内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (2R,2'S)-tetrahydro-[2,2']-bifuranyl-5,5'-dione | 54933-62-9 | C8H10O4 |
|
| —— | (1S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-O-isopropylidene-1,5-quinic lactone | 32384-42-2 | C10H14O5 |
|
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino-2-cyclohexylethyl]-3-isopropyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 124032-36-6 | C20H35NO4 |
|
| —— | 3,3,8-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione | 90237-09-5 | C10H14O4 |
|
| —— | acide (methyl-2 propyl)-2 γ-valerolactone-2 carboxylique | 90237-08-4 | C10H16O4 |
|
| —— | (methyl-2 propyl)-2 γ-valerolactone | 72845-84-2 | C9H16O2 |
|
| —— | cineolic anhydride | 4703-74-6 | C10H14O4 |
|
| —— | [(1S,4R,5S)-1-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-5-yl] formate | 107149-12-2 | C9H12O4 |
|
| —— | 5(RS)-hydroxy-2(SR)-methyl-4-oxa-endo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-one | —— | C10H12O3 |
|
| —— | (4S)-4,6,6-trimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 134178-37-3 | C8H14O2 |
|
| —— | 3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-5-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 862174-61-6 | C11H16O4 |
|
| —— | (R<sup>*</sup>,S<sup>*</sup>)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octanolide | —— | C10H18O2 |
|
| —— | (1R,4R,5S)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-5-carboxylic acid | 1445593-36-1 | C7H8O4 |
|
| —— | (1S,4R,5S)-tert-butyl 3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-5-carboxylate | 1445590-36-2 | C11H16O4 |
|
| —— | 3α,7α-dimethoxy-13-oxa-C-homo-cholan-12-one | 1351984-87-6 | C27H44O6 |
|
| —— | 4-bromomethyl-3,3-dimethyl-oxetan-2-one | 33282-40-5 | C6H9BrO2 |
|
| —— | 3-(2-Diethylaminoethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon | 88735-22-2 | C10H19NO2 |
|
| —— | 2-acetyl-4,4-dimethylbutanolide | 7391-53-9 | C8H12O3 |
|
| —— | 3-(2-Diethylaminoethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon | 88735-26-6 | C12H23NO2 |
|
| —— | 1,5-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one | 98011-07-5 | C5H6O3 |
|
| —— | (3R,4R)-trans-3-methyl-4-heptyloxetan-2-one | 1057557-55-7 | C11H20O2 |
|
| —— | γ-heptyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone | 153925-74-7 | C12H20O2 |
|
| —— | (4RS,5RS)-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 38996-22-4 | C5H8O3 |
|
| —— | cis-(+/-)-4-heptyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one | —— | C11H20O2 |
|
| —— | (S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyoctyl)-3-(methylthio)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1378531-87-3 | C13H24O3S |
|
| —— | α-methylthio-γ-butyrolactone | 40587-54-0 | C5H8O2S |
|
| —— | (+/-)-4-heptyloxetan-2-one | 39185-88-1 | C10H18O2 |
|
| —— | tetra-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-D-glucono-1,4-lactone | 318967-97-4 | C30H66O6Si4 |
|
| —— | (1R,2S,3S,8R,9S,12S)-8-dodecyl-3,12-dimethyl-9-[(1E)-tetradec-1-en-1-yl]-4,11-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.0,�?�]dodec-6-ene-5,10-dione (6) | 1609642-88-7 | C38H64O4 |
|
| —— | 4-(7-Oxooxepan-4-yl)butyl methanesulfonate | 144385-71-7 | C11H20O5S |
|
| —— | 5-(4-Azidobutyl)oxepan-2-one | 134164-08-2 | C10H17N3O2 |
|
| —— | 4-(4-hydroxybutyl)-ε-caprolactone | 134163-31-8 | C10H18O3 |
|
| —— | 5-(4-Aminobutyl)oxepan-2-one | 144385-72-8 | C10H19NO2 |
|
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>, 5S<sup>*</sup>)-dihydro-5-methyl-4-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone | 92927-63-4 | C11H12O2 |
|
| —— | (S)-(+)-Dihydro-5-<(E)-1,3-butadienyl>-2(3H)-furanone | 151915-16-1 | C8H10O2 |
|
| —— | 3,3-divinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1106930-26-0 | C8H10O2 |
|
| —— | tetrahydro-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid methyl ester | 100813-26-1 | C7H10O4 |
|
| —— | 5-oxaspiro[2.4]hept-1-en-4-one | 1106930-20-4 | C6H6O2 |
|
| —— | cis-1,2-cyclobutane dicarboxylic anhydride | 4462-96-8 | C6H6O3 |
|
| —— | [1-<sup>13</sup>C]dehydroascorbic acid | 1159923-26-8 | C6H6O6 |
|
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-[(2R)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropan-2-yl]-4-methyloxolan-2-one | 412342-76-8 | C24H32O3Si |
|
| —— | 4-(but-3-en-1-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 871720-27-3 | C9H14O2 |
|
| —— | Methyl 4-but-3-enyl-2-oxooxane-3-carboxylate | 1184870-99-2 | C11H16O4 |
|
| —— | 4(S)-methyl-5(R)-<1(S)-methyl-2-<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>ethyl>-dihydro-2(3H)furanone | 103576-61-0 | C24H32O3Si |
|
| —— | [4R,6S]-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 385809-06-3 | C13H26O3Si |
|
| —— | dihydropyran-5,6-dione | 154064-57-0 | C5H6O3 |
|
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one | —— | C6H10O6 |
|
| —— | 3-(2-methylsulfanyl-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2(3H)-one | 1082301-45-8 | C7H12O2S |
|
| —— | (S)-γ-valerolactone | 19041-15-7 | C5H8O2 |
|
| —— | 1S,6S-3,7-dioxa-bicyclo<4,3,0>non-4-en-8-one | 87614-57-1 | C7H8O3 |
|
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