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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5R)-3,3-dichloro-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14Cl2O2
    (5R)-3,3-dichloro-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,2R,5R,6R,7S)-2,6-dimethyl-4,8-dioxo-3-oxatricyclo[5.4.0.02,6]undecane-5-carbonitrile —— C13H15NO3
    (1R,2R,5R,6R,7S)-2,6-dimethyl-4,8-dioxo-3-oxatricyclo[5.4.0.02,6]undecane-5-carbonitrile
    —— (1R,2S,5R,6R,7S)-2,6-dimethyl-4,8-dioxo-3-oxatricyclo[5.4.0.02,6]undecane-5-carbonitrile —— C13H15NO3
    (1R,2S,5R,6R,7S)-2,6-dimethyl-4,8-dioxo-3-oxatricyclo[5.4.0.02,6]undecane-5-carbonitrile
    —— (1S,2R,5R,6R,7S)-2,6-dimethyl-4,8-dioxo-3-oxatricyclo[5.4.0.02,6]undecane-5-carbonitrile —— C13H15NO3
    (1S,2R,5R,6R,7S)-2,6-dimethyl-4,8-dioxo-3-oxatricyclo[5.4.0.02,6]undecane-5-carbonitrile
    —— 6-Methyl-5-phenyl-1,5,6,8a-tetrahydrocyclohepta[c]furan-3-one —— C16H16O2
    6-Methyl-5-phenyl-1,5,6,8a-tetrahydrocyclohepta[c]furan-3-one
    —— propyl (2S)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H13ClO4
    propyl (2S)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3aS,6aS)-6,6,6a-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (3aS,6aS)-6,6,6a-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1S,6R,9S)-5,5,9-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecan-10-one —— C14H22O2
    (1S,6R,9S)-5,5,9-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecan-10-one
    —— (1S,2R,6S,9R,10S)-10-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-12-oxo-11-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,9.02,6]tridec-7-ene-8-carbaldehyde —— C15H18O4
    (1S,2R,6S,9R,10S)-10-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-12-oxo-11-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,9.02,6]tridec-7-ene-8-carbaldehyde
    —— (3aR,6aR)-6,6,6a-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (3aR,6aR)-6,6,6a-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3E,5S)-3-(azidomethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C6H7N3O2
    (3E,5S)-3-(azidomethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,5R)-3-(azidomethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C6H7N3O2
    (3E,5R)-3-(azidomethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3S)-3-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-methyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (5S)-5-methyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-methyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (5R)-5-methyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— methyl (1R,5S)-2-(carbamoylamino)-1-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene-4-carboxylate —— C12H17N3O6
    methyl (1R,5S)-2-(carbamoylamino)-1-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene-4-carboxylate
    —— trimethyl-[[(3R,5S,8S)-8-methyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]methyl]azanium —— C12H20NO4+
    trimethyl-[[(3R,5S,8S)-8-methyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]methyl]azanium
    —— methyl (1S,5R)-2-(carbamoylamino)-1-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene-4-carboxylate —— C12H17N3O6
    methyl (1S,5R)-2-(carbamoylamino)-1-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene-4-carboxylate
    —— trimethyl-[[(3R,5R,8S)-8-methyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]methyl]azanium —— C12H20NO4+
    trimethyl-[[(3R,5R,8S)-8-methyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]methyl]azanium
    —— (1R,4S,5R,6S,7R)-7-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O5
    (1R,4S,5R,6S,7R)-7-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,4R,5R,6S,7R)-7-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O5
    (1R,4R,5R,6S,7R)-7-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,4S,5S,6S,7R)-7-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O5
    (1R,4S,5S,6S,7R)-7-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-carboxylic acid
    —— trimethyl-[[(3R,5R,8R)-8-methyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]methyl]azanium —— C12H20NO4+
    trimethyl-[[(3R,5R,8R)-8-methyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]methyl]azanium
    —— trimethyl-[[(3R,5S,8R)-8-methyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]methyl]azanium —— C12H20NO4+
    trimethyl-[[(3R,5S,8R)-8-methyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]methyl]azanium
    —— (5S)-3,3-dibenzyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C24H22O2
    (5S)-3,3-dibenzyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,6R,8R)-4,4,4',4',6-pentamethyl-2,5'-dioxospiro[bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-8,2'-oxolane]-1-carboxylic acid —— C18H26O5
    (1R,6R,8R)-4,4,4',4',6-pentamethyl-2,5'-dioxospiro[bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-8,2'-oxolane]-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,6S,8R)-4,4,4',4',6-pentamethyl-2,5'-dioxospiro[bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-8,2'-oxolane]-1-carboxylic acid —— C18H26O5
    (1S,6S,8R)-4,4,4',4',6-pentamethyl-2,5'-dioxospiro[bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-8,2'-oxolane]-1-carboxylic acid
    —— ethyl (1R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene-4-carboxylate —— C13H18O5
    ethyl (1R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene-4-carboxylate
    —— [(3R)-1-phenylpent-1-yn-3-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C21H24O4
    [(3R)-1-phenylpent-1-yn-3-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— 5-Oxatetracyclo[8.2.1.02,9.03,7]tridec-11-en-4-one —— C12H14O2
    5-Oxatetracyclo[8.2.1.02,9.03,7]tridec-11-en-4-one
    —— (1R,4R,5S,6S,7R)-6-acetyl-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-7-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-4-carbonitrile —— C17H17NO3
    (1R,4R,5S,6S,7R)-6-acetyl-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-7-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-4-carbonitrile
    —— (1R,4R,5S,6S,7S)-6-acetyl-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-7-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-4-carbonitrile —— C17H17NO3
    (1R,4R,5S,6S,7S)-6-acetyl-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-7-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-4-carbonitrile
    —— (1R,4R,5S,6R,7R)-6-acetyl-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-7-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-4-carbonitrile —— C17H17NO3
    (1R,4R,5S,6R,7R)-6-acetyl-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-7-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-4-carbonitrile
    —— 3-benzylidene-6,7-dimethoxy-6,9a-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]quinolin-2-one —— C20H17NO4
    3-benzylidene-6,7-dimethoxy-6,9a-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]quinolin-2-one
    —— [(Z)-[2-amino-1-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H19N3O5S
    [(Z)-[2-amino-1-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— 3-[Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-3-sulfanyloxolan-2-one —— C22H24O6S2
    3-[Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-3-sulfanyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R,5S,6R,7S)-6-acetyl-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-7-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-4-carbonitrile —— C17H17NO3
    (1R,4R,5S,6R,7S)-6-acetyl-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-7-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-4-carbonitrile
    —— ethyl (1R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene-4-carboxylate —— C13H18O5
    ethyl (1R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene-4-carboxylate
    —— [(3S)-1-phenylpent-1-yn-3-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C21H24O4
    [(3S)-1-phenylpent-1-yn-3-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (3S)-3-methyl-3-[(R)-[(2S)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]methoxy]oxetan-2-one —— C12H20O5
    (3S)-3-methyl-3-[(R)-[(2S)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]methoxy]oxetan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O4
    (3R)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R)-3-methyl-3-[(S)-[(2S)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]methoxy]oxetan-2-one —— C12H20O5
    (3R)-3-methyl-3-[(S)-[(2S)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]methoxy]oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-methyl-3-[(S)-[(2S)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]methoxy]oxetan-2-one —— C12H20O5
    (3S)-3-methyl-3-[(S)-[(2S)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]methoxy]oxetan-2-one
    —— ethyl 2-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C12H16O5
    ethyl 2-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (3R,5R)-3-ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H12O2
    (3R,5R)-3-ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R,9R,10S,13R)-13-hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-3,14,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.5.0.01,6.02,12]pentadecan-4-one —— C15H22O5
    (1R,5R,9R,10S,13R)-13-hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-3,14,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.5.0.01,6.02,12]pentadecan-4-one
    —— (6aS)-3,5,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C7H8O2
    (6aS)-3,5,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C5H6O4
    (3R)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3aS,3'aS,6aS,6'aS)-3,3'-spirobi[4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan]-2,2'-dione —— C13H16O4
    (3aS,3'aS,6aS,6'aS)-3,3'-spirobi[4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan]-2,2'-dione
    —— (3aS,3'aS,6aS,6'aR)-3,3'-spirobi[4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan]-2,2'-dione —— C13H16O4
    (3aS,3'aS,6aS,6'aR)-3,3'-spirobi[4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan]-2,2'-dione