-4,5-dihydrotriazol-1-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 6-(2-Phenylethyl)-3-(2-thiophen-2-ylacetyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C19H18O4S
    6-(2-Phenylethyl)-3-(2-thiophen-2-ylacetyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-3-propan-2-ylhexan-2-yl)oxyoxolan-2-one —— C15H28O4
    3-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-3-propan-2-ylhexan-2-yl)oxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 7-(2-Hydroxy-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)oxepan-2-one —— C10H16O5
    7-(2-Hydroxy-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)oxepan-2-one
    —— 5-Methoxy-4-oxa-10-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decan-3-one —— C9H13NO3
    5-Methoxy-4-oxa-10-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decan-3-one
    —— (4R,5R)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    (4R,5R)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 1,1-Difluoro-2-oxo-2-[(5-oxo-4-oxatetracyclo[4.3.1.01,8.03,10]decan-2-yl)oxy]ethanesulfonic acid —— C11H10F2O7S
    1,1-Difluoro-2-oxo-2-[(5-oxo-4-oxatetracyclo[4.3.1.01,8.03,10]decan-2-yl)oxy]ethanesulfonic acid
    —— (3R,4S,5R,6S)-4-[iodo(tritiophosphanylidene)-lambda4-sulfanyl]oxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(2S)-pent-3-en-2-yl]oxan-2-one —— C12H20IO3PS
    (3R,4S,5R,6S)-4-[iodo(tritiophosphanylidene)-lambda4-sulfanyl]oxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(2S)-pent-3-en-2-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— 2-[[1-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]-hydroxymethoxy]-6-[(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)oxymethyl]-10-(trifluoromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one —— C26H37F3O7
    2-[[1-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]-hydroxymethoxy]-6-[(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)oxymethyl]-10-(trifluoromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one
    —— 4-Oxatricyclo[5.4.0.02,10]undecan-3-one —— C10H14O2
    4-Oxatricyclo[5.4.0.02,10]undecan-3-one
    —— (3aR,5R)-4-(3-oxobutylidene)-5-triethylsilyloxy-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C17H28O4Si
    (3aR,5R)-4-(3-oxobutylidene)-5-triethylsilyloxy-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4,8-trione —— C18H20O4
    3-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4,8-trione
    —— (3E)-3-[5-[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]pentoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C15H20O6
    (3E)-3-[5-[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]pentoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— [(2Z)-1-hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-9-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O6
    [(2Z)-1-hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-9-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 3-(11-Dodecenylidene)-5-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C17H28O3
    3-(11-Dodecenylidene)-5-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R,5S,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxepan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    (4R,5S,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxepan-2-one
    —— (7,9-Dimethyl-6-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.13,9]dodecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(1,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(6-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.13,9]dodecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C70H108O16
    (7,9-Dimethyl-6-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.13,9]dodecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(1,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(6-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.13,9]dodecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-5-(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroxyethyl)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H8O9
    (5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-5-(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroxyethyl)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (6-Oxo-5-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.04,8]decan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C13H16O4
    (6-Oxo-5-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.04,8]decan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (10R,14S,15S)-10,14-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-4-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',7-dione —— C24H30O3
    (10R,14S,15S)-10,14-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-4-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',7-dione