内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-acetyl-2-(ethylenedithio)-5-pentanolide | 89665-11-2 | C9H12O3S2 |
|
| —— | 7-Acetyl-6-methoxy-9-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decan-10-one | 89665-14-5 | C10H14O4S2 |
|
| —— | (1S,5R,6R)-6-((E)-prop-1-en-1-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 1259071-54-9 | C8H10O2 |
|
| —— | RID13 | 52914-44-0 | C16H30O2 |
|
| —— | (3aα,6β,6aα)-6,8,8-trimethyl-3a,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-c]furan-1(3H)-one | 178879-65-7 | C15H20O2 |
|
| —— | (1β,5α,6α)-6-((E)-propenyl)-1-(4,4-dimethyl-1-pentenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 178879-66-8 | C15H20O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,2R,9R,12S)-1,12-dimethyl-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-7-en-11-one | 550334-63-9 | C13H18O2 |
|
| —— | [(E)-(2-oxo-5-propyloxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]urea | 53761-34-5 | C9H14N2O3 |
|
| —— | NSC-177865 | 53761-35-6 | C7H10N2O3 |
|
| —— | [(E)-(5-ethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]urea | 53761-33-4 | C8H12N2O3 |
|
| —— | (4Z)-4-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ylidene)oxolane-2,3-dione | 72900-57-3 | C9H11NO4 |
|
| —— | [(E)-(5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]urea | 53761-30-1 | C7H10N2O3 |
|
| —— | 5-(azidomethyl)-3,3-difluorodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 189136-13-8 | C5H5F2N3O2 |
|
| —— | (5R)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2,3-bis(triethylsilyloxy)propyl]oxolan-2-one | 462099-54-3 | C25H54O5Si3 |
|
| —— | (1R,3R,4aS,4bR,6R,8R,8aS,10S,10aS)-10-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1,4a,6-trimethyl-8-(triethylsilyloxy)tetradecahydrophenanthrene-1,3-carbolactone | 756532-81-7 | C30H56O4Si2 |
|
| —— | Levatin | 140670-84-4 | C19H20O5 |
|
| —— | 3-acetyl-5-octyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 3620-22-2 | C14H24O3 |
|
| —— | 4-Nonyl-3-octyl-oxetan-2-one | 872631-19-1 | C20H38O2 |
|
| —— | (3S,4R,5R)-3-[N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino]-5-hydroxyhexano-4-lactone | 257908-02-4 | C11H19NO5 |
|
| —— | (4R,4aR,7aS)-1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2,4,4a,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-d][1,3]oxazin-6-one | 257908-05-7 | C14H23NO5 |
|
| —— | (3aS,6aR)-6-phenylselanyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 65234-92-6 | C13H14O2Se |
|
| —— | 2-oxo-3-dimethylaminomethylenetetrahydrofuran | 34009-40-0 | C7H11NO2 |
|
| —— | dihydro-3-[(dimethylamino)methylene]-2(3H)-furanone | 34009-40-0 | C7H11NO2 |
|
| —— | 3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetan-2-one | 1393588-38-9 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | (2aS,3S,5aR,6R,8aR,8bR)-6-hydroxymethyl-3,6-dimethyldecahydronaphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 535932-72-0 | C14H22O3 |
|
| —— | (2aS,3R,5aR,6R,8aR,8bR)-6-hydroxymethyl-3,6-dimethyldecahydronaphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 535932-78-6 | C14H22O3 |
|
| —— | (Z)-α-(1-bromopentylidene)-β-(n-pentyl)-β-lactone | 849705-26-6 | C13H21BrO2 |
|
| —— | (R)-(+)-pentynyllactone | 136173-92-7 | C10H14O2 |
|
| —— | (3S,6S)-3-methyl-5-methylidene-6-propan-2-yloxan-2-one | —— | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | (3R*,5R*,6R*)-(+/-)-6-isopropyl-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one | —— | C10H18O2 |
|
| —— | trans-3-benzyl-2-isopropenyl-γ-butyrolactone | 139669-58-2 | C14H16O2 |
|
| —— | trans-3-benzyl-2-ethyl-γ-butyrolactone | 127951-06-8 | C13H16O2 |
|
| —— | trans-4-vinyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one | 139669-59-3 | C9H12O2 |
|
| —— | 4-(1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 107686-54-4 | C9H9Cl2F3O2 |
|
| —— | 3-isobutyl-3-(2-methylallyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1321199-97-6 | C12H20O2 |
|
| —— | trans-4,5-Dihydro-3-methyl-5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutyl)-2(3H)-furanone | 143585-42-6 | C11H18O3 |
|
| —— | cis-4,5-Dihydro-3-methyl-5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutyl)-2(3H)-furanone | 143585-42-6 | C11H18O3 |
|
| —— | 3-methylaminomethylenedihydrofuran-2-one | 819080-61-0 | C6H9NO2 |
|
| —— | 4-(phenylselanyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 116733-40-5 | C13H14O2Se |
|
| —— | (6S)-(+)-jasmine lactone | 136173-91-6 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | (R)-(-)-jasmine lactone | 136173-93-8 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | methyl (1S,2R,6R,7S,10R,11R)-2,11-dihydroxy-6-methyl-9-oxo-10-prop-1-en-2-yl-8-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undec-4-ene-5-carboxylate | 206267-77-8 | C16H20O6 |
|
| —— | (3R,4S,5S)-4-methoxy-3-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyloxan-2-one | 220092-38-6 | C9H16O5 |
|
| —— | trans-3-benzyl-2-propyl-γ-butyrolactone | 139669-89-9 | C14H18O2 |
|
| —— | trans-3-benzyl-2-<(E)-1-propenyl>-γ-butyrolactone | 113495-39-9 | C14H16O2 |
|
| —— | (5R)-5-[(1R,12R)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-12,13-dihydroxytridecyl]oxolan-2-one | 851040-40-9 | C23H46O5Si |
|
| —— | (5R)-5-[(1R)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxytridec-12-enyl]oxolan-2-one | 851040-35-2 | C23H44O3Si |
|
| —— | dihydro-5-(3'-trifluoroacetoxybutyl)-2(3H)-furanone | 607388-30-7 | C10H13F3O4 |
|
| —— | endosulfan-lactone | —— | C9H4Cl6O2 |
|
| —— | dihydro-5,5-diethyl-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 34405-54-4 | C9H16O2 |
|
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