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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylate —— C10H11NO5
    [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylate
    —— [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (5S,7R)-3-bromoadamantane-1-carboxylate —— C15H19BrO4
    [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (5S,7R)-3-bromoadamantane-1-carboxylate
    —— (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H16Br2O3
    (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6R)-5-bromo-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H16Br2O3
    (5S,6R)-5-bromo-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (2R,3R)-2-hexyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H18O4
    (2R,3R)-2-hexyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3S)-2-hexyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H18O4
    (2R,3S)-2-hexyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3S)-2-hexyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H18O4
    (2S,3S)-2-hexyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3R)-2-hexyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H18O4
    (2S,3R)-2-hexyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (4S)-4-bromo-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C5H5BrO3
    (4S)-4-bromo-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 3-[(2S)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanoic acid —— C9H14O4
    3-[(2S)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanoic acid
    —— (4R)-4-(3-ethoxy-2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H14O4
    (4R)-4-(3-ethoxy-2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[(2R)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanoic acid —— C9H14O4
    3-[(2R)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanoic acid
    —— (4S)-4-(3-ethoxy-2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H14O4
    (4S)-4-(3-ethoxy-2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-4-bromo-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C5H5BrO3
    (4R)-4-bromo-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (3R,4R)-4,5,5-Trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid —— C8H12O4
    (3R,4R)-4,5,5-Trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,4S)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C8H12O4
    (3R,4S)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S,4S)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C8H12O4
    (3S,4S)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyloxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C9H10O3
    (3S,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyloxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyloxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C9H10O3
    (3R,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyloxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyloxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C9H10O3
    (3S,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyloxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyloxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C9H10O3
    (3R,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyloxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (5R)-5-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C6H10O3
    (5R)-5-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C6H8O3
    (3S)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C6H8O3
    (3R)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R,5S)-5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H9F3O2
    (3R,5S)-5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(6,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C36H56O8
    (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(6,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (3R)-3-chlorooxolane-2,4-dione —— C4H3ClO3
    (3R)-3-chlorooxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6S)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione —— C12H20O3
    (5S,6S)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R,6R)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione —— C12H20O3
    (5R,6R)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 1-[(3R)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl]ethenyl-propylazanium —— C9H14NO3+
    1-[(3R)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl]ethenyl-propylazanium
    —— [1-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]prop-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [1-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]prop-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea
    —— (3Z,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,5S,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3Z,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,5S,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-butyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (3R,5R)-3-butyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-butyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (3S,5S)-3-butyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,5S,6S)-1-bromo-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid —— C6H5BrO4
    (1R,5S,6S)-1-bromo-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-[(2R,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-1-enylthiourea —— C13H22N2O2S
    2-[(2R,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-1-enylthiourea
    —— (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate —— C6H4Cl3O4-
    (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (2S,3R)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H5Cl3O4
    (2S,3R)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3R)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate —— C6H4Cl3O4-
    (2R,3R)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (2R,3S)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate —— C6H4Cl3O4-
    (2R,3S)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (5S)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H8O6
    (5S)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— [(1R,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O5
    [(1R,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (3R,3Ar,4R,9aS,9bR)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    (3R,3Ar,4R,9aS,9bR)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (1S,2S,5S)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C11H15O4-
    (1S,2S,5S)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (1R,2S,5R)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C11H15O4-
    (1R,2S,5R)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3S,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C6H7O4-
    (3S,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C6H7O4-
    (3S,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C6H7O4-
    (3R,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S,4S)-(-)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid 869594-39-8 C6H8O4
    (3S,4S)-(-)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C6H7O4-
    (3R,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate