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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R)-4-(9-decylenyl)oxetan-2-one 261159-46-0 C13H22O2
    (R)-4-(9-decylenyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 4-bromodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 16507-31-6 C4H5BrO2
    4-bromodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-bromo-4,4-di-methylbutanolide 780767-70-6 C9H13BrO4
    2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-bromo-4,4-di-methylbutanolide
    —— 4,4'-disulfanediylbis(dihydrofuran-2-one) 192121-58-7 C8H10O4S2
    4,4'-disulfanediylbis(dihydrofuran-2-one)
    —— 2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-bromo-4-methylbutanolide 780767-71-7 C8H11BrO4
    2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-bromo-4-methylbutanolide
    —— 2-furyl (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate 446035-38-7 C14H16O5
    2-furyl (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (R)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 198758-05-3 C12H16O2Si
    (R)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (+)-(2S,3R)-cis-endo-3-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid lactone 95340-92-4 C9H10O2
    (+)-(2S,3R)-cis-endo-3-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid lactone
    —— (S)-β-(2-propyl)-γ-butyrolactone 80410-19-1 C7H12O2
    (S)-β-(2-propyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3S,4S)-4-[(E)-3-[(3aR,7aR)-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo[d][1,3,2]diazaphosphol-2-yl]prop-2-enyl]-3-benzyloxolan-2-one 150932-55-1 C22H31N2O3P
    (3S,4S)-4-[(E)-3-[(3aR,7aR)-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo[d][1,3,2]diazaphosphol-2-yl]prop-2-enyl]-3-benzyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 42867-48-1 C7H12O3
    4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (+/-)-(1S*,2R*,6S*,7R*)-4-Oxatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-one 85718-44-1 C9H10O2
    (+/-)-(1S*,2R*,6S*,7R*)-4-Oxatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (2RS,1'SR)-3-(hydroxyphenylmethyl)dihydro-1(2H)-furanone 85100-11-4 C11H12O3
    (2RS,1'SR)-3-(hydroxyphenylmethyl)dihydro-1(2H)-furanone
    —— α,α-dimethyl-β-hydroxybutyrolactone 3285-47-0 C6H10O3
    α,α-dimethyl-β-hydroxybutyrolactone
    —— 4-Azidooxolan-2-one 189870-41-5 C4H5N3O2
    4-Azidooxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(1'-methacryloyloxycyclohexan-1'-yl)butanolide 297156-24-2 C14H20O4
    3-(1'-methacryloyloxycyclohexan-1'-yl)butanolide
    —— 4-Cyclohexyldihydro-2(3H)-furanon 54996-29-1 C10H16O2
    4-Cyclohexyldihydro-2(3H)-furanon
    —— (S)-4-ethyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 185254-88-0 C6H10O2
    (S)-4-ethyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (4S)-4-[(E)-3-[(3aR,7aR)-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo[d][1,3,2]diazaphosphol-2-yl]prop-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one 150932-54-0 C15H25N2O3P
    (4S)-4-[(E)-3-[(3aR,7aR)-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo[d][1,3,2]diazaphosphol-2-yl]prop-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-phenyldihydrofuran-2-one 68844-05-3 C10H10O2
    4-phenyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-[(E)-3-[(3aR,7aR)-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo[d][1,3,2]diazaphosphol-2-yl]prop-2-enyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one 1141896-07-2 C16H27N2O3P
    (3S,4S)-4-[(E)-3-[(3aR,7aR)-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo[d][1,3,2]diazaphosphol-2-yl]prop-2-enyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-4-ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 774198-33-3 C6H10O2
    (R)-4-ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (R)-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H10O2
    (R)-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— ethyl 3-bromo-5-isobutoxymethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 878284-23-2 C12H19BrO5
    ethyl 3-bromo-5-isobutoxymethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— 3(S)-amino-γ-butyrolactone·hydrobromide 104323-16-2 BrH*C4H7NO2
    3(S)-amino-γ-butyrolactone·hydrobromide
    —— ethyl 5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 14872-53-8 C8H12O4
    ethyl 5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (E)-3-decyl-4-undecylideneoxetan-2-one 872631-15-7 C24H44O2
    (E)-3-decyl-4-undecylideneoxetan-2-one
    —— 8-ethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]-decan-2-one 91069-39-5 C11H18O2
    8-ethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]-decan-2-one
    —— (1R,5S)-1-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 96847-52-8 C11H10O2
    (1R,5S)-1-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 5-(tert-butyl)oxepan-2-one 34680-83-6 C10H18O2
    5-(tert-butyl)oxepan-2-one
    —— 5-Phenyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 77415-39-5 C13H16O2
    5-Phenyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-Phenyl-3,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 22173-37-1 C12H14O2
    5-Phenyl-3,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (S)-(-)-5-butyl-δ-valerolactone 109061-96-3 C9H16O2
    (S)-(-)-5-butyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— (R)-δ-nonalactone 99461-67-3 C9H16O2
    (R)-δ-nonalactone
    —— 3-Butyl-8-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-dien-1-one 1097642-68-6 C14H20O2
    3-Butyl-8-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-dien-1-one
    —— 5-butyl-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one 62581-37-7 C10H18O2
    5-butyl-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3aS,4R,7S,7aR)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one 95340-88-8 C9H10O2
    (3aS,4R,7S,7aR)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one
    —— (1SR,2RS,6SR,7RS)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one —— C9H10O2
    (1SR,2RS,6SR,7RS)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— 3-(4-Chloro-3-methoxybutanoyl)oxolan-2-one 860624-81-3 C9H13ClO4
    3-(4-Chloro-3-methoxybutanoyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3,3-Dimethyl-4-methylideneoxetan-2-one 1173000-03-7 C6H8O2
    3,3-Dimethyl-4-methylideneoxetan-2-one
    —— 5-isopropyl-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 22092-71-3 C9H16O2
    5-isopropyl-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-oxahomoadamantan-5-one 21898-84-0 C10H14O2
    4-oxahomoadamantan-5-one
    —— 3-oxatetracyclo[6.3.1.1<sup>6,10</sup>.0<sup>2,6</sup>]tridecan-4-one 25106-40-5 C12H16O2
    3-oxatetracyclo[6.3.1.1<sup>6,10</sup>.0<sup>2,6</sup>]tridecan-4-one
    —— [(2S)-6,7-dichloro-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 697287-54-0 C13H18Cl2O4
    [(2S)-6,7-dichloro-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one 500777-28-6 C13H18O4
    (1R,4S,5S)-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 877382-19-9 C7H10O3
    (1R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— 7-Oxo-1-phenyl-6-oxatricyclo<3.2.0.0<sup>2,4</sup>>heptan-5-carbonsaeure-methylester 127379-36-6 C14H12O4
    7-Oxo-1-phenyl-6-oxatricyclo<3.2.0.0<sup>2,4</sup>>heptan-5-carbonsaeure-methylester
    —— (1R*,2S*,3S*,4R*)-3,4-dichlorocyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride 4924-43-0 C6H4Cl2O3
    (1R*,2S*,3S*,4R*)-3,4-dichlorocyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
    —— (4S,5S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-methyldihydrofuran-2-one 152366-57-9 C12H24O3Si
    (4S,5S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 103233-14-3 C22H28O3Si
    (4S,5S)-5-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one