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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3aS,6aR)-3,3a,6,6a-Tetrahydro-2H-1-oxapentalen-2-one 54483-22-6 C7H8O2
    (3aS,6aR)-3,3a,6,6a-Tetrahydro-2H-1-oxapentalen-2-one
    —— (1S,4R)-1-(4-ethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C16H27N2O3+
    (1S,4R)-1-(4-ethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (5S,6R)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione —— C12H20O3
    (5S,6R)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C9H15N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [(Z)-4-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 2-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C8H11O4-
    2-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— 2-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C8H11O4-
    2-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (3S,6S)-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H15FO3
    (3S,6S)-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (4S,5R)-4-methyl-5-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H5Cl3O3
    (4S,5R)-4-methyl-5-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-3-oxolanecarboxylate —— C7H9O4-
    (3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-3-oxolanecarboxylate
    —— (3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C7H9O4-
    (3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (R)-camphanic acid —— C10H13O4-
    (R)-camphanic acid
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(thiomorpholine-4-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C14H21NO3S
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(thiomorpholine-4-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (2R,6R)-1-chloro-7-phenyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,7]nonan-9-one —— C14H13ClO2
    (2R,6R)-1-chloro-7-phenyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,7]nonan-9-one
    —— [(3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-1-ium-3-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H23N2O6+
    [(3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-1-ium-3-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1S,3R,6R,9R,12S,16R)-3-(Furan-3-yl)-6,12,16-trimethyl-2,8,14,17-tetraoxapentacyclo[7.6.1.13,9.01,12.05,16]heptadecane-7,13-dione —— C20H22O7
    (1S,3R,6R,9R,12S,16R)-3-(Furan-3-yl)-6,12,16-trimethyl-2,8,14,17-tetraoxapentacyclo[7.6.1.13,9.01,12.05,16]heptadecane-7,13-dione
    —— ethyl (3S,5R)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C15H18O4
    ethyl (3S,5R)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H12O4S
    ethyl (3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H12O4S
    ethyl (3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(4-ethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C14H16O3
    (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(4-ethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl (3R,5S)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H12O5
    ethyl (3R,5S)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,5S)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H12O5
    ethyl (3S,5S)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,5R)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H12O5
    ethyl (3S,5R)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3R,5R)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H12O5
    ethyl (3R,5R)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C13H13NO2
    (3R,5R)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,5R)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C13H13NO2
    (3S,5R)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-thiophen-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C10H10O3S
    (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-thiophen-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(furan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H10O4
    (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(furan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C9H7NO2S
    (3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(furan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H10O4
    (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(furan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C9H7NO2S
    (3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-(furan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H10O4
    (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-(furan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6S,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6S,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— [(Z)-2-[(2S,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-1-enyl]thiourea —— C13H22N2O2S
    [(Z)-2-[(2S,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-1-enyl]thiourea
    —— 3-HYDROXY-4-(SUCCIN-2-YL)-CARYOLANE delta-LACTONE —— C19H28O4
    3-HYDROXY-4-(SUCCIN-2-YL)-CARYOLANE delta-LACTONE
    —— andrographolide —— C20H30O5
    andrographolide
    —— (2S,5R,16R,17R)-16-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6,11,17-pentamethyl-10,15-dioxatetracyclo[9.8.0.02,7.012,17]nonadeca-3,12-diene-9,14-dione —— C26H32O6
    (2S,5R,16R,17R)-16-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6,11,17-pentamethyl-10,15-dioxatetracyclo[9.8.0.02,7.012,17]nonadeca-3,12-diene-9,14-dione
    —— 4-(2H-1,2-oxazol-5-ylidene)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H5NO4
    4-(2H-1,2-oxazol-5-ylidene)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 1-[[2-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-4-(methylcarbamothioylhydrazinylidene)-5-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]amino]-3-methylthiourea —— C10H16N6O4S2
    1-[[2-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-4-(methylcarbamothioylhydrazinylidene)-5-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]amino]-3-methylthiourea
    —— (5S)-5-(4-butylphenyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C15H20O2
    (5S)-5-(4-butylphenyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanone —— C6H10O6
    (4R,5R)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanone
    —— (3R)-4,4-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[2.5]octan-8-one —— C8H12O3
    (3R)-4,4-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[2.5]octan-8-one
    —— (4R)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,5R,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (4R)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,5R,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-icos-19-en-11-ynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one;(3S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-icos-11-ynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C50H86O6
    (3S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-icos-19-en-11-ynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one;(3S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-icos-11-ynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,2R,5R,9R,10S,13R)-13-hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-3,14,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.5.0.01,6.02,12]pentadecan-4-one —— C15H22O5
    (1R,2R,5R,9R,10S,13R)-13-hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-3,14,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.5.0.01,6.02,12]pentadecan-4-one
    —— (2R,3R,6R,7R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-3,6,7-trimethylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecane-2,3'-oxolane]-2',8-dione —— C20H24O5
    (2R,3R,6R,7R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-3,6,7-trimethylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecane-2,3'-oxolane]-2',8-dione
    —— (3S,4R,5R)-4-Hydroxy-3-icos-11-ynyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C25H44O3
    (3S,4R,5R)-4-Hydroxy-3-icos-11-ynyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— Tehranolide —— C15H22O6
    Tehranolide
    —— (3S,4S)-3-acetyl-5-ethoxy-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O4
    (3S,4S)-3-acetyl-5-ethoxy-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— Isoteucrin H4 —— C19H20O6
    Isoteucrin H4