内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1S,2R,3R,7S,8R,9R,10R,11S,15S)-8-hydroxy-5,5,13,13-tetramethyl-4,6,12,14,17-pentaoxapentacyclo[8.5.2.02,9.03,7.011,15]heptadecan-16-one | 259137-41-2 | C16H22O7 |
| —— | (R)-3-carbomethoxy-5-methyl-5-phenyl-3,4-dihydro(5H)-furan-2-one | 266694-51-3 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-5-(iodomethyl)-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1187335-43-8 | C11H11IO3 |
| —— | 1-Phenyl-3-n-octylbutyrolacton | 67730-34-1 | C18H26O2 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-4-Heptyl-3-isopropenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 107365-10-6 | C15H26O2 |
| —— | 3,4,8,9-tetramethyl-12-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,6]trideca-3,8-dien-11,13-dione | 25074-57-1 | C16H20O3 |
| —— | 5-methyl-5-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one | 92404-38-1 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | ((R)-2-Azidomethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 540721-22-0 | C11H18N4O4 |
| —— | 1095607-60-5 | C7H12O3 | |
| —— | 3-(1-ethoxyaminopropylidene)-6-ethyl-tetrahydropyrane-2,4-dione | 58433-48-0 | C12H19NO4 |
| —— | 7-(3-Hydroxy-propyl)-7-methyl-oxepan-2-one | 64791-72-6 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | methyl (5aR,6R,7R,8aR)-7-methyl-2-oxo-6-(2-oxoethyl)-3,4,5,5a,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-6-carboxylate | 1378319-36-8 | C16H20O5 |
| —— | lactone of 2.3.4-trimethyl-d-arabonic acid | 908578-55-2 | C8H14O5 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-carboxy-1,2,3,4,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 131481-42-0 | C25H40O7 |
| —— | (9R,11R)-epoxy-14,15,17-trinor-8,9-secolabdan-8,13-olide | 136040-85-2 | C17H28O3 |
| —— | 14,15,17-trinor-8,9-secolabdan-8,13-olide | 136040-83-0 | C17H30O2 |
| —— | (3aS,5aS,6R,9S,9aR,9bS)-3,3a,5a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-4,9-dimethyl-6-triisopropylsilyloxynaphtho[2,1-c]furan-1(9bH)-one | 1115371-90-8 | C23H40O3Si |
| —— | (2S,3R,4S,5Z)-2,3-dihydroxy-5-dodecen-4-olide | 147618-25-5 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (S)-6-phenyl-5-hexyn-4-olide | 140844-85-5 | C12H10O2 |
| —— | 3,3'-dihydroxy-2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bis-trichloromethyl-octahydro-[2,2']bi[1,3]oxazinyl-6,6'-dione | 25393-62-8 | C12H14Cl6N2O6 |
| —— | (2S)-(3R)-(4S)-2-C-methyl-5-deoxyxylono-1,4-lactone | 116491-13-5 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | (Z)-(5aR,12aS)-3,4,5,5a,8,9,12,12a-Octahydro-2H-1,6-dioxa-cycloheptacyclononen-7-one | 127946-51-4 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | (S)-4-((1E,5E)-1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-trimethylsilanyl-hexa-1,5-dienyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 137266-28-5 | C16H28O2Si |
| —— | 5-(2-Ethoxy-1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 65461-16-7 | C12H20O6 |
| —— | 3-Oxatricyclo<5.4.1.0>dodecan-4-on | 70260-36-5 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 3-Methylene-5-oxiranyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 65461-10-1 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 8-deacetylmatricarin-8-O-sulfate sodium salt | 1000815-81-5 | C15H17O7S*Na |
| —— | O2,O3,O6-trimethyl-D-gluconic acid-4-lactone | 908577-48-0 | C9H16O6 |
| —— | (Z)-5,6-Dichloro-3,8-dipropyl-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-oxocin-2-one | 65737-35-1 | C13H20Cl2O2 |
| —— | (3a<i>S</i>)-3ξ,6ξ,9-trimethyl-(3a<i>r</i>,6aξ,9b<i>t</i>)-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydro-3<i>H</i>-azuleno[4,5-<i>b</i>]furan-2-one | 61235-29-8 | C15H22O2 |
| —— | cis-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-4-hexanolide | 124732-64-5 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 1569091-39-9 | C10H18O2Si | |
| —— | (-)-(3S,5S,8E)-3-hydroxy-5-dec-8-enolide | 135352-05-5 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-dimethylene-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5,5'-dione | 342428-69-7 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-4-methyl-5-[(phenylseleno)methyl]-, cis- | 75826-34-5 | C12H14O2Se |
| —— | 6-(2-Methyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 65441-23-8 | C15H22O6 |
| —— | 2,5-di-O-allyl-D-mannaro-1,4:3,6-di-γ-lactone | 654072-04-5 | C12H14O6 |
| —— | 2-Chlormethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-cyclopropan-carbonsaeure-(1)-lacton | 89831-56-1 | C6H7ClO2 |
| —— | O2,O3,O5,O6,O7-pentamethyl-D-glycero-D-gulo-heptonic acid-lactone | 108844-68-4 | C12H22O7 |
| —— | (1R, 2R, 4S, 5R)-1,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(2-methyl)allyl-3-oxocyclohexan-1,5-carbolactone | 1233335-19-7 | C23H42O5Si2 |
| —— | 214484-08-9 | C24H36O8 | |
| —— | (2->4β)-Lacton des 7-Aethylendioxy-4bβ-methyl-2β-carboxy-1.1-formylmethylen-2α-acetonyl-1.2.3.4.4aα.4b.5.6.7.8.10.10aβ-dodecahydro-phenanthrenol-(4β) | 119572-25-7 | C23H28O6 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-allyl-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1383977-41-0 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 2,3-dideoxy-2-hexyl-3-tridecyl-D-glucono-1,5-lactone | 1402081-83-7 | C25H48O4 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-(N-cyclohexylaminocarbonyl,N-cyclohexyl)aminocarbonyl-1,2,3,4,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 131481-43-1 | C38H62N2O7 |
| —— | N,N'-(3-Oxo-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-en-endo-5,exo-6-diyl)bis(carbamidsaeure-tert-butylester) | 82313-11-9 | C17H26N2O6 |
| —— | 8-phenyl-5-oxatricyclo<4.2.2.0<sup>3,8</sup>>decan-4-one | 134834-50-7 | C15H16O2 |
| —— | 6α-tert-butyl-10α-methyl-1-oxa-9α-decal-2-one | 81380-05-4 | C14H24O2 |
| —— | 3,5,6-tri-O-methyl-D-galactono-1,4-lactone | 1131825-63-2 | C9H16O6 |
| —— | 4-acetyl-8-oxo-7-oxa-bicyclo(4.3.0)nonane-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 65441-20-5 | C12H16O5 |
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