内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Acetic acid (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-2-oxo-4-(2-pentylsulfanyl-ethyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl ester | 64861-56-9 | C16H26O4S |
| —— | (+/-)-4,5-trans-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-iodomethyl-3-pentylidenetetrahydrofuran-2-one | 78257-77-9 | C16H29IO3Si |
| —— | (+)-(1SR,5RS)-cis-(1S,5R)-3-oxa-7-thiabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one | 92340-73-3 | C6H8O2S |
| —— | (1R,5R)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.2]non-6-en-3-one | 1220881-87-7 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | (R,S)-5-[(R)-propyl-(tert-butanesulfinylamino)methyl]furan-2(4H)-one | 1329451-02-6 | C12H23NO3S |
| —— | γ-Heptyl-α-benzyl-butyrolacton | 40541-38-6 | C18H26O2 |
| —— | [(S)-1-((2R,3R,4R)-2-Iodomethyl-4-methoxy-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 152455-03-3 | C15H26INO5 |
| —— | 1192231-12-1 | C10H16O4 | |
| —— | 6-azido-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone | 767343-98-6 | C6H9N3O3 |
| —— | [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (2R)-2-iodo-3-methylbutanoate | 145439-90-3 | C11H17IO4 |
| —— | 5-bromo-1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>oct-2-en-8-one | 70518-73-9 | C8H9BrO3 |
| —— | (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,4S,4aR,7S,8S,8aS)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-4,4a-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 85614-22-8 | C30H52O7Si |
| —— | 4,4-Diethyl-2-methyl-4-germa-γ-butyrolacton | 35843-41-5 | C8H16GeO2 |
| —— | 8-methyl-6-diisobutoxymethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-7-ene | 107805-95-8 | C17H28O4 |
| —— | 1,3,13-trimethyl-6-oxatricyclo<8.3.0.03,7>tridec-12-ene-2,5-dione | 139697-10-2 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | 7,10-Dimethyl-8-oxaspiro<4.5>deca-3,7-dien-2-one | 138291-58-4 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3-{2-(S)-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethoxy]-3-iodopropyl}-5-iodomethyldihydrofuran-2-one | 848821-24-9 | C22H24I2O4 |
| —— | [(1S,5S,6R,7S,11R,13R,16S)-7-hydroxy-11,15,18,18-tetramethyl-13,16-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyloxy]-3,8,12-trioxo-2,4-dioxatetracyclo[12.3.1.01,5.06,11]octadeca-9,14-dien-7-yl]methyl acetate | 1188021-13-7 | C33H44O14 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid | 117364-33-7 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (1<i>S</i>)-6<i>endo</i>-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-6<i>exo</i>-carboxylic acid | 57688-96-7 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (2R,3S,6S,7R,9R)-2-Iodo-1-methoxycarbonyloxymethyl-5-oxo-4,8-dioxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 68300-74-3 | C12H13IO8 |
| —— | Formic acid (3aR,4S,4aR,5S,9aR)-4a,5-dimethyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,4a,5,6,7,9,9a-decahydro-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4-yl ester | 65563-76-0 | C16H20O4 |
| —— | 4,9,13,18-Tetramethyl-5,16-dioxa-tricyclo[13.3.0.0<sup>4,6</sup>]octadec-1(18)-ene-3,17-dione | 67240-48-6 | C20H30O4 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5S)-(E)-4-hydroxy-8-iodo-3,5-dimethyloct-6-enoic acid lactone | 141858-90-4 | C10H15IO2 |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-3-(o-tolyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 524937-60-8 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (3aR,6aR)-6-Hydroxy-4-((E)-3-oxo-oct-1-enyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 66379-07-5 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | Spiro<2.3>hexan-4,5-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid | 64630-97-3 | C8H8O3 |
| —— | 2-oxa-5α,10α-[1]azapropano-estrane-3,17-dione | 67814-51-1 | C19H27NO3 |
| —— | 1186421-26-0 | C16H23NO2 | |
| —— | 3-Acetyl-5-((E)-3-iodo-2-methyl-allyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 247110-36-7 | C10H13IO3 |
| —— | 85585-49-5 | C11H13IO3 | |
| —— | rac-6-methyl-6-(1-phenylpropa-1,2-dien-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1391710-63-6 | C15H16O2 |
| —— | 110680-31-4 | C6H8O3 | |
| —— | Acetic acid (1R,2R)-2-((S)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-cyclohexylmethyl ester | 99469-59-7 | C14H22O4 |
| —— | (3R<sup>*</sup>,1'S<sup>*</sup>)-tetrahydro-3-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)-2H-pyran-2-one | 86539-40-4 | C10H20O3Si |
| —— | 1338712-34-7 | C11H18O5 | |
| —— | 3-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-5,5-dimethyl-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-87-9 | C13H24O3 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-hexyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1312341-31-3 | C13H24O3 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5S)-4-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-5-tridecyl-oxolan-2-one | 148676-07-7 | C19H36O3 |
| —— | 7-bromo-1,4,7-trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one | 10333-99-0 | C9H13BrO2 |
| —— | (3aS,4R,6aS)-6a-Allyl-4-methyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,6-dione | 125801-90-3 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | [(S)-1-((R)-4-sec-Butyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 545375-17-5 | C17H31NO4 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-3,3-Dichloro-4-chloromethyl-5-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 124224-45-9 | C8H11Cl3O2 |
| —— | (1R,5S)-4-Hydroxy-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 70871-00-0 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (E)-3-(acetoxymethylene)-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 98512-62-0 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | Rh(glu)Cl(H2O)2 | 32370-93-7 | C5H11ClNO6Rh |
| —— | 66500-70-7 | C17H26O3 | |
| —— | 2,10-Dioxo-1,9-dioxa-dispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecane-3,11-dicarboxylic acid | 65461-19-0 | C14H16O8 |
| —— | (R)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-2-((E)-pent-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 64027-96-9 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-isopropyl-2-oxomorpholine | 136476-58-9 | C9H17NO3 |
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