内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 97642-77-8 | C15H17ClO5 | |
| —— | (S)-5-(bromomethyl)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1254701-62-6 | C11H11BrO2 |
| —— | 2-isopropyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 220714-49-8 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (3R,5R,6S)-5-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-6-((S)-2-methoxymethoxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 121921-22-0 | C13H24O5 |
| —— | 19325-29-2 | C16H20O6 | |
| —— | 4-Trichlormethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo<4.2.0>octandion-(2,5) | 6900-34-1 | C8H7Cl3O3 |
| —— | Dibenzyliden-1.1.2.2-cyclopropan-tetracarboxylat | 111561-43-4 | C21H14O8 |
| —— | 3a,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2(7H)-one | 1015475-51-0 | C13H20O3 |
| —— | dihydro-3-carbomethoxy-5-<(phenylseleno)methyl>-2(3H)-furanone | 123883-83-0 | C13H14O4Se |
| —— | 6,6-Dimethyl-4-methylene-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 124938-36-9 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-(3-oxo-(3a<i>r</i>,7a<i>c</i>)-1,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexahydro-isobenzofuran-1ξ-yl)-acetic acid | 34069-29-9 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | 5-(6-Methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 132607-91-1 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 19:8-Lacton des 8-Hydroxy-3-oxo-19β-carboxy-20α-methoxycarbonyl-21-norpregnen-(4) | 111088-80-3 | C21H26O5 |
| —— | 7-methylene-5-(2-propynyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one | 126384-33-6 | C11H12O2 |
| —— | (1S,5R)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 942493-60-9 | C11H9ClO2 |
| —— | 1394245-93-2 | C18H38O6Si2 | |
| —— | 4S,5S-5-(tert-Butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl)-4-butyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon | 121687-51-2 | C25H34O3Si |
| —— | (3S,4R)-3-benzyl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbaldehyde | 227805-01-8 | C13H14O3 |
| —— | 1245731-22-9 | C20H26O4 | |
| —— | Tetraethyl-3,4-dioxo-adipinsaeure-bis-pseudochlorid | 93648-13-6 | C14H20Cl2O4 |
| —— | 100436-93-9 | C21H26O4 | |
| —— | (+-)-8syn,9anti-dihydroxy-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-6exo,7exo-dicarboxylic acid-6=>9-lactone | 117879-43-3 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | 3-Acetyl-iso-seco-tanapartholide | 137606-44-1 | C17H20O6 |
| —— | (+)-(R)-δ-(2-butylethynyl)-δ-valerolactone | 1429482-69-8 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 3-Fluor-2-oxo-5-ethoxycarbonyl-tetrahydrofuran | 1646-15-7 | C7H9FO4 |
| —— | Norpatchouli-dicarbonsaeure-anhydrid | 132859-09-7 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | 6-cyclohexyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one | 727665-12-5 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 3-(2-methyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)propyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1321200-05-8 | C14H28O4Si |
| —— | (3aS,4S,6S,6aS)-4-[8-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyoctyl]-6-iodo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 620114-82-1 | C31H43IO3Si |
| —— | [(2R,3R,4R)-4-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl] acetate | 136409-66-0 | C15H28O5Si |
| —— | 7R-8-(2-hydroxyethylthio)paeonimetabolin I | 118138-72-0 | C12H18O5S |
| —— | 6-ethyl-7a-phenyl-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-methanobenzofuran-2(6H)-one | 1627214-54-3 | C17H18O2 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-((1R,2S,E)-1-hydroxy-4-iodo-2-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1613221-24-1 | C11H17IO3 |
| —— | α-Cyan-α-methyl-γ-valerolacton | 89776-60-3 | C7H9NO2 |
| —— | 4-Fluor-3-oxo-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo<4.4.0>decan | 3885-21-0 | C12H19FO2 |
| —— | (3R,5R,6S)-6-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 83061-05-6 | C27H38O4Si |
| —— | Arcanonsaeurelacton-4-methylether | 91267-16-2 | C9H16O4 |
| —— | (3S,4S,4aR,9aS)-3,4-Dimethyl-octahydro-1,5-dioxa-benzocyclohepten-2-one | 155250-87-6 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | <i>rac</i>-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-11β-hydroxy-21,21-dimethoxy-16-oxo-16,17-seco-pregna-5,14ξ-dien-18-oic acid-lactone | 125544-67-4 | C25H34O7 |
| —— | (4aR,5R,6S,7R,7aR)-hexahydro-5,6-dihydroxy-7-methylcyclopenta[c]pyran-3(1H)-one | 1206128-44-0 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (Z)-5-allyl-3-(1-aminobut-3-en-1-ylidene)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1189516-88-8 | C17H19NO2 |
| —— | 3(S),12(R)-bis<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>-5(S)-hydroxy-6(Z),8(E),10(E),14(Z)-eicosatetranoic δ-lactone | 158800-20-5 | C52H66O4Si2 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3-hydroxyhexan-5-olide | 33275-54-6 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 8α-Hydroxyosmitopsin | 99631-90-0 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | 1-Hydroxymethyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-on | 7605-61-0 | C8H10O5 |
| —— | (3aS,5aR,6S,8aS,8bR)-6-ethyl-3,3a,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-1Hindeno[4,5-c]furan-1-one | 1448461-53-7 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-2,4-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 36717-64-3 | C9H12O5 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carbonyl chloride | 89598-85-6 | C6H7ClO3 |
| —— | (R)-6-(iodomethyl)-6-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1370729-74-0 | C9H15IO2 |
| —— | trans-α,β-Diphenyl-butyrolacton | 24435-71-0 | C16H14O2 |
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