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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[3,5-Dioxo-4-(oxolan-2-ylidene)oxolan-2-yl]acetic acid —— C10H10O6
    2-[3,5-Dioxo-4-(oxolan-2-ylidene)oxolan-2-yl]acetic acid
    —— N-(3-methoxypropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO4
    N-(3-methoxypropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— Zexbrevin 28644-86-2 C19H22O6
    Zexbrevin
    —— 17-(4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-9,9,14,18-tetramethyl-3,8-dioxapentacyclo[11.7.0.02,4.04,10.014,18]icosa-1(13),5-diene-7,20-dione —— C30H38O7
    17-(4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-9,9,14,18-tetramethyl-3,8-dioxapentacyclo[11.7.0.02,4.04,10.014,18]icosa-1(13),5-diene-7,20-dione
    —— 3-Methylidene-4-[(2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)methyl]-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H18O4
    3-Methylidene-4-[(2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)methyl]-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Docosyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C26H50O2
    5-Docosyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3-Hydroxy-12,16-dimethyl-4-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxapentacyclo[10.6.0.02,9.03,7.014,16]octadecan-9-yl)methyl acetate —— C22H30O6
    (3-Hydroxy-12,16-dimethyl-4-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxapentacyclo[10.6.0.02,9.03,7.014,16]octadecan-9-yl)methyl acetate
    —— 4,4-Diethyl-5,7,7-trimethyl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one —— C14H24O3
    4,4-Diethyl-5,7,7-trimethyl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one
    —— 6-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-(1-methyl-5-methylidene-11-oxo-10-oxabicyclo[4.3.2]undec-2-en-7-yl)hepta-2,4-dienal —— C20H26O4
    6-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-(1-methyl-5-methylidene-11-oxo-10-oxabicyclo[4.3.2]undec-2-en-7-yl)hepta-2,4-dienal
    —— 1-(5-Oxooxolan-2-yl)ethyl 2-phenylacetate —— C14H16O4
    1-(5-Oxooxolan-2-yl)ethyl 2-phenylacetate
    —— 7-[8-(3-Hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-2-yl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione —— C26H34O5
    7-[8-(3-Hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-2-yl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione
    —— 3-Hydroxy-8,8,13,17-tetramethyl-16-[1-(5-methyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl)ethyl]-7-oxatetracyclo[10.7.0.03,9.013,17]nonadec-1(12)-en-6-one —— C30H44O5
    3-Hydroxy-8,8,13,17-tetramethyl-16-[1-(5-methyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl)ethyl]-7-oxatetracyclo[10.7.0.03,9.013,17]nonadec-1(12)-en-6-one
    —— [5-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,5a,6,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3H-benzo[b]oxepine-7,2'-oxirane]-6-yl]methyl acetate —— C22H30O6
    [5-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,5a,6,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3H-benzo[b]oxepine-7,2'-oxirane]-6-yl]methyl acetate
    —— (1,5,8-Trimethyl-13-oxo-12-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.02,7]tridec-5-en-3-yl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate —— C20H28O4
    (1,5,8-Trimethyl-13-oxo-12-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.02,7]tridec-5-en-3-yl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— (5,9,13-Trimethyl-18-methylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadec-8-en-14-yl) acetate —— C22H32O5
    (5,9,13-Trimethyl-18-methylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadec-8-en-14-yl) acetate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4,4,8-trimethyl-10-oxatetracyclo[7.2.2.01,8.03,5]tridecan-11-one —— C15H22O3
    2-Hydroxy-4,4,8-trimethyl-10-oxatetracyclo[7.2.2.01,8.03,5]tridecan-11-one
    —— 11-(Furan-3-yl)-2',2'-dimethyl-3'-(2-methyl-5-oxofuran-2-yl)spiro[5,6,12-trioxatetracyclo[8.3.1.01,10.02,7]tetradec-2-ene-4,5'-oxolane]-13-one —— C25H26O8
    11-(Furan-3-yl)-2',2'-dimethyl-3'-(2-methyl-5-oxofuran-2-yl)spiro[5,6,12-trioxatetracyclo[8.3.1.01,10.02,7]tetradec-2-ene-4,5'-oxolane]-13-one
    —— 6-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-7-methyl-3-methylidene-4,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one —— C14H18O4
    6-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-7-methyl-3-methylidene-4,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-(1-Hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-5-(3-methoxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C16H20O6
    4-(1-Hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-5-(3-methoxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid 465-48-5 C10H14O4
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— 6-hydroxy-3,6,6a,9-tetramethyl-3a,4,5,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C16H24O3
    6-hydroxy-3,6,6a,9-tetramethyl-3a,4,5,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3,4,6,12,13,15-Hexaacetyloxy-8-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C38H52O18
    (3,4,6,12,13,15-Hexaacetyloxy-8-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 17-Hydroxy-2,16-dimethyl-15-(1-methyl-8-methylidene-7-oxo-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-4-yl)-8-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.03,9.012,16]octadeca-2,4-dien-7-one —— C28H36O6
    17-Hydroxy-2,16-dimethyl-15-(1-methyl-8-methylidene-7-oxo-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-4-yl)-8-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.03,9.012,16]octadeca-2,4-dien-7-one
    —— pentonic acid (γ-lactone) 17768-71-7 C6H10O5
    pentonic acid (γ-lactone)
    —— 8-Hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione —— C15H18O4
    8-Hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione
    —— 8-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-4,5,5a,6,7,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O3
    8-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-4,5,5a,6,7,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 27751-97-9 C6H10O3
    4-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4,9,10-Trihydroxy-2,8,9-trimethyl-6,13-dioxatetracyclo[8.3.1.01,5.05,8]tetradecan-12-one —— C15H22O6
    4,9,10-Trihydroxy-2,8,9-trimethyl-6,13-dioxatetracyclo[8.3.1.01,5.05,8]tetradecan-12-one
    —— 3-Undecyloxan-2-one —— C16H30O2
    3-Undecyloxan-2-one
    —— 5-[Hydroxy-(8-methyl-9-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-7-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C14H18O4
    5-[Hydroxy-(8-methyl-9-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-7-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 9-Hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-14-methylidene-10,15-dioxo-16-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.03,8]heptadeca-8,11-diene-3-carbaldehyde —— C20H22O5
    9-Hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-14-methylidene-10,15-dioxo-16-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.03,8]heptadeca-8,11-diene-3-carbaldehyde
    —— 5'-(Furan-2-yl)-5-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    5'-(Furan-2-yl)-5-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— 8a-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C14H16O4
    8a-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— 5-[5-[7-(Furan-3-yl)-4-methylhepta-1,4-dienyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C22H30O4
    5-[5-[7-(Furan-3-yl)-4-methylhepta-1,4-dienyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3,4a,8,8-tetramethyl-6'-oxospiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxane]-1-yl) acetate —— C20H32O4
    (3,4a,8,8-tetramethyl-6'-oxospiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxane]-1-yl) acetate
    —— 4-(4,6-Dimethylnonan-2-yl)-3-methyloxetan-2-one —— C15H28O2
    4-(4,6-Dimethylnonan-2-yl)-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— [14-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4-methyl-9-methylidene-11-oxo-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-7-yl] acetate —— C22H30O6
    [14-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4-methyl-9-methylidene-11-oxo-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-7-yl] acetate
    —— [8-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H19ClO6
    [8-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 6-(11-Chloro-7,10-dimethylundeca-3,5,8,10-tetraenyl)-4-methoxyoxan-2-one —— C19H27ClO3
    6-(11-Chloro-7,10-dimethylundeca-3,5,8,10-tetraenyl)-4-methoxyoxan-2-one
    —— (6,8,9-trihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H24O7
    (6,8,9-trihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— (6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H20O5
    (6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 13,17-Dihydroxy-2,5,8,8,14,20,21-heptamethyl-18-oxo-19-oxapentacyclo[12.9.0.02,11.05,10.015,21]tricosane-11-carboxylic acid —— C30H48O6
    13,17-Dihydroxy-2,5,8,8,14,20,21-heptamethyl-18-oxo-19-oxapentacyclo[12.9.0.02,11.05,10.015,21]tricosane-11-carboxylic acid
    —— 6-Heptacosyloxan-2-one —— C32H62O2
    6-Heptacosyloxan-2-one
    —— 1-[(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-5,9-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-ene-3,8-dione —— C24H34O6
    1-[(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-5,9-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-ene-3,8-dione
    —— 5-Hentriacontyloxolan-2-one —— C35H68O2
    5-Hentriacontyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H14O3
    3-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (11-Hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradecan-7-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O6
    (11-Hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradecan-7-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-[2-(3-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one —— C20H32O4
    4-Hydroxy-6-[2-(3-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(11-phenylundecyl)oxolan-2-one —— C22H34O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(11-phenylundecyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— Kbqqbfvbqxzpas-uhfffaoysa- —— C8H10O4
    Kbqqbfvbqxzpas-uhfffaoysa-