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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1S,4S,5S)-4-[(S)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C17H22O3
    (1S,4S,5S)-4-[(S)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S,5S)-4-[(S)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C17H21BrO2
    (1S,4S,5S)-4-[(S)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-5,7,7-trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one —— C13H22O3
    (1S,4S,5R)-5,7,7-trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one
    —— (1S,4R,5R)-5,7,7-trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one —— C13H22O3
    (1S,4R,5R)-5,7,7-trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S)-1-[(2R)-2-bromo-2-phenylethyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C17H21BrO2
    (1R,4S)-1-[(2R)-2-bromo-2-phenylethyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (2R)-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C11H11F3N2O3S
    (2R)-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C14H18ClN3O5
    (2S)-N-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C17H22ClN5O3
    (2R)-N-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-N-(1-adamantyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C20H29NO3
    (1S,4R)-N-(1-adamantyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-[[(1R)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-5-oxo-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C19H27N3O3
    (2S)-N-[[(1R)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-5-oxo-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-[[(1S)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-5-oxo-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C19H27N3O3
    (2S)-N-[[(1S)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-5-oxo-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-[[(1R)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C16H23NO5
    (2S)-N-[[(1R)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[[(1R)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C16H23NO5
    (2R)-N-[[(1R)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C18H19NO4
    (2S)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (3Z)-3-(1-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl]amino}ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C9H9F3N4O2
    (3Z)-3-(1-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl]amino}ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] adamantane-1-carboxylate —— C15H20O4
    [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] adamantane-1-carboxylate
    —— [(E)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H23N3O3
    [(E)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(E)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H23N3O3
    [(E)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C15H25N2O3+
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C15H24N2O3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— [(E)-4-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O2S
    [(E)-4-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3R,6R)-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H15FO3
    (3R,6R)-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(2-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylethyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H27N2O4+
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(2-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylethyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-(2-propan-2-yloxyethoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O4S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-(2-propan-2-yloxyethoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-(2-propan-2-yloxyethoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O4S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-(2-propan-2-yloxyethoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-(2-propan-2-yloxyethoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O4S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-(2-propan-2-yloxyethoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (2R,3R)-N,N,2-triethyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C12H21NO3
    (2R,3R)-N,N,2-triethyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C14H17NO4
    (4R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— methyl 2-[(2R,3S)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17FO5
    methyl 2-[(2R,3S)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(2R,3S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17ClO5
    methyl 2-[(2R,3S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(2R,3R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17ClO5
    methyl 2-[(2R,3R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-5-oxo-4-pentyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C12H21N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-5-oxo-4-pentyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C11H19N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— (2S)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(5S)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one —— C16H14O5
    (2S)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(5S)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O2S
    [(Z)-4-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H19N3O5
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H19N3O5
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— (4aS,8aS)-8-ethyl-6,7-diphenyl-4a,8a-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]pyridine-2,4,5-trione —— C22H19NO4
    (4aS,8aS)-8-ethyl-6,7-diphenyl-4a,8a-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]pyridine-2,4,5-trione
    —— (4S,5S)-5-ethyl-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O3
    (4S,5S)-5-ethyl-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (1-methylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl) (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H26NO4+
    (1-methylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl) (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (3R,4R)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O4
    (3R,4R)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,4S)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O4
    (3R,4S)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S,4R)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O4
    (3S,4R)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [(Z)-4-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3S,5R)-3-[4-(dibutylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C20H35NO3
    (3S,5R)-3-[4-(dibutylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-N,N-dibutyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C18H31NO3
    (4S)-N,N-dibutyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2S,3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O8
    (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2S,3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (2R,4R)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H13O4-
    (2R,4R)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— [(2R,4R)-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C9H16N2O2S
    [(2R,4R)-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylate —— C9H11O4-
    (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylate