内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-trifluoromethyl-5-pentanolide | 110847-12-6 | C6H7F3O2 |
| —— | (1RS,4SR,5RS,8SR)-2-benzyl-8-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-3,7-dioxa-2-azabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-6-one | 105623-45-8 | C14H17NO4 |
| —— | (3E)-3-[(E)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-enylidene]oxan-2-one | 78804-86-1 | C10H15NO2 |
| —— | (3aR,3bR,5aS,7S,9aS,9bS,11aS)-7-Methoxymethoxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1-one | 210641-58-0 | C20H32O4 |
| —— | (3S,6S)-3-(2-Furyl)-3,6-dihydro-3,6-diisopropyl-5-methoxy-1,4-oxazin-2-on | 91103-21-8 | C15H21NO4 |
| —— | (R)-(-)-5-Aminomethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran hydrochloride | 102774-97-0 | C5H9NO2*ClH |
| —— | (R)-(-)-γ-azidomethyl-[2(R)-methyl]-γ-butyrolactone | 147093-46-7 | C6H9N3O2 |
| —— | 1609642-92-3 | C38H64O4 | |
| —— | 5-Iodo-1-oxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-2-one | 73641-00-6 | C8H11IO2 |
| —— | 2-bromo-2-deoxy-D-xylono-1,4-lactone | 78138-85-9 | C5H7BrO4 |
| —— | 5-(1-Iodo-hexyl)-3-methyl-3-phenylselanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 107692-20-6 | C17H23IO2Se |
| —— | tert-butyl N-[(4S,4aR,8aS)-6-methylidene-1-oxo-4,4a,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3H-isochromen-4-yl]carbamate | 173143-24-3 | C15H23NO4 |
| —— | (1S-endo)-6-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.1>non-7-en-3-one | 116996-28-2 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-[(R)-3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 102717-45-3 | C23H30O5Si |
| —— | (4aS,5R,6aS,9aS)-8-Methyl-7-methylene-2-oxo-1,2,4,4a,5,6,6a,7-octahydro-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 68695-28-3 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | 6-{2-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-Dihydroxy-2-((E)-(S)-3-hydroxy-oct-1-enyl)-cyclopentyl]-1-hydroxy-ethyl}-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 87692-42-0 | C20H34O6 |
| —— | 2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-N,N-diethylacetamide | 90382-38-0 | C12H21NO3 |
| —— | potassium 4-(trifluoroborato)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1326317-69-4 | C4H5BF3O2*K |
| —— | cis-anti-cis-5,5,10,10-tetramethyl-4,9-dioxatricyclo(5.3.0.0<sup>2,6</sup>)decane-3,8-dione | 87325-06-2 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | 2R,4S,5S-6-Cyclohexyl-5-amino-2-(2'-chloro-2'-propenyl)-gamma-hexanolactone hydrochloride | 120887-52-7 | C15H24ClNO2*ClH |
| —— | 2-vinyl-4-t-butyl-γ-butyrolactone | 113495-35-5 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (R)-(-)-γ-hydroxymethyl-[2(R)-methyl]-γ-butyrolactone | 147200-11-1 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 130942-72-2 | C4H6GeO3 | |
| —— | 97181-67-4 | C9H14O2 | |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-pentyl-oxetan-2-one | 126486-04-2 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6,-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 132395-22-3 | C31H54O5Si |
| —— | 3-(1,3-heptadienyl)-4-pentanolide | 136810-25-8 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 4,5-Dimethyl-3-[1-propylamino-eth-(E)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 30408-49-2 | C11H19NO2 |
| —— | 3'-cyclohexyl-spiro[cyclopropane-1,6'-pyrazolo[5,1-<i>b</i>][1,3]oxazine]-2',5',7'-trione | 56945-82-5 | C14H16N2O4 |
| —— | (1R,2S,3S,6S,7S)-2-Iodo-7-methoxy-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonan-5-one | 77079-10-8 | C9H11IO3 |
| —— | (Z)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-3-(4-oxopentylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1256752-81-4 | C17H22O3Si |
| —— | (S)-(+)-5-Aminomethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran hydrochloride | 102774-96-9 | C5H9NO2*ClH |
| —— | (Z)-5-(2-bromo-3-chloro-4,4-dimethylpent-2-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1638667-45-4 | C11H16BrClO2 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-(iodomethyl)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one | 131175-66-1 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | (3aS,4R,5R,6aS)-4,5-Dibromo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 72974-52-8 | C7H8Br2O2 |
| —— | O,O-diethyl S-(5-heptyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl) thiophosphate | 885118-53-6 | C15H29O5PS |
| —— | rac-(1R,3R,4R,5R)-4-iodo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one-3-d | 115093-63-5 | C7H9IO2 |
| —— | 3,3'-dihydroxy-2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bis-trichloromethyl-2,2'-methanediyl-bis-[1,3]oxazinan-6-one | 25393-65-1 | C13H16Cl6N2O6 |
| —— | (Z,3S,4R,9R,10R)-3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-4,9-bis(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-10-pentyloxecin-2-one | 1585969-11-4 | C19H34O6 |
| —— | (1R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 159950-59-1 | C6H8O3 |
| —— | 6-methoxy-3aα,4,5,6α,6aα,7,8,9bβ-octahydroazuleno<4,5-b>furan-2-(3H),9(9aαH)-dione | 93111-92-3 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | 3,5-dideoxy-3,5-di-C-methyl-L-talopyranurono-6,2-lactone ethylene dithioacetal | 113660-95-0 | C10H16O3S2 |
| —— | (2S,3R)-2-Methyl-2-(2-methyl-allyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide | 110794-70-2 | C14H23NO3 |
| —— | (3S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-6-nonyloxan-2-one | 82042-34-0 | C22H44O3Si |
| —— | 1-Chlor-c-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-t-2-methyl-t-3-phenyl-r-1-cyclopropancarbonsaeure-lacton | 83126-07-2 | C13H13ClO2 |
| —— | (E)-2-(dihydro-5-oxo-4-phenylfuran-2(3H)-ylidene)-2-phenylacetic acid | 1428131-26-3 | C18H14O4 |
| —— | (Z)-5-(2-bromo-3-chloro-3-phenylallyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1638667-31-8 | C13H12BrClO2 |
| —— | (4aS,7aS)-7a-Methyl-7-methylene-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one | 91888-88-9 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (1R,4S,7R)-7-Phenyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one | 125159-53-7 | C12H12O2 |
| —— | (1R,6S)-8-Oxa-tricyclo[4.3.3.01,6]dodeca-2,4-diene-7,9-dione | 4369-92-0 | C11H10O3 |
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