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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1R,2R,3R,7S)-1-methyl-2-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethoxy)-4-oxatricyclo[8.3.1.03,7]tetradec-10-en-5-one 162609-84-9 C20H34O4Si
    (1R,2R,3R,7S)-1-methyl-2-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethoxy)-4-oxatricyclo[8.3.1.03,7]tetradec-10-en-5-one
    —— (2S,3R,5S)-5-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-2-<(methylthio)methoxy>hexanedioic anhydride 159980-21-9 C12H20O4S
    (2S,3R,5S)-5-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-2-<(methylthio)methoxy>hexanedioic anhydride
    —— (4R,5R)-5-methoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-5-hexanolide 160024-61-3 C9H14O4
    (4R,5R)-5-methoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-5-hexanolide
    —— (4R,5S)-2-<(E)-ethylidene>-5-methoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-5-hexanolide 160024-62-4 C11H16O4
    (4R,5S)-2-<(E)-ethylidene>-5-methoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-5-hexanolide
    —— (2S,4R,5S)-2-ethyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-5-hexanolide 160024-63-5 C11H18O4
    (2S,4R,5S)-2-ethyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-5-hexanolide
    —— 5-(iodomethyl)-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 65371-40-6 C6H9IO2
    5-(iodomethyl)-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-2-pyranone 164576-43-6 C7H10O3
    (4R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-2-pyranone
    —— (1S,5R,6S,4'S)-6-[N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 147714-98-5 C15H23NO5
    (1S,5R,6S,4'S)-6-[N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— α-phenyl-γ-butyrolactonecarboxylic acid 19340-59-1 C11H10O4
    α-phenyl-γ-butyrolactonecarboxylic acid
    —— (1S,4R,7R,10S)-2-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>4,10</sup>]decan-3-one 165307-33-5 C9H12O2
    (1S,4R,7R,10S)-2-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>4,10</sup>]decan-3-one
    —— 4,5-dihydro-5-iodomethyl-4-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone 87761-90-8 C11H11IO2
    4,5-dihydro-5-iodomethyl-4-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6-Methyl-3-octanoyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione 255852-61-0 C14H22O4
    6-Methyl-3-octanoyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— 5-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dichloroethyl)dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone 121625-21-6 C8H12Cl2O3
    5-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dichloroethyl)dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-5-bromo-6-methoxy-tetrahydro-alpha-pyrone 103999-64-0 C8H13BrO3
    4,4-dimethyl-5-bromo-6-methoxy-tetrahydro-alpha-pyrone
    —— 3,3-Dichlor-4-trichlormethyl-2-oxetanon 6737-17-3 C4HCl5O2
    3,3-Dichlor-4-trichlormethyl-2-oxetanon
    —— (+/-)-7-Octanolide 126372-23-4 C8H14O2
    (+/-)-7-Octanolide
    —— (4S,5R)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-5-tridecyloxolan-2-one 244612-52-0 C20H36O4
    (4S,5R)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-5-tridecyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]tetrahydro-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 918422-60-3 C14H20O2Si
    5-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]tetrahydro-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 918422-59-0 C13H18O2Si
    5-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— β-Acetyl-γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolacton 53000-09-2 C12H12O3
    β-Acetyl-γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolacton
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-6(Z)-(bromomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone 136358-15-1 C8H11BrO2
    4,4-dimethyl-6(Z)-(bromomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone
    —— β-L-Glucosaccharino-1,4-lacton 36791-96-5 C6H10O5
    β-L-Glucosaccharino-1,4-lacton
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-6-methylidene-tetrahydro-2-pyranone 92912-01-1 C8H12O2
    4,4-Dimethyl-6-methylidene-tetrahydro-2-pyranone
    —— β-D-Glucosaccharino-1,4-lacton 7306-56-1 C6H10O5
    β-D-Glucosaccharino-1,4-lacton
    —— 2-C-methyl-DL-ribono-1,4-lactone 492-30-8 C6H10O5
    2-C-methyl-DL-ribono-1,4-lactone
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-3-methyl-3,4-bis(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)-5-(3-methylbut-2-enoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 1272971-26-2 C21H34O5
    (3R,4R,5R)-3-methyl-3,4-bis(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)-5-(3-methylbut-2-enoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-C-methyl-DL-arabinono-1,4-lactone 492-30-8 C6H10O5
    2-C-methyl-DL-arabinono-1,4-lactone
    —— (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(triphenylsilyloxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1395618-83-3 C26H26O4Si
    (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(triphenylsilyloxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— isobutyl methyl(2-oxo-oxetan-4-ylmethyl)phosphinate 80986-84-1 C9H17O4P
    isobutyl methyl(2-oxo-oxetan-4-ylmethyl)phosphinate
    —— [(8Z)-5,9,13-trimethyl-18-methylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadec-8-en-14-yl] acetate 37299-08-4 C22H32O5
    [(8Z)-5,9,13-trimethyl-18-methylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadec-8-en-14-yl] acetate
    —— (Z)-3-azidomethylenedihydro-(3H)-furan-2-one 95457-85-5 C5H5N3O2
    (Z)-3-azidomethylenedihydro-(3H)-furan-2-one
    —— 3,3-dimethyl-4-pentylbutyrolactone 33673-63-1 C11H20O2
    3,3-dimethyl-4-pentylbutyrolactone
    —— (2SR,3RS)-4-methylene-5-oxo-2-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester —— C12H18O4
    (2SR,3RS)-4-methylene-5-oxo-2-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 2-Cyclohexyl-propiolacton-(1,3) 103797-56-4 C9H14O2
    2-Cyclohexyl-propiolacton-(1,3)
    —— 3,3-Dichlor-4-ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxetanon 34624-15-2 C6H8Cl2O2
    3,3-Dichlor-4-ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxetanon
    —— 4-Heptadecylidene-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one 67845-94-7 C34H64O2
    4-Heptadecylidene-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one
    —— 2H-Pyran-2-one, 5-(1-buten-1-yl)-5-ethyltetrahydro- 67624-45-7 C11H18O2
    2H-Pyran-2-one, 5-(1-buten-1-yl)-5-ethyltetrahydro-
    —— (6S)-6-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxan-2-one 879203-30-2 C7H12O4
    (6S)-6-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 3,4-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-γ-butyrolactone 1494623-30-1 C14H16O4
    3,4-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3E)-3-[2-[(1R,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one 115753-79-2 C20H30O3
    (3E)-3-[2-[(1R,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-Hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate;1-isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane;oxepan-2-one 52404-33-8 C26H40N2O7
    2-Hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate;1-isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane;oxepan-2-one
    —— (+)-8-nonen-5(S)-olide 112607-31-5 C9H14O2
    (+)-8-nonen-5(S)-olide
    —— feigrisolide B 768370-64-5 C11H20O4
    feigrisolide B
    —— (6S)-6-[(1R,2R)-2-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclopropyl]oxan-2-one 172374-29-7 C11H16O2
    (6S)-6-[(1R,2R)-2-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclopropyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (S)-5-(methoxymethyl)butyrolactone 96845-45-3 C6H10O3
    (S)-5-(methoxymethyl)butyrolactone
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-[1-methoxy-oct-(E)-ylidene]-6-pentyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 116786-46-0 C19H34O4
    4-Hydroxy-3-[1-methoxy-oct-(E)-ylidene]-6-pentyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-enyl]oxan-2-one 172374-28-6 C11H18O3
    (6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-enyl]oxan-2-one
    —— <1α(S),2β(2E,6Z)>-tetrahydro-6-<2-(1-oxo-2,6-dodecadienyl)cyclopropyl>-2H-pyran-2-one 165038-18-6 C20H30O3
    <1α(S),2β(2E,6Z)>-tetrahydro-6-<2-(1-oxo-2,6-dodecadienyl)cyclopropyl>-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (6S)-6-[(1R,2R)-2-acetylcyclopropyl]oxan-2-one 172374-30-0 C10H14O3
    (6S)-6-[(1R,2R)-2-acetylcyclopropyl]oxan-2-one
    —— lachnelluloic acid methyl ester 116752-24-0 C19H32O4
    lachnelluloic acid methyl ester