内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3aS,9S,9aS,9bS)-9-tert-Butoxy-6,9a-dimethyl-3a,4,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | 83298-27-5 | C18H28O3 |
| —— | methyl 2-(2-methylpropoxy)-5,8-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-4-carboxylate | 80405-41-0 | C15H18O6 |
| —— | 3-Ethyl-3,6,6-trimethyl-4-trimethylsilanyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 75388-11-3 | C13H26O2Si |
| —— | (3S)-3-(1-Chloro-1-methylethyl)-5-methylhexan-5-olide | 85710-58-3 | C10H17ClO2 |
| —— | 1360818-17-2 | C25H54O5Si3 | |
| —— | 82010-45-5 | C9H12F3NO4 | |
| —— | 5-(2,2-pentamethyleneiodovinyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1100356-37-3 | C11H15IO2 |
| —— | (1S,2S,5S,9S)-5-ethyl-2,10,10-trimethyl-3-oxa-6-azatricyclo[7.1.1.02,7]undec-6-en-4-one | 141895-38-7 | C14H21NO2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,7aR)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-hexyl-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 86670-34-0 | C20H36O3Si |
| —— | (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-o-tolyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1300698-91-2 | C12H13BrO2 |
| —— | 1432321-02-2 | C13H14O3 | |
| —— | <3aR-<3aα,4α(1E,3R<sup>*</sup>),5β,6aα>>-Hexahydro-5-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl)-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-1-on | 101469-57-2 | C15H24O4 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-Methylsulfanylmethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 331870-87-2 | C11H18O4S |
| —— | 4-(hexadecoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one | 113897-48-6 | C21H40O3 |
| —— | t-butyl 2-bromomethyl-11,11-dimethyl-5-oxatricyclo<7,3,0,03,7>dodec-8-en-4-one-2-carboxylate | 61013-76-1 | C19H27BrO4 |
| —— | 8-methyl-6-methoxycarbonyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.4.0>deca-4,8-dien-3-one | 75233-49-7 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | (R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-(6-methyl-heptanoyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 162662-07-9 | C19H36O4Si |
| —— | (5R,6S,7S,8R)-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-ethyl-3,5,7-trimethyl-1-oxacyclooctane-2,4-dione | 950479-47-7 | C18H34O4Si |
| —— | α-Acetyl-γ-hydroxymethyl-butyrolacton | 3620-27-7 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,8S,9R,9aR,9bs)-8-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydrobenzo[de]chromen-4-yl acetate | 1294513-71-5 | C16H22O5 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-2,3,3a,6-tetrahydro-thiopyrano[2,3-b]furan-7a-carboxylic acid | 116012-87-4 | C8H8O4S |
| —— | 3aα,6,7,7aα-tetrahydro-4-methylbenzofuran-2(3H)-one | 131428-17-6 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 3,4,6-tri-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,5-lactone | 79999-51-2 | C24H52O5Si3 |
| —— | [(E)-4-(2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl)butan-2-ylideneamino]urea | 371226-45-8 | C14H25N3O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl 2R-2-iodo-[(4R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxo[1,3]dioxan-4-yl]propionate | 359849-06-2 | C12H19IO5 |
| —— | 1,7-Dioxadispiro[4.0.4.2]dodecane-2,8-dione,(5R,6R)-rel- (9CI) | 6167-80-2 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | (3aα,4α,5β,6aβ)-hexahydro-4-(5-pentyl-3-isoxazolyl)-5-hydroxy-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 114647-60-8 | C15H21NO4 |
| —— | 1613445-94-5 | C10H14O2 | |
| —— | <5.3.2>propella-ε-lactone | 78571-63-8 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (5S,1'S)-5-(2'-cyclohexyl-1'-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 137530-20-2 | C13H22O5S |
| —— | (E)-ethyl 3-(5-benzyl-4-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)acrylate | 1197133-14-4 | C16H18O5 |
| —— | 120284-40-4 | C12H12O5 | |
| —— | 3-(3-Oxo-cyclohexyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 58649-10-8 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (1′R,5R)-5-{1′-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]tridecanyl}-3H,5H-furan-2-one | 852203-52-2 | C33H50O3Si |
| —— | (1R,4R,5R)-1,4-di-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-vinylcyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone | 1598377-43-5 | C21H38O4Si2 |
| —— | 3-phenyl-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-6,6a-dihydro-3a<i>H</i>-furo[2,3-<i>d</i>]isoxazol-5-one | 59728-68-6 | C11H9NO3 |
| —— | 5-(chloroformyl)-cis,cis-1,3,5-trimethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid lactone | 79410-26-7 | C12H17ClO3 |
| —— | (1<i>S</i>)-2<i>exo</i>-ethyl-3-oxa-10-aza-bicyclo[4.3.1]decan-4-one | 67257-76-5 | C10H17NO2 |
| —— | ((Z)-6a-Pent-2-enyl)-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,6-dione | 79402-24-7 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | α-Isopentyloxymethyl-γ-chlor-δ-hydroxy-γ-valerolacton | 18451-84-8 | C11H19ClO4 |
| —— | γ-lactone of 2β-trimethylsilyloxymethyl-3α-trimethylsilyloxy-5α-hydroxy-1α-cyclopentylacetic acid | 90472-67-6 | C14H28O4Si2 |
| —— | 91842-05-6 | C14H17ClO6 | |
| —— | 4-iodomethyl-3,3-dimethyl-oxetan-2-one | 36598-05-7 | C6H9IO2 |
| —— | 2,6-dideoxy-L-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone | 78185-00-9 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | 5-Heptyl-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 272781-79-0 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | 3-(1-Ethyl-propylidene)-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 96759-49-8 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | methyl 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 101960-12-7 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 4-oxo-2,2,3,3,5,5,5-heptafluoropentanoic acid lactol | 99728-39-9 | C5HF7O3 |
| —— | [3S-(3α,4β,5α)]-dihydro-5-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyloxy]methyl]-4-[(phenylmethoxy)amino]-3-propyl-2(3H)-furanone | 321307-13-5 | C31H39NO4Si |
| —— | syn-3-carbethoxy-4-methoxy-1,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-6H-furo<3,4-c>pyrazol-6-one | 120850-58-0 | C9H12N2O5 |
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