内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | potassium (ethylenediamine-N-acetato-N,N',N'-tri-3-propionato)cobaltate(III) trihydrate (trans(O5O6) isomer) | 113085-23-7 | C13H18CoN2O8*3H2O*K |
| —— | 3-<3β-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-5β,17β-dihydroxy-15β,16β-methyleneandrosta-6,11-dien-17α-yl>propionic acid γ-lactone | 109050-89-7 | C29H44O4Si |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-[(E)-(R)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-iodo-but-2-enyl]-4-methoxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 380909-39-7 | C16H29IO4Si |
| —— | (+)-trans-α,β-Diaethyl-butyrolacton | 10172-06-2 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 4'-epichaetomugilin A | 1227058-33-4 | C23H27ClO7 |
| —— | 4-ethyl-5-oxo-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid | 100798-07-0 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | Isopederolacton | 4283-37-8 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (1S,5S,6R)-6-Methoxy-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carbonitrile | 68821-08-9 | C9H11NO3 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-butyl)-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 65668-74-8 | C13H24O3 |
| —— | (4S,5R,6R)-4-allyl-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1439376-69-8 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 2-n-Decyl-γ-valerolacton | 40923-66-8 | C15H28O2 |
| —— | [2,4-Dioxo-1-oxa-spiro[5.5]undec-(3E)-ylidenemethyl]-urea | 77959-86-5 | C12H16N2O4 |
| —— | 3-Chloromethyl-4,5-dipropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 97191-06-5 | C11H19ClO2 |
| —— | 7-bromo-2,7-dideoxy-D-gluco-heptono-1,4-lactone | 116386-13-1 | C7H11BrO5 |
| —— | ((2S,3S)-3-benzyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl methanesulfonate | 1423027-33-1 | C13H16O5S |
| —— | 4-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3-heptanoyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1360589-12-3 | C18H34O4Si |
| —— | 5-[4-(3-carboxyl-5-isoxazolyl)butyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1082070-95-8 | C12H15NO5 |
| —— | (1S,2S,6R,7R)-5,5-di(propan-2-yl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one | 84566-06-3 | C15H22O2 |
| —— | (+)-(R)-4-hexyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 123976-04-5 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 1β-hydroxy-5α-(2-propyl)-2,3,3aα,4,5,7aα-hexahydro-1H-indene-4β-carboxylic acid δ-lactone | 67496-20-2 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-Methyl-4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 126544-31-8 | C15H30O3Si |
| —— | (4R, 6R, 7S)-4,7-dihydroxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-4,6-carbolactone | 1233335-21-1 | C9H8O4S |
| —— | (1α,2α,3α,6β)-6-Brom-9-oxo-8-oxatricyclo<5.2.2.0<sup>1.3</sup>>undecan-2-carbonitril | 108869-93-8 | C11H12BrNO2 |
| —— | 8α-(methacryloyloxy)vernomargolide 1,4-semiacetal | 114636-04-3 | C19H24O8 |
| —— | 2,3,6-trideoxy-6-fluoro-D-galactono-1,4-lactone | 1143563-70-5 | C6H9FO3 |
| —— | rac-(4aR,7aR)-2a1,4-dimethyloctahydro-1,4,3-(epiethane[1,1,2]triyl)cyclobuta[7,1]indeno[4,5-c]furan-2,5,7,9(1H)-tetraone | 109277-75-0 | C16H14O5 |
| —— | 2,2-dinitro-1,3-propylene oxalate | 1360537-19-4 | C5H4N2O8 |
| —— | 6-(Acetoxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one | 123594-44-5 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | 1-(2,2-Dichloro-vinyl)-hexahydro-4-oxa-cyclopropa[a]pentalen-3-one | 64109-45-1 | C10H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | (1S,4S,4'R,5R)-4'-(1-hydroxybut-3-enyl)spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-5,3'-oxolane]-2'-one | 1384477-66-0 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | (1S,2S,4R,7R,10R,11R,12S)-7,10-Dihydroxy-4,12-dimethyl-8-methylene-3,14-dioxa-tricyclo[9.3.0.0<sup>2,4</sup>]tetradecan-13-one | 63511-99-9 | C15H22O5 |
| —— | (3aS,8aR)-3,3-Dipropyl-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 132835-50-8 | C15H26O2 |
| —— | 64096-67-9 | C10H9IO2 | |
| —— | trans-5-allyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 121756-26-1 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (1R,5R,10S,15S)-2,6,11,16-Tetraoxa-tricyclo[13.4.0.05,10]nonadecane-3,12-dione | 125901-91-9 | C15H22O6 |
| —— | 4-ethyl-7-methoxytricyclo<3.3.0<sup>1,5</sup>.0<sup>4,6</sup>>oxaoctan-3-one | 108417-84-1 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (3aα,6β,7α)-(+/-)-3,3a,6,7-tetrahydro-6-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-cyclohepta<c>furan-1-one | 118575-63-6 | C16H16O2 |
| —— | (1R,4aS,4bR,8aS,9R,10aR)-9-Hydroxy-1-isopropyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl-1,4,4a,4b,7,8,8a,9,10,10a-decahydro-2-oxa-phenanthren-3-one | 119205-07-1 | C19H30O3 |
| —— | (-)-(4R,6S,9aS)-6-(acetoxymethyl)-4-phenyl-9a-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-1(9aH)-one | 1379671-69-8 | C18H18F3NO4 |
| —— | -2,2-Dimethylbutanoic acid, 3-(cyclopentylsulfinyl)decahydro-7-methyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl]ethyl]-1-naphthalenyl ester | 141135-06-0 | C29H48O6S |
| —— | (1S,5R,6S)-6-Benzyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 141041-92-1 | C12H12O2 |
| —— | spiro<3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-6,1'-cyclopropan>-2-one | 93091-37-3 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | rel-(1R,14R)-(2E,6E,10E)-16-oxo-3,7,11-trimethyl-17-oxabicyclo<12.3.0>heptadeca-2,6,10-triene | 91851-86-4 | C19H28O2 |
| —— | (1R,2S,4R,5S,6R)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-7-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-8-one | 130450-49-6 | C8H12O5 |
| —— | 4-(3-chloro-phenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-oxetan-2-one | 71155-80-1 | C11H11ClO2 |
| —— | 1187530-95-5 | C6H7NO4 | |
| —— | 134870-02-3 | C11H12O4 | |
| —— | D-glucuronic acid-3-lactone semicarbazone | 27951-71-9 | C7H11N3O6 |
| —— | (4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetic acid | 859999-22-7 | C7H10O5 |
| —— | (1S,3R,4R,5R)-1,4-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-hydroxycyclohexane-1,5-carbolactone | 862791-10-4 | C19H38O5Si2 |
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