内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3R,4aR,5R,6S,8S,8aS)-8-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-octahydro-chromene-5-carbonitrile | 108144-18-9 | C17H29NO4Si |
| —— | (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-tridecyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 7316-76-9 | C18H32O4 |
| —— | (2aS,2a1S,5aS,6R,10S,12aS)-5a,6-dihydroxy-10-methyloctahydrobenzofuro[3,4-cd]oxecine-1,5,12(2aH,2a1H,12aH)-trione | 1246077-45-1 | C15H20O7 |
| —— | 82262-34-8 | C14H18O4 | |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>,6R<sup>*</sup>)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-phenyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 136031-60-2 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 128144-94-5 | C18H25ClO6 | |
| —— | (1S,2S,3R,7S,8R,10S)-10-Heptadecafluorooctyl-4-oxo-5-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]decane-2-carboxylic acid | 69653-59-4 | C18H11F17O4 |
| —— | 11βH,13-dihydrohirsutolide | 125117-11-5 | C16H22O5 |
| —— | (1S,4S,6R,7S,9S)-7-Methyl-11-oxo-10-oxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecane-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 107449-72-9 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | 5-Butyl-3-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 123507-69-7 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | (4R,5R,8R,9S,12R,13R)-12,13-dihydroxy-9-mesyloxy-5,8-oxidotricos-22-en-1,4-olide | 720678-37-5 | C24H42O8S |
| —— | (2S,4R)-4-[4'-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)butyl]-2-methyl-γ-butyrolactone | 946408-89-5 | C25H34O3Si |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3-Hydroxy-5-isopropyl-4,4-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 124402-19-3 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | dimethyl 9-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.01,4]undecane-2,8-dicarboxylate | 109950-39-2 | C14H18O6 |
| —— | (3-chloro-<i>dl</i>-camphoric acid )-anhydride | 66569-62-8 | C10H13ClO3 |
| —— | 2,3-dideoxy-3C-phenyl-D-manno-heptono-1,4-lactone | 89358-92-9 | C13H16O5 |
| —— | 4-benzyl-3-ethenyloxolan-2-one | 113495-38-8 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | Gd(10-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclodecane-1,4,7-triacetate)(water) | 157072-96-3 | C17H31GdN4O8 |
| —— | (R)-5-((R)-1-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 138640-02-5 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5S)-5-((R)-1-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)propan-2-yl)-4-methyl-3-((Z)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1447829-99-3 | C30H40O3Si |
| —— | 3(S)-(1(R),4-dimethyl-2(E)-pentenyl)-4(S)-methyl-5(R)-(1(S)-methylbutyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 104784-15-8 | C17H30O2 |
| —— | 5-Ethoxy-4,4-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 43131-88-0 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 69745-18-2 | C9H12O2 | |
| —— | (4aR,6aS,6bS,6cR,10aS,12aR,12bR,12cS)-3,3,6b,9,9,12b-Hexamethyl-dodecahydro-2,8-dioxa-dibenzo[a,b]biphenylene-1,6,7,12-tetraone | 71430-84-7 | C24H32O6 |
| —— | 5-(Iodomethyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one | 78804-75-8 | C6H7IO2 |
| —— | 3,8-epoxy-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octane-2-carboxylic acid | 1079-10-3 | C8H7IO5 |
| —— | (4S,4aR,8aR)-4-(3-Bromo-propyl)-octahydro-isochromen-3-one | 99469-52-0 | C12H19BrO2 |
| —— | cis-4-hydroxy-6-(mercaptomethyl)-4-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 96228-37-4 | C7H12O3S |
| —— | 3,7-Dimethyl-1-oxo-3,3a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-isobenzofuran-4,4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 115399-26-3 | C16H22O6 |
| —— | 4β-acetoxy-2,3,3aβ,4,6,7,8,8a,9,9aβ-decahydro-8aβ-methyl-2-oxonaphtho<2,3-b>furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 74064-10-1 | C17H22O6 |
| —— | 3-(2-Methyl-1-phenylprop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one | 1279129-54-2 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5S)-3-Benzylsulfanyl-5-isopropyl-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 107465-19-0 | C15H20O2S |
| —— | 9-allyl-6,8-diphenyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-en-10-one | 1402163-69-2 | C24H24O2 |
| —— | 2-Oxa-6,10-dithia-spiro[4.5]decan-1-one | 95680-18-5 | C7H10O2S2 |
| —— | 4-O-Methyl-L-arabinolacton | 89599-41-7 | C6H10O5 |
| —— | α-Butyl-γ-butyrolacton-γ-carbonsaeure-amid | 90608-93-8 | C9H15NO3 |
| —— | 18479-84-0 | C18H14O8 | |
| —— | perfluoro(ε-caprolactone) | 130292-44-3 | C6F10O2 |
| —— | 2-allyl-4-propoxymethylbutanolide | 945738-23-8 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | Oxabicyclo<3.3.2>decan-3,9-dion | 70260-38-7 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (1S,5S)-4-Hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 70871-01-1 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-(3-oxo-butyl)-furan-2,4-dione | 855912-63-9 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | (1S,4R)-1-(1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-1-pyridylcarbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-3-on | 111838-91-6 | C15H21NO3 |
| —— | ((3R,3aR,6aR)-2-Oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester | 143741-40-6 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | 2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-L-glucono-1,5-lactone | 139578-43-1 | C6H9FO4 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(oct-1-enyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1150106-67-4 | C21H38O3Si |
| —— | 3a-Brom-1-oxo-3,3,6c-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan | 90972-52-4 | C10H15BrO2 |
| —— | 1579938-58-1 | C15H22O2 | |
| —— | di(difluorocyclopropane)parthenin | 72247-64-4 | C17H16F4O3 |
| —— | 72247-67-7 | C18H16F6O3 |
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