内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3aR,4R,5S,6S,6aR)-6-Fluoro-4-((E)-3-oxo-oct-1-enyl)-5-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 69927-99-7 | C20H29FO5 |
| —— | 5-Acetamino-6,7-carbonato-8,9-di-O-tert.butyldimethylsilyl-3,5-didesoxy-D-glycero-D-galakto-2-keto-nononsaeure-γ-lacton-diethylmercaptal | 99336-32-0 | C28H53NO8S2Si2 |
| —— | (2S,3S,4R)-2,3-dihydro-4-isopropyl-2-methyltetronic acid | 112781-29-0 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 4-pentamethylene-3-oxa-bicyclo(3.3.0)octan-2-one | 50870-49-0 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | endo-7-Hydroxybicyclo<3.2.2>nonan-endo-2-carbonsaeurelacton | 120263-92-5 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | tetrahydropyranyl-2-keto-6-β-propenal | 344400-54-0 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | <3aR-(3aα,4α,5β,6aα)>-Hexahydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-<(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy>-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-1-on | 101375-92-2 | C12H20O6 |
| —— | (+/-)-3a-methyl-2-oxo-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]furan-4<i>t</i>-carboxylic acid | 120267-23-4 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-Tris-methoxymethoxy-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 351885-14-8 | C13H22O8 |
| —— | (2S,3R,3aR,6S,7aR)-6-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-hexahydro-furo[3,2-c]pyran-4-one | 105705-14-4 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-((S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1096707-35-5 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | 145175-68-4 | C10H18O2 | |
| —— | 1039531-43-5 | C10H16O2 | |
| —— | exo,exo-2,3-Dihydroxy-exo-9-methyl-8-oxa-cis-bicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-7-one | 86046-57-3 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 3a-Methyl-1,5,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3,4-dione | 1004995-58-7 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5S)-5-[(2R)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropan-2-yl]-3-[(Z)-3-iodo-2-methylprop-2-enyl]-4-methyloxolan-2-one | 412342-75-7 | C28H37IO3Si |
| —— | 2-isobutylidene-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-3-one | 2435-25-8 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-((S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1096707-10-6 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | 3-(2-methylhex-2-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1321199-94-3 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 6-Eth-(E)-ylidene-7-oxo-2,8-dioxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 70576-18-0 | C11H12O5 |
| —— | (5S,6R)-5-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-2H-pyran-2-one | 132351-75-8 | C12H24O3Si |
| —— | (1R,5R,6R,8S)-6-endo-Acetoxy-8-anti-fluoro-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2-one | 146365-17-5 | C9H11FO4 |
| —— | (R)-1-[(2S,3S)-3-methoxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-2-oxobutyl pivalate | 1449755-46-7 | C15H24O6 |
| —— | (1R*,6R*,7S*)-7-Hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>octan-4-on | 111138-92-2 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methyl-propenyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 64963-87-7 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | (3aS,5aR,9aR,9bR)-Octahydro-naphtho[1,2-c]furan-1,5-dione | 132055-03-9 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | rac-(3R,3aR,7aS)-3-phenylhexahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one-7a-d | 113280-11-8 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | 72595-31-4 | C23H30O9 | |
| —— | (5S,6S,8R,9R)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-8-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-9-methyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one | 70728-53-9 | C19H34O6Si |
| —— | 4-(dodecylsulfanylmethyl)oxetan-2-one | 108616-00-8 | C16H30O2S |
| —— | (5R)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]oxolan-2-one | 213414-12-1 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (5S)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]oxolan-2-one | 213414-11-0 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6S)-6-Ethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 136713-37-6 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,7aS)-4-Methyl-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 159179-05-2 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | (1R,2S)-(+)-trans-Hexahydrocyclopenta<b>pyran-1(3H)-one | 74708-18-2 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 3α,18-dihydroxy-5β-androstane-17β-carboxylic acid lactone | 86698-77-3 | C20H30O3 |
| —— | (R)-7-Pentyl-oxepan-2-one | 115510-50-4 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | (3S,4R)-4-((E)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)but-1-en-1-yl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1456773-09-3 | C15H28O3Si |
| —— | (3S,4R)-4-((E)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)prop-1-enyl)-3-((R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1163724-82-0 | C21H38O3Si |
| —— | 6-azido-5-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-2,3,6-trideoxy-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone | 261722-27-4 | C22H27N3O3Si |
| —— | 2-chloroformylmethyl-4-pentanolide | 479546-52-6 | C7H9ClO3 |
| —— | (1S,2R,6R,8S)-3-Oxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dodecan-4-one | 71129-63-0 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-((S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1096707-34-4 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | ethyl (1S,3aR,4R,5R,7aR)-1-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-methyl-3-oxo-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzofuran-4-carboxylate | 937172-59-3 | C19H32O5Si |
| —— | 71386-84-0 | C21H30O4 | |
| —— | 3-nitro-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-ribo-hexono-1,4-lactone | 101904-33-0 | C6H9NO5 |
| —— | (1S,2S,5R)-2-Hydroxy-1-methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one | 73240-87-6 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (3R,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-6-nonyloxan-2-one | 82042-33-9 | C22H44O3Si |
| —— | (7R)-7-prop-2-enyloxepan-2-one | 183378-27-0 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (Z)-6-(3-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1354401-85-6 | C10H16O2 |
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