内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | N-[(2R,4R)-2-(Acetylamino-methyl)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl]-acetamide | 34670-27-4 | C10H16N2O4 |
| —— | (5S,6R,9S)-6-(acetoxymethyl)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxa-2-oxospiro[4.4]nonane | 190246-82-3 | C12H18O5 |
| —— | 5-[(1R,2R)-2-(2-Methoxy-ethoxymethoxy)-1-methyl-pentyl]-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxane-4,6-dione | 121644-04-0 | C16H28O7 |
| —— | Imidazole-1-carbothioic acid O-[(S)-1-((S)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl] ester | 145020-89-9 | C11H14N2O3S |
| —— | (1S,5R,8S)-8-Methoxy-9-oxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.01,5]undecan-10-one | 120966-99-6 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | sodium 2-(decyloxy)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-sulfonate | 1438388-51-2 | C14H25O6S*Na |
| —— | (5β)-1β-(2(E)-methoxy-1-propenyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-4-one | 138212-19-8 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | methyl (4aRS,6aRS,6bSR,7aRS,8aRS)-1,2,4a,6a,6b,7,7a,8-octahydro-1-(hydroxymethyl)-7a-methyl-2-oxo-4H-cyclopropa<4,5>pentaleno<1,6a-c>pyran-5-carboxylate | 137871-57-9 | C16H20O5 |
| —— | (3S,3aS,6aS)-3-Propyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-b]furan-2,5-dione | 99098-23-4 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | 4-(3-oxo-octylidene)-3a,7a-dihydro-4H-thiopyrano<4,3-b>-furan-2(3H)-one | 116013-11-7 | C15H20O3S |
| —— | 2-Isobutyliden-butyrolacton | 5407-54-5 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydroxy-8-isopropyl-2,5,6-trimethyl-endo-bicyclo<2.2.2>octan-dicarbonsaeure-(5,6)-dilacton-(5->3;6->2) | 7197-21-9 | C16H22O4 |
| —— | γ-ethoxy[4-3H1]butyrolactone | 1035845-99-8 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | methyl N-[(2R,3S)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]carbamate | 102302-86-3 | C16H21NO5 |
| —— | 2,2-Dichlor-3,4-dimethyl-γ-butyrolacton | 32819-22-0 | C6H8Cl2O2 |
| —— | (1R,5R,6S,8R)-6-Bromo-8-[(E)-(S)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-oct-1-enyl]-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 87758-56-3 | C21H37BrO3Si |
| —— | (S)-(+)-trimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-butanolide | 85701-09-3 | C8H16O3Si |
| —— | ((E)-5-Cyclooct-1-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 96232-80-3 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5S)-5-((1S,2S)-3-Bromo-1,2-dihydroxy-propyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 221129-07-3 | C7H11BrO6 |
| —— | S-(-)-ceasium camphanate | 131485-24-0 | C10H13O4*Cs |
| —— | 3-[(3S,4R)-4-((E)-But-1-enyl)-2,5-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-propionic acid | 75780-41-5 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | [(1S,4S,5R,9R,10S,13S)-5,9,13-trimethyl-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-5-yl]methyl acetate | 108295-61-0 | C21H32O4 |
| —— | (3a<i>S</i>)-3<i>c</i>,5a,7ξ-trimethyl-(3a<i>r</i>,5aξ,9aξ,10a<i>t</i>)-octahydro-furo[2',3';4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-<i>b</i>]pyran-2,10-dione | 24399-27-7 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | (R)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 152094-12-7 | C22H28O3Si |
| —— | 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 7-chloro-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-, cis- | 103723-38-2 | C8H9ClO2 |
| —— | 7,10-dioxo-exo-9-phenyl-8-oxa-12-methyltetracyclo<4.3.3.1<sup>2,5</sup>.0<sup>1.6</sup>>trisdeca-3-ene | 121238-65-1 | C19H18O3 |
| —— | (3R,5S,6R)-5-Methoxy-6-((1S,3R)-1-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-3-methyl-butyl)-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 116386-85-7 | C15H28O6 |
| —— | (1R,2R,5S,6R)-1-Methyl-4-oxo-2-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-ene-6-carboxylic acid | 115010-91-8 | C16H16O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5S,6aR)-ethyl-6a-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate | 1111644-88-2 | C16H20O5S |
| —— | cis-syn-7a-Hydroxy-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-indan-dicarbonsaeure-(4,5)-lacton | 104217-04-1 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | (3aR,6S,7aS)-6-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3a-hydroxy-3,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-2-one | 433218-96-3 | C14H26O4Si |
| —— | 2-fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-4-bromomethyl-4-butanolide | 134251-75-5 | C6H5BrF4O2 |
| —— | 5-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)pentadecan-1,4-olide | 145073-72-9 | C21H42O3Si |
| —— | 7,9-dimethoxy-1-oxaspiro<5.4>deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione | 79623-01-1 | C11H12O5 |
| —— | 3,4-dibromo-4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxymethyl-3H-furan-2-one | 109765-97-1 | C5H6Br2O3 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-prop-2-ynoxyoxolan-2-one | 1312439-60-3 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | (R,Z)-3-(6-tert-butoxy-(1-trimethylsilyl)hex-1-enyl)-3-methylcyclopentanone | 1261490-32-7 | C19H36O2Si |
| —— | [Ag(camphanic acid(-1))(camphanic acid)](n) | 811440-19-4 | Ag*C10H13O4*C10H14O4 |
| —— | 1613229-42-7 | C8H10INO3 | |
| —— | 1240408-59-6 | C16H24O4 | |
| —— | 6-Ethynyl-6-hydroxy-2a,5a,7-trimethyl-decahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 1149-78-6 | C16H22O3 |
| —— | (3Z)-3-(cyclohexylmethylidene)oxolan-2-one | 66909-50-0 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 87568-01-2 | C15H16O5 | |
| —— | methyl 3-methylthio-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 86278-93-5 | C13H14O4S |
| —— | (3aS,4R,5R,6S,6aS)-4,5,6-Trihydroxy-6-isopropyl-5-methyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 84415-21-4 | C11H18O5 |
| —— | α-Carbethoxy-β-imino-γ-butyrolacton | 26536-78-7 | C7H9NO4 |
| —— | 2-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid | 92016-33-6 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(4-Acetyloxy-2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 107998-34-5 | C33H54O7Si |
| —— | (1R,5R,8S)-2,2-Dimethoxy-8-methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-7-one | 128562-31-2 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 4-Allyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 69556-35-0 | C10H14O2 |
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