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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R,4R)-4-(nitromethyl)-3-octanoyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1097874-43-5 C13H21NO5
    (3R,4R)-4-(nitromethyl)-3-octanoyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-(nitromethyl)-3-pent-4-enoyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1097874-47-9 C10H13NO5
    (3R,4R)-4-(nitromethyl)-3-pent-4-enoyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-(4-methylpentanoyl)-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1097874-45-7 C11H17NO5
    (3R,4R)-3-(4-methylpentanoyl)-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-4,5-dehydro ε-lactone 1092695-34-5 C8H12O2
    2,2-dimethyl-4,5-dehydro ε-lactone
    —— 3-fluoro-3-(3-methylbut-1-ynyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 1092696-48-4 C9H11FO2
    3-fluoro-3-(3-methylbut-1-ynyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-butyryl-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1097874-35-5 C9H13NO5
    (3S,4S)-3-butyryl-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-heptanoyl-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1097874-39-9 C12H19NO5
    (3R,4R)-3-heptanoyl-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 6-methyl-4,5-dehydro ε-lactone 1092695-35-6 C7H10O2
    6-methyl-4,5-dehydro ε-lactone
    —— 2-[(2S,3R,4S)-2-hydroxy-6-oxo-4-prop-2-enyloxan-3-yl]ethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 1147756-84-0 C15H24O5
    2-[(2S,3R,4S)-2-hydroxy-6-oxo-4-prop-2-enyloxan-3-yl]ethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— 7-(3-Cyclododecyloxypropyl)oxepan-2-one 1245018-84-1 C21H38O3
    7-(3-Cyclododecyloxypropyl)oxepan-2-one
    —— (1R,2R,5R)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one 1127249-69-7 C12H22O3Si
    (1R,2R,5R)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one
    —— (1R,3R,4R,5S)-3-(tertbutyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one 1242309-81-4 C13H24O3Si
    (1R,3R,4R,5S)-3-(tertbutyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one
    —— (1S,3R,4R,5R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one 1242309-83-6 C13H24O3Si
    (1S,3R,4R,5R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one
    —— (3S,5R,1'R)-5-[3'-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1'-hydroxypropyl]-3-methyldihydrofuran-2-one 1015071-26-7 C24H32O4Si
    (3S,5R,1'R)-5-[3'-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1'-hydroxypropyl]-3-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (1S,2R,3S,5R,6S,7R,9S,12R)-2-hydroxy-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one —— C15H18O5
    (1S,2R,3S,5R,6S,7R,9S,12R)-2-hydroxy-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one
    —— 131228-37-0 C18H34O2Sn
    —— (3R,4S)-4-hexyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one 1448442-20-3 C10H18O2
    (3R,4S)-4-hexyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— γ-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-ε-caprolactone 1441055-52-2 C14H26O3
    γ-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-ε-caprolactone
    —— 9-Bromo-3-oxo-8-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-2-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-ene-7-carbonitrile 1570044-73-3 C9H6BrF3N2O4S
    9-Bromo-3-oxo-8-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-2-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-ene-7-carbonitrile
    —— 6-methylene-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 1613445-82-1 C6H6O2
    6-methylene-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1214251-87-2 C7H12O4
    (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— α-<3-Phenyl-propyl>-δ-valerolacton 40541-49-9 C14H18O2
    α-<3-Phenyl-propyl>-δ-valerolacton
    —— 3-(7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 1217274-77-5 C15H28O3
    3-(7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(2S,5S,6R)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyloct-7-enyl]-4-ethenyloxolan-2-one 1224633-15-1 C22H40O4Si
    (4S,5R)-5-[(2S,5S,6R)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyloct-7-enyl]-4-ethenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (S)-5-(2-bromopropan-2-yl)-5-phenyloxolan-2-one 1493778-59-8 C13H15BrO2
    (S)-5-(2-bromopropan-2-yl)-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1aS,2S,4aR,4bS,5S)-5-tert-butoxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-oxo-pyrrolidino[1,2-b]isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydrofuran 901120-04-5 C13H21NO5
    (1aS,2S,4aR,4bS,5S)-5-tert-butoxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-oxo-pyrrolidino[1,2-b]isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydrofuran
    —— (1aS,2S,4aR,4bS,5S)-5-tert-butoxy-2-tert-butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl-4-oxo-pyrrolidino[1,2-b]isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydrofuran 901120-05-6 C29H39NO5Si
    (1aS,2S,4aR,4bS,5S)-5-tert-butoxy-2-tert-butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl-4-oxo-pyrrolidino[1,2-b]isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydrofuran
    —— (1aS,2R,4aR,4bS,5S,1'R)-5-tert-butoxy-2-(1',2'-dihydroxyethyl)-4-oxo-pyrrolidino[1,2-b]isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydrofuran 901120-02-3 C14H23NO6
    (1aS,2R,4aR,4bS,5S,1'R)-5-tert-butoxy-2-(1',2'-dihydroxyethyl)-4-oxo-pyrrolidino[1,2-b]isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydrofuran
    —— (1aS,2R,4aR,4bS,5S)-5-tert-butoxy-2-formyl-4-oxo-pyrrolidino[1,2-b]isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydrofuran 901120-03-4 C13H19NO5
    (1aS,2R,4aR,4bS,5S)-5-tert-butoxy-2-formyl-4-oxo-pyrrolidino[1,2-b]isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydrofuran
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-one 911213-41-7 C14H28O3Si
    (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[(2R,3R,4R)-2-(furan-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-propan-2-yloxan-4-yl]carbamate 935529-41-2 C17H25NO5
    tert-butyl N-[(2R,3R,4R)-2-(furan-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-propan-2-yloxan-4-yl]carbamate
    —— ethyl trans-(+)-(3R,4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxo-3-tetrahydrofurancarboxylate 1155859-92-9 C14H16O4
    ethyl trans-(+)-(3R,4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxo-3-tetrahydrofurancarboxylate
    —— (4R,5R,6S,9S)-6,9-bis(ethenyl)-4-(1-hydroxybut-3-enyl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one 1384477-81-9 C17H24O3
    (4R,5R,6S,9S)-6,9-bis(ethenyl)-4-(1-hydroxybut-3-enyl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— (rac)-4-benzyl-2-oxaspiro[4.7]dodecane-1,9-dione 1383572-00-6 C18H22O3
    (rac)-4-benzyl-2-oxaspiro[4.7]dodecane-1,9-dione
    —— (3S,4R)-4-[(1R,5S)-4-ethenyl-5-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]-3-methyloxetan-2-one 1402922-15-9 C13H18O2
    (3S,4R)-4-[(1R,5S)-4-ethenyl-5-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,3aR,8aS)-3-methyl-6-phenyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1402922-01-3 C16H18O2
    (3S,3aR,8aS)-3-methyl-6-phenyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (8R,10R)-4-hydroxy-8-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)-10-methyloxecan-2-one 1202366-80-0 C14H26O6
    (8R,10R)-4-hydroxy-8-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)-10-methyloxecan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(1R)-1-azido-5-hydroxypentyl]oxolan-2-one 1170222-80-6 C9H15N3O3
    (5S)-5-[(1R)-1-azido-5-hydroxypentyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— nephrosterinic acid methyl ester 376587-47-2 C18H30O4
    nephrosterinic acid methyl ester
    —— ethyl (2R,3R)-5-oxo-3-phenyloxolane-2-carboxylate 1373610-43-5 C13H14O4
    ethyl (2R,3R)-5-oxo-3-phenyloxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— 197845-66-2 C10H13LiO2
    —— tert-butyl (3R)-3-methyl-2-oxooxane-3-carboxylate 1566606-50-5 C11H18O4
    tert-butyl (3R)-3-methyl-2-oxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R,4R)-3-hexyl-4-((S)-2-(methoxymethoxy)tridecyl)oxetan-2-one 1620408-93-6 C24H46O4
    (3R,4R)-3-hexyl-4-((S)-2-(methoxymethoxy)tridecyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (6S)-6-[(Z,3R)-3-(methoxymethoxy)tridec-4-enyl]oxan-2-one 1609929-82-9 C20H36O4
    (6S)-6-[(Z,3R)-3-(methoxymethoxy)tridec-4-enyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (6S)-6-[(3R)-3-(methoxymethoxy)tridec-4-ynyl]oxan-2-one 1609929-81-8 C20H34O4
    (6S)-6-[(3R)-3-(methoxymethoxy)tridec-4-ynyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-methyl-4-iso-butyloxetan-2-one 1057557-78-4 C8H14O2
    (3R,4R)-3-methyl-4-iso-butyloxetan-2-one
    —— 3',4'-dihydro-2'H-[2,3']bifuranyl-5'-one 1072925-57-5 C8H8O3
    3',4'-dihydro-2'H-[2,3']bifuranyl-5'-one
    —— 6-Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one, 4-hydroxy-5,8,8-trimethyl- 1706430-10-5 C10H16O3
    6-Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one, 4-hydroxy-5,8,8-trimethyl-
    —— 7,7,9-Trimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one 1313212-38-2 C12H20O2
    7,7,9-Trimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (5'S,8S,9S,10R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(11),4(12)-diene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H18O5
    (5'S,8S,9S,10R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(11),4(12)-diene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione