内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-(1-methyl-1<i>H</i>-imidazol-2-yl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 53798-86-0 | C8H10N2O2 |
| —— | 4,4-Dimethyl-5-isopropyl-2-isopropyliden-tetrahydrofuranon-(3) | 1203-11-8 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | 6-((Ξ)-2-chloro-benzylidene)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 116929-33-0 | C12H11ClO2 |
| —— | 5-acetyl-3-benzyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 29739-19-3 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | 2-β-Ethoxycarbonyl-4,5-dihydroxy-cyclohexan-1β-carbonsaeure-1-> 5-lacton | 1726-62-1 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | 2-Methyloctan-4-olide, cis- | 94319-38-7 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 1-ethyl-5,6-dimethyl-1-oxo-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-1λ5-benzo[c][1,2]oxaphosphol-3-one | 33472-61-6 | C11H17O3P |
| —— | 4-(2-bromophenyl)-3,3-dimethyloxetan-2-one | 1058629-01-8 | C11H11BrO2 |
| —— | (11<i>S</i>)-6β-hydroxy-1,8-dioxo-eudesm-4-en-12-oic acid-lactone | 108369-04-6 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | rac-(3aR,3a1R,9S,9aR)-9-methoxy-3,3a,6,6a,9,9a-hexahydro-2H-9,3a1-(epoxymethano)benzo[de]chromene-2,7(8H)-dione | 97654-89-2 | C14H16O5 |
| —— | 5-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxaspiro[5.6]dodecane-1,3-dione | 1138153-97-5 | C19H23BrO3 |
| —— | (5R,6S)-(-)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-[(4R,5R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1032514-55-8 | C22H34O5Si |
| —— | 9,9-(ethylenedioxy)-exo-4-vinyl-endo-4-<(allyloxy)methyl>bicyclo<3.3.1>nonan-2-one | 75933-59-4 | C17H24O4 |
| —— | (1S,2S,6S,9S,10S)-9-(dimethoxy)methyl-2-(methoxymethoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-12-oxatricyclo[8.3.0.0<sup>1,6</sup>]tridec-7-en-11-one | 374570-63-5 | C19H30O6 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-4-Hydroxy-6-phenylselanylmethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 121772-41-6 | C12H14O3Se |
| —— | (3S)-3-(isopropenyl)pentan-5-olide | 864182-76-3 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (3S,3aR,9aR)-3-Hydroxy-5,5,7,7-tetraisopropyl-tetrahydro-1,4,6,8-tetraoxa-5,7-disila-cyclopentacycloocten-2-one | 211299-91-1 | C17H34O6Si2 |
| —— | 7-(bromomethyl)-7-methyl-1,4-dioxepan-2-one | 1401441-52-8 | C7H11BrO3 |
| —— | (11R,12R)-11,12-Dimethyl-4,9-dioxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.1<sup>3,6</sup>]dodecane-5,10-dione | 34429-66-8 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | (5R,7R,7aR)-7-Hydroxy-5-isopropenyl-7a-methyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-benzofuran-2-one | 920338-40-5 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | (2R,4S)-pantolactone-4-d1 | 90940-33-3 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | (E)-4-[(2R,4R)-2-((S)-1-Methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl]-but-2-enoic acid tert-butyl ester | 909257-71-2 | C16H24O5 |
| —— | ((R)-3-Methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid | 206532-51-6 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | rac-(2R,3a'R,6'R,7a'R)-7a'-pentyl-3',3a',7',7a'-tetrahydro-2'H,5H,5'H,5''H-dispiro[furan-2,4'-benzofuran-6',2''-furan]-2',5,5''-trione | 104142-57-6 | C19H22O6 |
| —— | (R)-5,5-Dihexyl-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 149775-25-7 | C16H30O3 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-4-((R)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tridecyl)-3-hexyloxetan-2-one | 1151392-14-1 | C28H56O3Si |
| —— | Conocarpin-spirodibromchinolidether | 38971-97-0 | C15H12Br2O8 |
| —— | (1RS,4SR)-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxobicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-7-one | 105665-98-3 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | [(1S,2S,3S,6R)-2-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3-methyl-6-propylcyclohexyl]methyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate | 135716-28-8 | C24H42O5 |
| —— | (1S,3S,6S,10R,12R,13R,14S,16R,19R)-5-hydroxy-3,10,12,14,16-pentamethyl-4-methylidene-18,20-dioxatetracyclo[11.5.2.01,6.016,19]icosane-15,17-dione | 1001208-48-5 | C24H36O5 |
| —— | methyl (2SR,7RS)-2-iodo-4-oxa-5-oxotricyclo<4.4.0.0<sup>3,8</sup>>decane-7-carboxylate | 72443-94-8 | C11H13IO4 |
| —— | 6-Isopropyl-2,9-dimethyl-5,7-dioxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodecan-4-one | 94092-56-5 | C15H24O3 |
| —— | α-Benzyl-γ-decalacton | 55229-29-3 | C17H24O2 |
| —— | 4-(4-pentyn-1-yl)oxetan-2-one-3-spirocyclohexane | 1046161-70-9 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | 5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-5-octadecyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 113897-38-4 | C30H60O4Si |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-((1R,2E,4E,6R)-1-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-6-methoxy-3-methylnona-2,4,8-trienyl)-4-methoxy-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 920018-67-3 | C33H44O5Si |
| —— | 7-bromo-2-oxo-6-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-2,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-c]pyridine-4-carbaldehyde | 1570044-97-1 | C9H7BrF3NO5S |
| —— | 140706-68-9 | C34H49N3O12 | |
| —— | 5-Methyl-6-phenyl-3.4.5.6-tetrahydro-α-pyron | 91496-12-7 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | (4S,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-6-(iodomethyl)oxan-2-one | 116627-59-9 | C22H27IO3Si |
| —— | 2α-Ethyl-6α-brom-8β-hydroxy-7-oxo-3β,5β-epoxy-9α,10α-decalin-1β-carbonsaeurelacton | 94625-03-3 | C13H15BrO4 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-Hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-3-EN-1-YL)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 79005-32-6 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 7a-Chlor-7-hydroxy-hydrindan-4,5-dicarbonsaeure-γ-lacton | 92492-34-7 | C11H13ClO4 |
| —— | 2,6-Dioxo-2H,6H-cyclobuta <1,2-b:3,4-b'> 4,5-dihydro-pyran | 92315-71-4 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | 4-methylsulfanyl-4-octanoyl-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-thieno[3,4-c]furan-1,3-dione | 129206-08-2 | C15H22O4S2 |
| —— | 3-Butyl-5-hexyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 55229-28-2 | C14H26O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,4aR,9aS)-4-Methyl-octahydro-5-oxa-cyclopenta[1,4]cyclobuta[1,2]cyclohepten-6-one | 82079-43-4 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | Me (-)-dihydro-allo-pertusarate | 101899-64-3 | C22H38O5 |
| —— | trans-3-acetyl-4-t-butyldimethylsiyloxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 125757-23-5 | C13H24O4Si |
| —— | (4S,6S)-4-Hydroxy-6-<<(triisopropylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-2H-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 131702-29-9 | C15H30O4Si |
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