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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-(Bromoacetyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one 60999-29-3 C7H9BrO3
    3-(Bromoacetyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (2S,4S)-4-Chloroformyl-2-methylbutan-4-olide 88218-43-3 C6H7ClO3
    (2S,4S)-4-Chloroformyl-2-methylbutan-4-olide
    —— 7-oxo-4-oxepanecarboxylic acid 485817-06-9 C7H10O4
    7-oxo-4-oxepanecarboxylic acid
    —— (4S,5S)-(+)-5-[1-iodo-1(Z)-butenyl]-4-methyl-4,5-dihydo-2-(3H)-furanone 1215224-28-4 C9H13IO2
    (4S,5S)-(+)-5-[1-iodo-1(Z)-butenyl]-4-methyl-4,5-dihydo-2-(3H)-furanone
    —— Glucoheptonic acid-1,4-lactone 221129-02-8 C7H12O7
    Glucoheptonic acid-1,4-lactone
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-dihydrofuran-2-one 1215021-45-6 C11H12O3
    (3R,4R,5S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-vinyl-5-[(S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 154914-14-4 C8H12O3
    (4R,5S)-4-vinyl-5-[(S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (4S,5S)-4-vinyl-5-[(S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 1215080-19-5 C8H12O3
    (4S,5S)-4-vinyl-5-[(S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (4R,8S)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-8-methyloxocan-2-one 1221563-83-2 C10H18O4
    (4R,8S)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-8-methyloxocan-2-one
    —— [(1S)-5-azido-1-[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]pentyl] methanesulfonate 1206531-39-6 C10H17N3O5S
    [(1S)-5-azido-1-[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]pentyl] methanesulfonate
    —— (5S)-5-[(1S)-5-bromo-1-hydroxypentyl]oxolan-2-one 1206531-35-2 C9H15BrO3
    (5S)-5-[(1S)-5-bromo-1-hydroxypentyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3α-oxa-A-homo-7α,12α,24-trimethoxy-5β-cholan-3-one 1206475-16-2 C27H46O5
    3α-oxa-A-homo-7α,12α,24-trimethoxy-5β-cholan-3-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-5-amino-3,4-dimethyl-pyran-2-one 1210057-76-3 C12H21NO4
    (3R,4S,5S)-N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-5-amino-3,4-dimethyl-pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-5-amino-3,4-dimethyl-pyran-2-one 1210057-72-9 C12H21NO4
    (3S,4S,5S)-N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-5-amino-3,4-dimethyl-pyran-2-one
    —— 11-epichaetomugilin A 1227058-32-3 C23H27ClO7
    11-epichaetomugilin A
    —— (4S,5R)-4-ethenyl-5-[(2S,5S,6R)-2-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5-triethylsilyloxyoct-7-enyl]oxolan-2-one 1224633-07-1 C22H40O4Si
    (4S,5R)-4-ethenyl-5-[(2S,5S,6R)-2-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5-triethylsilyloxyoct-7-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-5-[(2R,3S)-3-ethenyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-4-methyl-4-trimethylsilyloxypentanal 1001435-47-7 C15H26O4Si
    (4S)-5-[(2R,3S)-3-ethenyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-4-methyl-4-trimethylsilyloxypentanal
    —— (3R,4S)-4-[(2R,3R)-3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pentan-2-yl]-3-methyloxetan-2-one 1227673-04-2 C15H30O3Si
    (3R,4S)-4-[(2R,3R)-3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pentan-2-yl]-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3aS,4Z,6R,7S,10S,11aR)-7,10-dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-3,3a,6,7,8,9,11,11a-octahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one 1224633-08-2 C14H22O4
    (3aS,4Z,6R,7S,10S,11aR)-7,10-dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-3,3a,6,7,8,9,11,11a-octahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-ethyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one 1227673-03-1 C6H10O2
    (3S,4R)-4-ethyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— dubiusamine-B 1231900-74-5 C18H27NO4
    dubiusamine-B
    —— (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(16-methoxyhexadecylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate 1219016-26-8 C28H50O6
    (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(16-methoxyhexadecylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— (Z)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(16-methoxyhexadecylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate 1219016-27-9 C28H50O6
    (Z)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(16-methoxyhexadecylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— (3aS,4R,7aS)-2-trichloromethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4-methylpyrano[4,3-d]oxazol-6-one 1228015-69-7 C8H8Cl3NO3
    (3aS,4R,7aS)-2-trichloromethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4-methylpyrano[4,3-d]oxazol-6-one
    —— (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(8-(isopentyloxy)octylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate 1219016-32-6 C24H42O6
    (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(8-(isopentyloxy)octylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(4-(nonyloxy)butylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate 1219016-35-9 C24H42O6
    (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(4-(nonyloxy)butylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(8-methoxyoctylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate 1219016-24-6 C20H34O6
    (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(8-methoxyoctylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxo-4-(8-(pentyloxy)octylidene)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate 1219016-28-0 C24H42O6
    (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxo-4-(8-(pentyloxy)octylidene)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(12-methoxydodecylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate 1219016-25-7 C24H42O6
    (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(12-methoxydodecylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— (E)-(4-(8-(cyclopentyloxy)octylidene)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate 1219016-33-7 C24H40O6
    (E)-(4-(8-(cyclopentyloxy)octylidene)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(8-((2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy)octylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate 1219016-31-5 C23H40O8
    (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(8-((2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy)octylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— 4-hydroxy-1-oxaspiro[5.11]heptadecan-2-one 1001855-68-0 C16H28O3
    4-hydroxy-1-oxaspiro[5.11]heptadecan-2-one
    —— 9-hydroxy-6-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one 1001855-67-9 C9H14O3
    9-hydroxy-6-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one
    —— 6-butyl-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone 1001855-65-7 C9H16O3
    6-butyl-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone
    —— 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)glutaric-d4 Anhydride 1189700-43-3 C11H9ClO3
    3-(4-Chlorophenyl)glutaric-d4 Anhydride
    —— 2-[(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid 80876-59-1 C6H8O7
    2-[(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid
    —— [(2S,3S)-2-tert-butylthio-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl]-carbamic acid allyl ester 1234549-24-6 C12H19NO4S
    [(2S,3S)-2-tert-butylthio-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl]-carbamic acid allyl ester
    —— [(2R,3S)-2-tert-butylthio-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]-carbamic acid allyl ester 1234549-23-5 C12H19NO4S
    [(2R,3S)-2-tert-butylthio-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]-carbamic acid allyl ester
    —— 8-fluoro-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione 1234665-36-1 C10H9FO3
    8-fluoro-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione
    —— 6-[6-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)-4-methoxy-2-methylnonyl]-4-(methoxymethoxy)tetrahydropyran-2-one 1229648-56-9 C34H52O6Si
    6-[6-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)-4-methoxy-2-methylnonyl]-4-(methoxymethoxy)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 6-[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)pentyl]-4-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 1229648-52-5 C27H38O3Si
    6-[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)pentyl]-4-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 6-(2-hydroxypentyl)-4-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 1229648-43-4 C11H20O3
    6-(2-hydroxypentyl)-4-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 4-benzyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbonitrile 1238329-92-4 C12H11NO2
    4-benzyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3E)-3-[1-(prop-2-enylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione 1248590-02-4 C9H11NO3
    (3E)-3-[1-(prop-2-enylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— ethyl (2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate 1233947-77-7 C10H16O4
    ethyl (2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate
    —— 6-[2-(tert-Butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-5-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)tetrahydropyran-2-one 1242082-58-1 C17H34O6Si
    6-[2-(tert-Butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-5-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (5R,6S)-6-[(2R,4R)-4-[(4S,5R,6S)-6-ethyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]pentan-2-yl]-5-methyloxan-2-one 1242057-53-9 C20H36O4
    (5R,6S)-6-[(2R,4R)-4-[(4S,5R,6S)-6-ethyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]pentan-2-yl]-5-methyloxan-2-one
    —— methyl (S)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 1240466-92-5 C14H26O6Si
    methyl (S)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— (2aS,2a1S,5aR,10S,12aS,Z)-10-methyl-3,4,8,9,10,12a-hexahydrobenzofuro[3,4-cd]oxecine-1,5,12(2aH,2aH,5aH)-trione 1246077-14-4 C15H18O5
    (2aS,2a1S,5aR,10S,12aS,Z)-10-methyl-3,4,8,9,10,12a-hexahydrobenzofuro[3,4-cd]oxecine-1,5,12(2aH,2aH,5aH)-trione
    —— (5S,6S)-6-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1245726-24-2 C23H30O3Si
    (5S,6S)-6-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one