内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3S,4S)-3-<(1R)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1-methylbutyl>dihydro-4-<(E)-3-(octahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2H-1,3,2-benzodiazaphosphol-2-yl)allyl>-2(3H)furanone | 162789-33-5 | C36H53N2O4PSi |
|
| —— | 6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-(3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 749927-90-0 | C20H26O4 |
|
| —— | 5-[3-(3-Hexyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)propyl]oxolan-2-one | 1082071-01-9 | C16H27NO3 |
|
| —— | 5-[4-(3-hexyl-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazolyl)butyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1082070-86-7 | C17H29NO3 |
|
| —— | Acetic acid 2-hydroxymethyl-4-octadec-9-enylidene-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl ester | 172926-98-6 | C26H44O5 |
|
| —— | 7a-phenyl-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-methanobenzofuran-2(6H)-one | 1627214-42-9 | C15H14O2 |
|
| —— | Dihydro-3-methylene-2,4-furandione | 129178-41-2 | C5H4O3 |
|
| —— | (R)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 134386-07-5 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | 3-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)oxolan-2-one | 633315-80-7 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | (1R,5R)-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione | —— | C10H14O3 |
|
| —— | (2S,3S,4R)-2-Hexyl-3-hydroxy-4-pentanolide | 137171-30-3 | C11H20O3 |
|
| —— | methyl (1R,2S,3R,7R,8R,11R)-4,12-dimethylidene-5-oxo-7-(3-oxopropyl)-6-oxatetracyclo[9.2.1.01,8.03,7]tetradecane-2-carboxylate | 307345-03-5 | C20H24O5 |
|
| —— | methyl (1R,2S,3S,4R,7R,8R,11R)-4-bromo-7-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-methyl-12-methylidene-5-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[9.2.1.01,8.03,7]tetradecane-2-carboxylate | 307345-08-0 | C20H27BrO5 |
|
| —— | methyl (1R,2S,3S,4S,7S,8R,11R)-7-[3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-4-methyl-12-methylidene-5-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[9.2.1.01,8.03,7]tetradecane-2-carboxylate | 307345-05-7 | C26H42O5Si |
|
| —— | methyl (1R,2S,3R,7R,8R,11R)-7-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4,12-dimethylidene-5-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[9.2.1.01,8.03,7]tetradecane-2-carboxylate | 307345-07-9 | C20H26O5 |
|
| —— | 3-Dodecyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone, (S)- | 127126-75-4 | C16H30O2 |
|
| —— | methyl (1R,2S,3S,4R,7R,8R,11R)-4-bromo-7-[3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-4-methyl-12-methylidene-5-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[9.2.1.01,8.03,7]tetradecane-2-carboxylate | 307345-06-8 | C26H41BrO5Si |
|
| —— | methyl (1R,2S,3S,4S,7S,8R,11R)-7-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-methyl-12-methylidene-5-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[9.2.1.01,8.03,7]tetradecane-2-carboxylate | 307345-04-6 | C20H28O5 |
|
| —— | Trimethyladipic anhydride | 29011-65-2 | C9H14O3 |
|
| —— | (+)-(R)-4-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1612797-06-4 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | α-Ethoxalyl-γ-methyl-γ-butyrolacton | 90674-04-7 | C9H12O5 |
|
| —— | (-)-(R)-7-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1(3H)-one | 1612797-40-6 | C9H12O2 |
|
| —— | (5S)-9,9-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-one | 182164-20-1 | C11H16O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,5E,6R)-7,7-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-4,5-dione 5-oxime | 1207861-81-1 | C8H11NO3 |
|
| —— | 1,5-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one | 13747-98-3 | C9H14O2 |
|
| —— | 1,4-dimethyl-2-oxa-3-oxobicyclo<2.2.2>octane | 28886-59-1 | C9H14O2 |
|
| —— | 3-Dodecyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone, (R)- | 127126-76-5 | C16H30O2 |
|
| —— | 3,5-dideoxy-5-nitromethyl-D-xylono-1,4-lactone | 1220627-38-2 | C6H9NO5 |
|
| —— | 3-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-propionyl chloride | 124468-90-2 | C7H9ClO3 |
|
| —— | N-[2-Phenylethyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furanpropanamide | 119627-09-7 | C15H19NO3 |
|
| —— | (E)-5-(3-Hexenyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 97416-87-0 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-decen-(8t)-saeure-(1)-lacton | 75253-68-8 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | δ,δ-Diallyl-δ-valerolactone | 87998-07-0 | C11H16O2 |
|
| —— | (S)-5-allyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 168254-15-7 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | (4-Methylidene-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolan-3-yl) acetate | 76299-63-3 | C12H18O4 |
|
| —— | vernolide | 27428-86-0 | C19H22O7 |
|
| —— | α-Ureidomethylen-γ-butyrolacton | 89532-90-1 | C6H8N2O3 |
|
| —— | (-)-(3S,6R)-3,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 65451-94-7 | C7H12O2 |
|
| —— | 2-O-methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-D-ribono-1,4-lactone | 172932-43-3 | C18H36O6Si2 |
|
| —— | 3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-D-ribono-1,4-lactone | 190908-03-3 | C17H34O6Si2 |
|
| —— | (-)-2,3-O-<(R)-Benzyliden>-D-ribonsaeure-γ-lacton | 102850-43-1 | C12H12O5 |
|
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 81474-44-4 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | (5R,6R)-6-ethyl-5-[(2S)-2-methylbutyl]oxan-2-one | 345915-39-1 | C12H22O2 |
|
| —— | (3S,4R)-2-methylene-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 74948-84-8 | C6H8O4 |
|
| —— | 3,3-ethanediyldioxy-11β-hydroxy-14-oxo-14,15-seco-androsta-5,15-dien-18-oic acid-lactone | 119974-56-0 | C21H26O5 |
|
| —— | 4,5-dioxo-2-trichloromethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 855390-00-0 | C8H7Cl3O5 |
|
| —— | (S)-4-allyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 301535-29-5 | C7H10O2 |
|
| —— | α-Methylen-β-propyl-γ-butyrolacton | 137669-64-8 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,2R,6R,8S,9S)-2-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,10-dioxatricyclo[6.3.0.02,6]undecan-5-one | 168008-04-6 | C26H32O5Si |
|
| —— | (3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6a-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxo-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-carbaldehyde | 168008-03-5 | C26H32O5Si |
|
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