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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-methyl-5-((phenylselanyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C12H14O2Se
    3-methyl-5-((phenylselanyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— trans-2,4-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C6H10O2
    trans-2,4-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— α-allyl-ε-caprolactone 85930-85-4 C9H14O2
    α-allyl-ε-caprolactone
    —— dihydro-3-methyl-5-acetoxymethyl-2(3H)-furanone 111507-13-2 C8H12O4
    dihydro-3-methyl-5-acetoxymethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— propargyl ε-caprolactone-α-carboxylate 1273320-21-0 C10H12O4
    propargyl ε-caprolactone-α-carboxylate
    —— 3,3-dimethylhexan-5-olide 10603-06-2 C8H14O2
    3,3-dimethylhexan-5-olide
    —— 5-(bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl)oxy-2-methyl-4-pentanolactone 1228321-60-5 C20H23O6P
    5-(bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl)oxy-2-methyl-4-pentanolactone
    —— α-chloro-ε-cyclohexanone 89727-99-1 C6H9ClO2
    α-chloro-ε-cyclohexanone
    —— 2,3,4,5-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactonolactone 904845-29-0 C10H18O6
    2,3,4,5-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactonolactone
    —— α-(1-acryloxy)ethyl-ε-caprolactone 922550-94-5 C11H16O4
    α-(1-acryloxy)ethyl-ε-caprolactone
    —— α-propargyl ε-caprolactone 1239734-73-6 C9H12O2
    α-propargyl ε-caprolactone
    —— dimethyl-epsilon-caprolactone 1331-33-5 C8H14O2
    dimethyl-epsilon-caprolactone
    —— cyclohexane monocarboxylic acid β-lactone 4350-82-7 C7H10O2
    cyclohexane monocarboxylic acid β-lactone
    —— ethyl 2,3-dioxo-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-4-carboxylate 86387-67-9 C8H10O5
    ethyl 2,3-dioxo-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-4-carboxylate
    —— 6-methyl-6-phenethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 113235-07-7 C14H18O2
    6-methyl-6-phenethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]dihydro-2H-pyran-2,6-(3H)-dione 722549-30-6 C14H10ClNO3S
    4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]dihydro-2H-pyran-2,6-(3H)-dione
    —— 2,3,4,7-tetrahydrooxepin-2-one 87256-39-1 C6H8O2
    2,3,4,7-tetrahydrooxepin-2-one
    —— propan-2-yl 3-[(3S)-3-ethyl-2-oxooxan-3-yl]propanoate 192824-47-8 C13H22O4
    propan-2-yl 3-[(3S)-3-ethyl-2-oxooxan-3-yl]propanoate
    —— 3-trifluoromethyl-γ-butyrolactone 110847-11-5 C5H5F3O2
    3-trifluoromethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-3,3,4,5-tetramethyl-, cis- 61747-62-4 C8H14O2
    2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-3,3,4,5-tetramethyl-, cis-
    —— (4R,4aR,6S,8aS)-6-[(4R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-4,6-dimethyl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one 312487-63-1 C15H24O5
    (4R,4aR,6S,8aS)-6-[(4R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-4,6-dimethyl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-3,3,4,5-tetramethyl-, trans- 61747-63-5 C8H14O2
    2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-3,3,4,5-tetramethyl-, trans-
    —— 3-allyl-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione 412319-13-2 C9H12O3
    3-allyl-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— α-Ethyl-α-methyl-β-propiolacton 1955-42-6 C6H10O2
    α-Ethyl-α-methyl-β-propiolacton
    —— cyclohexyl-5 pentanolide-4 96009-79-9 C11H18O2
    cyclohexyl-5 pentanolide-4
    —— (1S,5R)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 256469-63-3 C6H8O3
    (1S,5R)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenylpentanoic acid γ-lactone 13133-96-5 C12H14O2
    4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenylpentanoic acid γ-lactone
    —— 2-Acetyl-2-(3-butenyl)-γ-butyrolactone 132103-05-0 C10H14O3
    2-Acetyl-2-(3-butenyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— ethoxycarbonyl (1S,6R)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-1-carboxylate 1026365-09-2 C10H12O6
    ethoxycarbonyl (1S,6R)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1R,6R)-2-Oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-1-carbonyl azide 1026581-60-1 C7H7N3O3
    (1R,6R)-2-Oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-1-carbonyl azide
    —— (2R,5S,7R,5'R)-spiro[1-oxa-8-oxo-2-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane]-7,3'-[5'-phenyldihydrofuran-2'-one] 1340543-08-9 C21H19NO4
    (2R,5S,7R,5'R)-spiro[1-oxa-8-oxo-2-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane]-7,3'-[5'-phenyldihydrofuran-2'-one]
    —— 4,4-diethyl-3,3-difluorooxetan-2-one 168558-26-7 C7H10F2O2
    4,4-diethyl-3,3-difluorooxetan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-3-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyprop-2-yl)-3-methylbutan-4-olide 124867-85-2 C8H14O4
    (+/-)-3-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyprop-2-yl)-3-methylbutan-4-olide
    —— (3S,5S)-3-Methyl-5-((E)-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 169738-46-9 C8H12O2
    (3S,5S)-3-Methyl-5-((E)-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-Cyclobutylidene-3-propan-2-ylideneoxetan-2-one 127451-58-5 C10H12O2
    4-Cyclobutylidene-3-propan-2-ylideneoxetan-2-one
    —— (+)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 80408-87-3 C10H16O3
    (+)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5-prop-1-enyloxolan-2-one 91075-11-5 C7H10O2
    5-prop-1-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S,8R)-(-)-4,4,8-trimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-2-one 679396-13-5 C12H18O2
    (5S,8R)-(-)-4,4,8-trimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-2-one
    —— anislactone B 133005-42-2 C15H20O6
    anislactone B
    —— anislactone A 128260-69-5 C15H20O6
    anislactone A
    —— 8-Bromo-1-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one 62741-84-8 C8H9BrO2
    8-Bromo-1-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one
    —— 3-Acetyl-3-butyl-5-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one 62328-73-8 C11H17ClO3
    3-Acetyl-3-butyl-5-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R,6R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-methyl-6-propan-2-yloxan-2-one —— C15H30O3Si
    (4R,5R,6R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-methyl-6-propan-2-yloxan-2-one
    —— 3-Acetyl-5-(chloromethyl)-3-pentyloxolan-2-one 62328-74-9 C12H19ClO3
    3-Acetyl-5-(chloromethyl)-3-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-5-hydroxy-6-phenyl-4-hexanolide 125225-54-9 C12H14O3
    (4R,5R)-5-hydroxy-6-phenyl-4-hexanolide
    —— (3S,4R,7S)-4-methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-3-(2-propenyl)oxepan-2-one 142746-41-6 C13H22O2
    (3S,4R,7S)-4-methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-3-(2-propenyl)oxepan-2-one
    —— 4,5-dihydro-3-(2-imidazolidinylidene)-5-ethyl-2(3H)-furanone 89810-17-3 C9H14N2O2
    4,5-dihydro-3-(2-imidazolidinylidene)-5-ethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3-Acetyl-5-(chloromethyl)-3-hexyloxolan-2-one 62328-75-0 C13H21ClO3
    3-Acetyl-5-(chloromethyl)-3-hexyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Methyl-5-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 62668-37-5 C9H14O3
    3-Methyl-5-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(Butoxymethyl)-3-propyloxolan-2-one 62668-42-2 C12H22O3
    5-(Butoxymethyl)-3-propyloxolan-2-one