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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4R,6R)-6-[2-((1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-{([7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]carbamoyl)oxy}-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthyl)ethyl]-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1431473-58-3 C33H56N2O7Si
    (4R,6R)-6-[2-((1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-{([7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]carbamoyl)oxy}-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthyl)ethyl]-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-(2-{(1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-[(4-ethynylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthyl}ethyl)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1431473-51-6 C35H49NO5Si
    (4R,6R)-6-(2-{(1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-[(4-ethynylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthyl}ethyl)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<1,2,6,7,8,8a(S)-hexahydro-8(S)-methoxy-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1(S)-naphthyl>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 79691-17-1 C20H30O4
    6(R)-<2-<1,2,6,7,8,8a(S)-hexahydro-8(S)-methoxy-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1(S)-naphthyl>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-6(R)-<2-<1,2,6,7,8,8a(S)-hexahydro-8(S)-methoxy-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1(S)-naphthyl>ethyl>-3,4,56-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 79710-38-6 C26H44O4Si
    4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-6(R)-<2-<1,2,6,7,8,8a(S)-hexahydro-8(S)-methoxy-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1(S)-naphthyl>ethyl>-3,4,56-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-methyl-butyric acid 8-{2-[4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-7-methyl-6-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester 153079-17-5 C29H46O6Si
    2-methyl-butyric acid 8-{2-[4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-7-methyl-6-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester
    —— (1S,5R)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 528587-70-4 C11H9FO2
    (1S,5R)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— [(1S,3R,7R,8R,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate 153079-22-2 C30H50O6Si
    [(1S,3R,7R,8R,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 82442-72-6 C7H10O2
    (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 1,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 4349-37-5 C10H16O2
    1,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— 1,4,4-trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 4349-36-4 C10H16O2
    1,4,4-trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— 8-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-methylidene-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,5]dodecan-10-one 145397-94-0 C13H18O3
    8-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-methylidene-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,5]dodecan-10-one
    —— 3-Methyl-4-propyloxetan-2-one 412274-90-9 C7H12O2
    3-Methyl-4-propyloxetan-2-one
    —— 4(S)-(1-methylethyl)-3(R)-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone 147977-16-0 C7H12O3
    4(S)-(1-methylethyl)-3(R)-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (1R,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 30860-35-6 C10H16O2
    (1R,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— 6,7-diphenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2,4-dione 37518-25-5 C18H14O3
    6,7-diphenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2,4-dione
    —— D-gulurono-6,3-lactone —— C6H8O6
    D-gulurono-6,3-lactone
    —— methyl 3,11-dioxo-4-oxa-A-homo-olean-12-en-30-oate 1158817-88-9 C31H46O5
    methyl 3,11-dioxo-4-oxa-A-homo-olean-12-en-30-oate
    —— 3,11-dioxo-4-oxa-A-homo-olean-12-en-30-oic acid 103498-64-2 C30H44O5
    3,11-dioxo-4-oxa-A-homo-olean-12-en-30-oic acid
    —— 5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-3-deoxy-2-Se-phenyl-2-seleno-D-erythro-pentonic acid γ-lactone 115728-44-4 C27H30O3SeSi
    5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-3-deoxy-2-Se-phenyl-2-seleno-D-erythro-pentonic acid γ-lactone
    —— (5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran 32780-06-6 C5H8O3
    (5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran
    —— 6-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one 10413-17-9 C11H12O2
    6-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (R)-6-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one 767330-06-3 C13H16O3
    (R)-6-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— α-methylene-γ-hexalactone 67964-41-4 C7H10O2
    α-methylene-γ-hexalactone
    —— Tetrahydro-6,6-dipropyl-2H-pyran-2-on 115407-68-6 C11H20O2
    Tetrahydro-6,6-dipropyl-2H-pyran-2-on
    —— 5,5-dipropyldihydrofuran-2-one 49770-88-9 C10H18O2
    5,5-dipropyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 6-(2-phenylethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one 10186-22-8 C13H16O2
    6-(2-phenylethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 5-phenethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 112606-95-8 C12H14O2
    5-phenethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3,4-Dihydro-3,3,4,4-tetrahydroxy-5-phenyl-furan-2(5H)-one 100677-46-1 C10H10O6
    3,4-Dihydro-3,3,4,4-tetrahydroxy-5-phenyl-furan-2(5H)-one
    —— photosantanoic acid 7712-40-5 C15H18O3
    photosantanoic acid
    —— oxoisodehydroleucodin 107693-45-8 C15H14O4
    oxoisodehydroleucodin
    —— (1S,2S,8S,12S,16S,11R)-2,16-dimethyl-15-(3-pyridinyl)-5-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.0(2,8).0(12,16)]octadec-14-en-6-one 1315356-46-7 C24H31NO2
    (1S,2S,8S,12S,16S,11R)-2,16-dimethyl-15-(3-pyridinyl)-5-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.0(2,8).0(12,16)]octadec-14-en-6-one
    —— (1S,12S,16S,2R,8R,11R)-2,16-dimethyl-15-(3-pyridinyl)-6-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.0(2,8).0(12,16)]octadec-14-en-5-one 1315356-48-9 C24H31NO2
    (1S,12S,16S,2R,8R,11R)-2,16-dimethyl-15-(3-pyridinyl)-6-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.0(2,8).0(12,16)]octadec-14-en-5-one
    —— 1α(S),10α(R)-dihydroxy-3-oxo-11β(S)H-4-guaien-6α(S),12-olide 1412085-25-6 C15H20O5
    1α(S),10α(R)-dihydroxy-3-oxo-11β(S)H-4-guaien-6α(S),12-olide
    —— 1β(R),10β(S)-dihydroxy-3-oxo-11β (S)H-4,11(13)-guaien-6α(S),12-olide 1202791-95-4 C15H20O5
    1β(R),10β(S)-dihydroxy-3-oxo-11β (S)H-4,11(13)-guaien-6α(S),12-olide
    —— (1R,3S,6S,7S,10S)-3,7,12-trimethyl-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.01,3.06,10]tetradec-11-ene-8,13-dione 1203607-74-2 C15H18O4
    (1R,3S,6S,7S,10S)-3,7,12-trimethyl-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.01,3.06,10]tetradec-11-ene-8,13-dione
    —— (3S,3αS,6R,8S,9βS)-6,8-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3α,4,5,6,6α,7,8,9β-octahydroazuleno[4,5-β]furan-2(3H)-one 1188382-13-9 C15H22O4
    (3S,3αS,6R,8S,9βS)-6,8-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3α,4,5,6,6α,7,8,9β-octahydroazuleno[4,5-β]furan-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,3αS,6R,8S,9βS)-8-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3α,4,5,6,6α,7,8,9β-decahydroazuleno[4,5-β]furan-6-yl acetate 1188382-12-8 C17H24O5
    (3S,3αS,6R,8S,9βS)-8-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3α,4,5,6,6α,7,8,9β-decahydroazuleno[4,5-β]furan-6-yl acetate
    —— (3R,3aS,9bR)-3,6,9-Trimethyl-3a,5,7,9b-tetrahydro-3H,4H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione 154614-56-9 C15H18O3
    (3R,3aS,9bR)-3,6,9-Trimethyl-3a,5,7,9b-tetrahydro-3H,4H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— 4-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-4-fluorotetrahydrofuran-2-one 207846-03-5 C21H25FO3Si
    4-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-4-fluorotetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— Isophoto-α-santoninlacton 1618-98-0 C15H20O4
    Isophoto-α-santoninlacton
    —— (11<i>S</i>)-6α-hydroxy-3-oxo-guaia-4,10(14)-dien-12-oic acid-lactone 23811-43-0 C15H18O3
    (11<i>S</i>)-6α-hydroxy-3-oxo-guaia-4,10(14)-dien-12-oic acid-lactone
    —— acetyl isophotosantonic lactone 1188382-08-2 C17H22O5
    acetyl isophotosantonic lactone
    —— (3S,3αS,6R,9βS)-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3α,5,6,6α,7,9β-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-β]furan-2,8(3H,4H)-dione 1188497-79-1 C15H20O4
    (3S,3αS,6R,9βS)-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3α,5,6,6α,7,9β-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-β]furan-2,8(3H,4H)-dione
    —— O-acetylisophotosantonic lactone 7759-23-1 C17H22O5
    O-acetylisophotosantonic lactone
    —— (4R,6S)-trans-4-<t-butyl(dimethyl)silyloxy>-6-iodomethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 121772-44-9 C12H23IO3Si
    (4R,6S)-trans-4-<t-butyl(dimethyl)silyloxy>-6-iodomethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— [4,4-2H2]-butane-4-lactone 68036-47-5 C4H6O2
    [4,4-2H2]-butane-4-lactone
    —— 4',5'-dihydro-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3'(2'H)-furan]-2'-one 72377-80-1 C10H12O2
    4',5'-dihydro-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3'(2'H)-furan]-2'-one
    —— 2-C-methyl-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone 53008-90-5 C6H10O5
    2-C-methyl-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2-C-hydroxymethyl-D-mannono-1,4-lactone 211623-21-1 C7H12O7
    2-C-hydroxymethyl-D-mannono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2-hydroxymethyl-D-gluconic acid-4-lactone 827046-35-5 C7H12O7
    2-hydroxymethyl-D-gluconic acid-4-lactone