内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4,6-Dimethyl-11-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.2.0<sup>1,5</sup>]undec-8-en-10-one | 85585-46-2 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | α-allyl-γ-butyrolactone-γ-methanesulfonic acid ammonium salt | 100690-13-9 | C8H12O5S*H3N |
| —— | 65846-10-8 | C14H16O4S | |
| —— | <3aR-(3aα,4α,5β,6aα)>-5-<(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyloxy>-4-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyloxy>methyl>-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-1-on | 90900-54-2 | C20H40O4Si2 |
| —— | 4,6-Dimethyl-7-oxo-8-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>-octan-2-exo-carbonsaeure | 90926-98-0 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | γ-Valerolacton-α-carbonsaeureamid | 26364-98-7 | C6H9NO3 |
| —— | 2,5,6-trideoxy-3-O-methoxymethyl-D-threo-hex-5-enono-1,4-lactone | 98120-41-3 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-(-)-5-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 159812-79-0 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 80408-86-2 | C10H16O3 | |
| —— | 3-methyl-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-1-one | 74322-88-6 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (S)-6-dodecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1233343-06-0 | C17H32O2 |
| —— | (Z)-α-(Bromomethylene)-β-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone | 129178-02-5 | C7H7BrO2 |
| —— | (3aS,5aR,9aS)-1-Oxo-octahydro-indeno[1,7a-c]furan-5a-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 110811-11-5 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | 7-(Aminomethyl)-6-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-5-one hydrochloride | 1803602-25-6 | C8H14ClNO2 |
| —— | (5S,6S,8R,9R)-6-Hydroxymethyl-3,4,8-trimethoxy-9-methyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one | 70728-55-1 | C14H22O6 |
| —— | 6-Phenyl-dihydro-pyran-2,5-dione | 474262-89-0 | C11H10O3 |
| —— | 10-phenyl-4-oxatricyclo<4.3.2.0<sup>3,10</sup>>undec-5-one | 134834-51-8 | C16H18O2 |
| —— | (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-[4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pentyl]oxolan-2-one | 261357-41-9 | C15H28O4 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-3-vinylhexanic acid lactone | 115275-36-0 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (E)-α-(Bromomethylene)-β-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone | 134078-83-4 | C7H7BrO2 |
| —— | rel-(3aR,4S,5S,6S,7aS)-6-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)-5,6-epoxy-4-hydroxybenzo<b>furan-2(3H)-one | 84011-63-2 | C15H26O5Si |
| —— | 5-((2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 105273-58-3 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (1R,4S,5S)-4-chloro-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-6-en-3-one | 162425-54-9 | C7H7ClO2 |
| —— | (1S,8R)-7,7-Dimethyl-10-oxa-tricyclo[6.3.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>]tridec-5-en-11-one | 72008-97-0 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | 3-(3-((R)-hydroxy((R)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)furan-2-yl)propyl acetate | 1449291-78-4 | C14H18O6 |
| —— | 72595-30-3 | C23H30O7 | |
| —— | 3β-acetoxy-13-hydroxy-12-oxo-oleanane-23,28-dioic acid-28-lactone | 60762-79-0 | C32H46O7 |
| —— | 6-methyl-2-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-2<i>H</i>,5<i>H</i>-chromene-4a-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 37464-25-8 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | 4-trifluoromethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 1537898-20-6 | C10H13F3O2 |
| —— | tert-butyl (1S)-1-[(2R)-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furanyl]-3-methylbutylcarbamate | 849410-54-4 | C16H29NO5 |
| —— | 5-Ethyl-2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 65461-00-9 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 89639-90-7 | C7H8O4 |
| —— | 3,3,7-trimethyl-2-oxa-spiro[3.5]non-6-en-1-one | 50987-53-6 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (2bR,5aS,5bS)-2a-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-[1-dimethylamino-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hexahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa[cd]indene-2,3-dione | 72682-17-8 | C18H29NO4Si |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-4-carbamoyl-tetrahydrofuranon-(5) | 6900-15-8 | C13H15NO3 |
| —— | (1R,4S,7S,8R,11S)-11-Iodo-6-oxa-tricyclo[5.3.1.04,8]undec-9-en-5-one | 120263-91-4 | C10H11IO2 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5R,8R,9R,11R)-9,11-Dihydroxy-4,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]undecan-2-one | 160714-24-9 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | (1R*,4R*,5R*)-4-chloro-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 20893-19-0 | C7H9ClO2 |
| —— | (4aR,6aR,7aR,8R,11aR,11bS,11cS)-8-(dimethoxymethyl)-4,11c-dimethyl-3-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)-4a,5,6,6a,7,7a,11a,11c-octahydro-8H-8,11b-ethanobenzo[6,7]indeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxin-10-one | 263155-34-6 | C25H38O6Si |
| —— | 5-hydroxymethyl-6-oxo-3,5-diphenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid | 111064-50-7 | C19H18O5 |
| —— | (5S)-3-hydroxy-3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one | 215723-52-7 | C6H10O5 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3-pentyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1613041-37-4 | C16H32O3Si |
| —— | 2-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 220714-48-7 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | picrasa-3,12-dien-16-one | 141257-31-0 | C20H28O2 |
| —— | Formic acid (R)-2-formyl-4-[(Z)-octadec-9-en-(Z)-ylidene]-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl ester | 220492-87-5 | C25H40O5 |
| —— | 66149-47-1 | C13H18O2 | |
| —— | 128144-98-9 | C19H24Cl2O7 | |
| —— | 6,12-Diphenyl-2,9-dioxa-dispiro[4.1.4.1]dodecane-1,8-dione | 82079-46-7 | C22H20O4 |
| —— | 4,5,4',5'-tetrahydro-[3,3']biisoxazolyl-4<i>r</i>,5<i>c</i>,4'<i>r</i>',5'<i>c</i>'-tetracarboxylic acid 4,5;4',5'-dianhydride | 4328-83-0 | C10H4N2O8 |
| —— | (3S,3aR,4R,6R,7aS)-4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-2-oxo-3-phenylselanyl-octahydro-benzofuran-6-carboxylic acid | 84607-45-4 | C22H28O5Se |
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