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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3a,4,5,10,11-hexahydro-10-hydroxybenzo<5,6>cyclo-octa<1,2-c>furan-1(3H)-one 128040-16-4 C14H16O3
    3a,4,5,10,11-hexahydro-10-hydroxybenzo<5,6>cyclo-octa<1,2-c>furan-1(3H)-one
    —— (4R)-4-[(2R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]oxolan-2-one 378243-88-0 C9H16O3
    (4R)-4-[(2R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-2-Methyl-4-hydroxy-heptadecan-1-4-olid 144032-12-2 C18H34O2
    (+/-)-2-Methyl-4-hydroxy-heptadecan-1-4-olid
    —— (2R,4R)-4-Methoxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carbaldehyde 799852-81-6 C7H10O4
    (2R,4R)-4-Methoxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 3-(1-phenylbutyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 143994-32-5 C14H18O2
    3-(1-phenylbutyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-phenylbutyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 143994-28-9 C15H20O3
    4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-phenylbutyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-(methylsulfanyl)-3-(1-phenylbutyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 143994-42-7 C15H20O2S
    3-(methylsulfanyl)-3-(1-phenylbutyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4aR,7aS)-7a-methyl-7-methylidene-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one 104758-33-0 C10H14O2
    (4aR,7aS)-7a-methyl-7-methylidene-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one
    —— methyl (+)-(R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylate 6934-77-6 C8H12O4
    methyl (+)-(R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylate
    —— 3-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 75306-16-0 C8H14O2
    3-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-[(2,5-dihydro-3-methyl-2-oxo-5-furanyl)oxo]methylene-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 118016-86-7 C13H12O5
    3-[(2,5-dihydro-3-methyl-2-oxo-5-furanyl)oxo]methylene-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— N-decyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide 1345964-02-4 C15H27NO3
    N-decyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide
    —— α-Oximino-butyrolacton 5400-68-0 C4H5NO3
    α-Oximino-butyrolacton
    —— 3-(1-n-pentyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1393720-69-8 C10H16N4O2
    3-(1-n-pentyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-(1-n-butyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1393720-68-7 C9H14N4O2
    3-(1-n-butyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— N-octyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide 1345964-01-3 C13H23NO3
    N-octyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide
    —— N-hexyl-N-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide 1345964-04-6 C12H21NO3
    N-hexyl-N-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide
    —— (4aS,8aS,9aR,10aR)-8a-Methyl-decahydro-1,8,10-trioxa-anthracen-2-one 439264-81-0 C12H18O4
    (4aS,8aS,9aR,10aR)-8a-Methyl-decahydro-1,8,10-trioxa-anthracen-2-one
    —— dihydrofuran-2,3-dione 4374-64-5 C4H4O3
    dihydrofuran-2,3-dione
    —— methyl (3'aS-(3'aα,3'bβ,6'aβ,7'aα))-hexahydro-1'-oxospiro[cyclopropane-1,5'-(1'H)-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan]-3'b(4'H)-carboxylate 203188-70-9 C14H18O4
    methyl (3'aS-(3'aα,3'bβ,6'aβ,7'aα))-hexahydro-1'-oxospiro[cyclopropane-1,5'-(1'H)-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan]-3'b(4'H)-carboxylate
    —— methyl (3aS,3bR,6aR,7aS)-5-methylidene-1-oxo-3a,4,6,6a,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan-3b-carboxylate 203188-69-6 C13H16O4
    methyl (3aS,3bR,6aR,7aS)-5-methylidene-1-oxo-3a,4,6,6a,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan-3b-carboxylate
    —— methyl (3aS,6aS)-3-oxo-1,3a,4,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylate 203200-50-4 C9H10O4
    methyl (3aS,6aS)-3-oxo-1,3a,4,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylate
    —— 3-(1-hydroxypropylidene)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione 70450-75-8 C7H8O4
    3-(1-hydroxypropylidene)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione
    —— methyl (3aS,3bR,6aR,7aS)-1,5-dioxo-3a,4,6,6a,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan-3b-carboxylate 203188-65-2 C12H14O5
    methyl (3aS,3bR,6aR,7aS)-1,5-dioxo-3a,4,6,6a,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan-3b-carboxylate
    —— 2-Oxetanone, 3-methyl-3-propyl- 16230-68-5 C7H12O2
    2-Oxetanone, 3-methyl-3-propyl-
    —— (3a<i>R</i>)-3a,4<i>t</i>-dimethyl-1-oxo-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]furan-4<i>c</i>-carboxylic acid 31147-45-2 C10H14O4
    (3a<i>R</i>)-3a,4<i>t</i>-dimethyl-1-oxo-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]furan-4<i>c</i>-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S)-3-chloro-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one 1380424-81-6 C6H9ClO2
    (3S)-3-chloro-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-3-<methyl-2H3>pentane-1,5-dioic anhydride 115135-38-1 C6H8O4
    3-hydroxy-3-<methyl-2H3>pentane-1,5-dioic anhydride
    —— (-)-2-epi-invictolide 114298-08-7 C12H22O2
    (-)-2-epi-invictolide
    —— (+/-)-5aβ,8,8,11aβ-tetramethyl-7aαH,11bαH-tetradecahydronaphth<2,1-b>oxepin-4-one 110259-08-0 C18H30O2
    (+/-)-5aβ,8,8,11aβ-tetramethyl-7aαH,11bαH-tetradecahydronaphth<2,1-b>oxepin-4-one
    —— 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-dihydro-furan-2-one 58816-74-3 C4H2F4O2
    3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (<i>S</i>)-2-phenyl-glutaric acid-anhydride 1092706-10-9 C11H10O3
    (<i>S</i>)-2-phenyl-glutaric acid-anhydride
    —— (5S)-5-(acetoxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one 255370-22-0 C8H12O4
    (5S)-5-(acetoxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (E)-2-((2R,3R)-2-Ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester 595583-82-7 C11H16O5
    (E)-2-((2R,3R)-2-Ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester
    —— (3S,5S)-3-((2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 1026857-84-0 C12H18O3
    (3S,5S)-3-((2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (1R,5S)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one 114761-96-5 C6H6O2
    (1R,5S)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one
    —— (2R,4S)-5-(2,4-dimethylheptyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 332035-30-0 C15H28O3
    (2R,4S)-5-(2,4-dimethylheptyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-1,4,4-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 4349-36-4 C10H16O2
    (1S,5R)-1,4,4-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (-)-(3aR,8bS)-8,8-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one 247937-29-7 C13H16O3
    (-)-(3aR,8bS)-8,8-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— (+)-(3aR,8bS)-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one 247937-28-6 C13H18O2
    (+)-(3aR,8bS)-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— D-<i>threo</i>-L-<i>gulo</i>-octonic acid-4-lactone 3257-67-8 C8H14O8
    D-<i>threo</i>-L-<i>gulo</i>-octonic acid-4-lactone
    —— (2S,3R,4S)-2,3-dihydroxy-5-tetradecyn-4-olide 147618-19-7 C14H22O4
    (2S,3R,4S)-2,3-dihydroxy-5-tetradecyn-4-olide
    —— (4R,5S)-4,5-bis[dimethyl-(4-methylphenyl)silyl]oxepane-2,7-dione 159276-68-3 C24H32O3Si2
    (4R,5S)-4,5-bis[dimethyl-(4-methylphenyl)silyl]oxepane-2,7-dione
    —— neonepetalactone 4581-74-2 C10H14O2
    neonepetalactone
    —— (<i>R</i>)-5-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid-lactone 20628-36-8 C8H14O2
    (<i>R</i>)-5-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid-lactone
    —— (3aR,7aS)-2-<(R)-1-phenylethyl>-perhydropyrano<3,4-c>pyrrol-4-one 134234-14-3 C15H19NO2
    (3aR,7aS)-2-<(R)-1-phenylethyl>-perhydropyrano<3,4-c>pyrrol-4-one
    —— (3aS,7aR)-2-<(R)-1-phenylethyl>-perhydropyrano<3,4-c>pyrrol-4-one 133407-39-3 C15H19NO2
    (3aS,7aR)-2-<(R)-1-phenylethyl>-perhydropyrano<3,4-c>pyrrol-4-one
    —— 2-<(R)-1-phenylethyl>-perhydropyrano<3,4-c>pyrrol-4-one 133407-39-3 C15H19NO2
    2-<(R)-1-phenylethyl>-perhydropyrano<3,4-c>pyrrol-4-one
    —— (S)-3-(3-Methoxy-2-nitro-5-oxo-cyclohexyl)-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 133343-13-2 C13H19NO6
    (S)-3-(3-Methoxy-2-nitro-5-oxo-cyclohexyl)-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-hydroxy-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one 78920-22-6 C10H10O3
    5-hydroxy-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one