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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl (2S,5R)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate —— C9H14O4
    methyl (2S,5R)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(methoxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (3R,5R)-5-(methoxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-propyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-propyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    (3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— N-ethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    N-ethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— ethyl (3R)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C8H12O4
    ethyl (3R)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R)-3-chloro-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C6H9ClO2
    (3R)-3-chloro-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl (3S,5S)-5-(chloromethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C8H11ClO4
    ethyl (3S,5S)-5-(chloromethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (6S)-5,5-dimethyl-6-(nitromethyl)oxan-2-one —— C8H13NO4
    (6S)-5,5-dimethyl-6-(nitromethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— ethyl (3R,5R)-5-(chloromethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C8H11ClO4
    ethyl (3R,5R)-5-(chloromethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2R,3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O8
    (3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2R,3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2S,3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O8
    (3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2S,3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (2S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde —— C6H8O6
    (2S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde
    —— (2R)-2-methyl-3-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide —— C12H16N4O3S2
    (2R)-2-methyl-3-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide
    —— (2R)-2-methyl-3-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide —— C12H16N4O3S2
    (2R)-2-methyl-3-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide
    —— (2R)-3-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide —— C13H18N4O3S2
    (2R)-3-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide
    —— (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (2R)-3-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide —— C13H18N4O3S2
    (2R)-3-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide
    —— (2R)-2-methyl-3-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide —— C12H16N4O3S2
    (2R)-2-methyl-3-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide
    —— (2S)-3-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide —— C13H18N4O3S2
    (2S)-3-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide
    —— (2R)-2-methyl-3-[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide —— C12H16N4O3S2
    (2R)-2-methyl-3-[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide
    —— 3-{[1-(Tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furyl)ethylidene]amino}-4-cyanopyrazole 1187560-14-0 C10H10N4O2
    3-{[1-(Tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furyl)ethylidene]amino}-4-cyanopyrazole
    —— (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (2S,3S)-2-phenyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-7-one —— C11H10O3
    (2S,3S)-2-phenyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-7-one
    —— [(1S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H34O5
    [(1S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H34O5
    [(1S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— [1-(3,8-Dimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl)ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H17N3O4S
    [1-(3,8-Dimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl)ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (4-Hexyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl carbamimidothioate (non-preferred name) —— C12H22N2O2S
    (4-Hexyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl carbamimidothioate (non-preferred name)
    —— 3-[(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)ethanimidoyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C10H13N3O2
    3-[(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)ethanimidoyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3R,8aS)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C8H11O6P
    (3R,8aS)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione —— C10H13Cl3O3
    3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— methyl 3-(furan-3-yl)-4a,10-dimethyl-1-oxo-4,5,10,11,12,12a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[c]pyran-9-carboxylate —— C21H26O5
    methyl 3-(furan-3-yl)-4a,10-dimethyl-1-oxo-4,5,10,11,12,12a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[c]pyran-9-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H14O5
    ethyl (3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H14O5
    ethyl (3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H14O5
    ethyl (3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H14O5
    ethyl (3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (5S)-5-bromooxolan-2-one —— C4H5BrO2
    (5S)-5-bromooxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C11H10O2
    (4S)-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C11H10O2
    (4R)-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5-Oxo-4-propyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl carbamimidothioate (non-preferred name) —— C9H16N2O2S
    (5-Oxo-4-propyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl carbamimidothioate (non-preferred name)
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C18H22O3
    4,4-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— N'-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-carbohydrazide —— C15H18N2O4
    N'-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-carbohydrazide
    —— [4-(5-Methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [4-(5-Methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 3-Bromo-4-(dibromomethyl)-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C5H5Br3O3
    3-Bromo-4-(dibromomethyl)-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (5-Oxooxolan-3-yl)-[(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]phosphinic acid —— C9H14NO5P
    (5-Oxooxolan-3-yl)-[(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]phosphinic acid
    —— [(2-Oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl](5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)phosphinate —— C9H13NO5P-
    [(2-Oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl](5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)phosphinate
    —— (4R)-4,5,5-trimethyl-4-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (4R)-4,5,5-trimethyl-4-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[(1R)-2-cyclohexyl-1-[(2S,4S)-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethyl]carbamate —— C20H35NO5
    tert-butyl N-[(1R)-2-cyclohexyl-1-[(2S,4S)-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethyl]carbamate