内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (5S)-5-(3'-oxopropyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone | 114423-70-0 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (3aS,6aR)-6-Acetyl-3a-hydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 79727-48-3 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | (3aR,6aR,7R,10aS)-7-Methyl-3a,4,5,6,6a,7-hexahydro-3H-2-oxa-cyclopenta[d]naphthalene-1,8-dione | 80865-72-1 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 910237-03-5 | C9H14O6 | |
| —— | (3aS,4S,6aS)-3,3,4-Trichloro-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 81650-69-3 | C7H5Cl3O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3R,3aR,6R,6aR)-3,3a,6a-trimethyl-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-6-ylmethyl ester | 75110-96-2 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | 5-Methylen-4-oxatetracyclo<5.3.2.02,6.08,10>dodec-11-en-3-on | 100431-13-8 | C12H12O2 |
| —— | (3'R,3''R,5'S,5''S)-3',3''-(2-methylene-1,3-propanediyl)bis<5-<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl>-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone> | 162428-11-7 | C46H56O6Si2 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3-((E)-6-hydroxyhexyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1601468-22-7 | C11H20O4 |
| —— | 3-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-4-methylene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 1428226-81-6 | C16H24O3 |
| —— | (2S,3S,4S)-3-Methoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-dodecanolid-(4) | 97394-68-8 | C14H24O5 |
| —— | ethyl 4-methyl-7-oxo-5-phenyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-4-carboxylate | 1399841-21-4 | C16H18O4 |
| —— | 4-[2-((1S,2R,4aR,8aR)-1,2,4a-Trimethyl-5-methylene-decahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 85120-62-3 | C20H30O2 |
| —— | 7-bromo-2,3,7-trideoxy-L-arabino-heptono-1,4-lactone | 119124-94-6 | C7H11BrO4 |
| —— | (E)-3-(2-(5-methyl-2-oxo-dihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)ethyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1009593-06-9 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | (S)-Dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-2,3-furandione | 124508-44-7 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (3S,4R)-3-allyl-4-((R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3-methyloxetan-2-one | 1209462-55-4 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | (5R,6R)-7-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-6-(methoxymethoxy)-5-heptanolide | 642454-49-7 | C25H34O5Si |
| —— | (3S,4S)-(-)-3-methyl-4-(2-methyl-1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone | 869594-45-6 | C9H14O2S2 |
| —— | 2,5-dibromo-2,5-dideoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone | 78138-91-7 | C5H6Br2O3 |
| —— | 3-bromo-3-(bromo-phenyl-methyl)-4,4-diethyl-2-oxo-morpholinium; bromide | 54971-56-1 | Br*C15H20Br2NO2 |
| —— | (4S,6R)-4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-6-<(1S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl>tetrahydropyran-2-one | 119961-22-7 | C17H30N2O6 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-5-(iodomethyl)-3-propyloxolan-2-one | 193266-46-5 | C8H13IO2 |
| —— | 6-Bromo-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one | 344748-47-6 | C8H11BrO2 |
| —— | (1R,6R)-1-Ethyl-6-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.0]octan-3-one | 72331-83-0 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | trans-6,6-dimethyl-4-isopropyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan2-one | 98973-92-3 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 3,5-O-bis(O-diphenyl-t-butylsilyl)-D-ribonic acid γ-lactone | 92512-34-0 | C37H44O5Si2 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5S,6S)-4,6-Dimethyl-4-(2-methyl-allyl)-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 109272-81-3 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | (R)-6-butyl-6-[(S)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1-(triethylsiloxy)ethyl]tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1097690-15-7 | C33H52O4Si2 |
| —— | 6,6-Dimethyl-8a-trifluoromethyl-3a,6,7,8a-tetrahydro-3H,5H-benzo[b]furo[3,2-d]furan-2,4-dione | 121626-43-5 | C13H13F3O4 |
| —— | 5-Ethyl-4-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 75306-19-3 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 4-Dehydrochinid | 4372-93-4 | C7H8O5 |
| —— | (4S,6S)-4-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-6-pentyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1326703-71-2 | C18H28O2Si |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-ethyltetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-2-pyranone | 473251-47-7 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 5-Oxo-4-isobutyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonsaeure-ethylester | 100053-54-1 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 2-Bromo-2-deoxy-D-arabinono-γ-lactone | 78138-89-3 | C5H7BrO4 |
| —— | 2-(E)-bromomethylene-3(R)-hydroxymethyl-4(R)-pentyl-γ-butyrolactone | 163959-30-6 | C11H17BrO3 |
| —— | 7-fluoro-10β-fluoromethyl-1β,8α-dimethylgibbane-1α,4aα-carbolactone | 77912-24-4 | C19H26F2O2 |
| —— | 4-butyldihydrofuran-2-one | 124094-62-8 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | (R,E)-8-((2S,4S)-4-methyl-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-5-((triethylsilyl)oxy)oct-2-enal | 1458062-47-9 | C20H36O4Si |
| —— | t-5-Hydroxy-r-4-methyl-c-6(2-methylpropyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-on | 97309-46-1 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | acetic acid 2,2-bis(methylsulfanyl)-1-(2-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl)ethyl ester | 247590-39-2 | C11H18O4S2 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-4-allyl-5-((S)-2-methylbut-3-ynyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 862387-27-7 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | (2S,3S,4S)-4-acetoxy-4-hydroxy-2-<(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl>-2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid γ-lactone | 129519-20-6 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | (1S,2R,6S,7R)-2-Isobutyryl-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one | 82111-83-9 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | ethyl (3aR,4R,7aS)-1,1,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-6-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydroisobenzofuran-4-carboxylate | 1579293-62-1 | C23H40O5Si |
| —— | (2aR,4S,4aR,6aS,6bS)-2-Oxo-octahydro-pentaleno[1,6-bc]furan-4-carbonyl chloride | 127268-73-9 | C10H11ClO3 |
| —— | 3-(3-Iodo-propyl)-3-(4-trimethylsilanyl-but-3-ynyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 176687-27-7 | C14H23IO2Si |
| —— | (S)-(2-benzyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl acetate | 1637370-62-7 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | (1R,2S,5R,6R,7S)-5-Methoxy-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undec-8-en-3-one | 139231-46-2 | C11H14O3 |
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