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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1R,5R,6R,7S)-6,7-(isopropylidenedioxy)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-one 85026-58-0 C10H14O4
    (1R,5R,6R,7S)-6,7-(isopropylidenedioxy)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-one
    —— [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1R,2S)-2-[(1R)-1-methoxyethyl]-5-oxocyclopentane-1-carboxylate 666831-49-8 C15H22O6
    [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1R,2S)-2-[(1R)-1-methoxyethyl]-5-oxocyclopentane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1R,2S,3R,4S)-2-exo-cyano-3-exo-phenylbicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-endo-carboxylate of (R)-pantolactone 142698-03-1 C21H21NO4
    (1R,2S,3R,4S)-2-exo-cyano-3-exo-phenylbicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-endo-carboxylate of (R)-pantolactone
    —— (1S,2R,3S,4R)-2-exo-cyano-3-exo-phenylbicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-endo-carboxylate of (R)-pantolactone 142635-90-3 C21H21NO4
    (1S,2R,3S,4R)-2-exo-cyano-3-exo-phenylbicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-endo-carboxylate of (R)-pantolactone
    —— (E)-3-bromoacrylate of (R)-pantolactone 126983-28-6 C9H11BrO4
    (E)-3-bromoacrylate of (R)-pantolactone
    —— (3R)-4,4,-dimethyl-3-(oct-1-yn-3-yloxy)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1138163-64-0 C14H22O3
    (3R)-4,4,-dimethyl-3-(oct-1-yn-3-yloxy)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-methoxy-4,4-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-(3H)-one 100101-82-4 C7H12O3
    3-methoxy-4,4-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-(3H)-one
    —— (3R)-3-Methoxy-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one 42411-49-4 C7H12O3
    (3R)-3-Methoxy-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 1-[(R)-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone-3-yl]oxychloroformate 195726-76-2 C7H9ClO4
    1-[(R)-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone-3-yl]oxychloroformate
    —— (3R)-3-[[(4R,6R)-2,4-diphenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazin-6-yl]oxy]-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one 263239-93-6 C22H23NO4
    (3R)-3-[[(4R,6R)-2,4-diphenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazin-6-yl]oxy]-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 6-(phenylseleno)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C13H14O2Se
    6-(phenylseleno)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-formyl-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 89898-38-4 C7H10O3
    4-formyl-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4-(dimethoxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1432223-75-0 C9H16O4
    4-(dimethoxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 1-chloro-c-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-t-3-phenyl-r-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid lactone 92609-31-9 C12H11ClO2
    1-chloro-c-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-t-3-phenyl-r-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid lactone
    —— (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 145285-60-5 C10H10O3
    (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-benzyl-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 850856-43-8 C11H12O3
    4-benzyl-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4R)-4-[(2R)-2-(azidomethyl)butyl]oxolan-2-one 378243-90-4 C9H15N3O2
    (4R)-4-[(2R)-2-(azidomethyl)butyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-(3-(3-trimethylamoniopropylsulfonyl)propyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one iodide 1351669-87-8 C22H44NO4S*I
    (3R,4R)-4-(3-(3-trimethylamoniopropylsulfonyl)propyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one iodide
    —— (3S,4S)-4-(2-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio)ethyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one 1351669-90-3 C20H39NO2S
    (3S,4S)-4-(2-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio)ethyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-(4-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio)butyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one 1351669-94-7 C22H43NO2S
    (3R,4R)-4-(4-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio)butyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-(2-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio)ethyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one 1351669-93-6 C20H39NO2S
    (3R,4R)-4-(2-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio)ethyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-(4-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio)butyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one 1351669-91-4 C22H43NO2S
    (3S,4S)-4-(4-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio)butyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-(4-(3-trimethylamoniopropylsulfonyl)butyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one iodide 1351669-88-9 C23H46NO4S*I
    (3R,4R)-4-(4-(3-trimethylamoniopropylsulfonyl)butyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one iodide
    —— (3S,4S)-4-(5-(3-trimethylamoniopropylsulfonyl)pentyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one iodide 1351669-85-6 C24H48NO4S*I
    (3S,4S)-4-(5-(3-trimethylamoniopropylsulfonyl)pentyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one iodide
    —— (3R,4R)-4-(5-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio)pentyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one 1351669-95-8 C23H45NO2S
    (3R,4R)-4-(5-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio)pentyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-(5-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio)pentyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one 1351669-92-5 C23H45NO2S
    (3S,4S)-4-(5-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio)pentyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-(5-(3-trimethylamoniopropylsulfonyl)pentyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one iodide 1351669-89-0 C24H48NO4S*I
    (3R,4R)-4-(5-(3-trimethylamoniopropylsulfonyl)pentyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one iodide
    —— 3-Bromo-3-methyl-4-propyloxetan-2-one 1146217-72-2 C7H11BrO2
    3-Bromo-3-methyl-4-propyloxetan-2-one
    —— (R)-6-phenethyldihydropyran-2,4-dione 862464-35-5 C13H14O3
    (R)-6-phenethyldihydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5S)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 766-71-2 C7H10O2
    (1R,5S)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— 3-Furancarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyl- 98985-77-4 C11H18O4
    3-Furancarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyl-
    —— 4-(2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one 111748-85-7 C12H14O2
    4-(2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— (2S,3R)-(-)-2-benzyltetrahydro-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid 916248-69-6 C12H12O4
    (2S,3R)-(-)-2-benzyltetrahydro-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3R)-(+)-2-benzyltetrahydro-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid 916248-68-5 C12H12O4
    (2R,3R)-(+)-2-benzyltetrahydro-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid
    —— (-)-6-benzyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 2l 40564-46-3 C12H14O2
    (-)-6-benzyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 2l
    —— 3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxetan-2-one-4-spirocyclohexane 131436-16-3 C10H16O3
    3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxetan-2-one-4-spirocyclohexane
    —— 4-benzyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 130190-21-5 C12H12O2
    4-benzyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (6R)-6-[(1S)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyundecyl]oxan-2-one 865851-20-3 C32H48O3Si
    (6R)-6-[(1S)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyundecyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (1R,5S)-2,8,8-trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one 1449674-36-5 C10H14O2
    (1R,5S)-2,8,8-trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one
    —— (4S,6R)-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one 219546-20-0 C9H16O3
    (4S,6R)-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— cis-1,3-Cyclobutandicarbonsaeureanhydrid 4462-97-9 C6H6O3
    cis-1,3-Cyclobutandicarbonsaeureanhydrid
    —— 4,5-dihydro-5-isopropyl-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one —— C9H16O2
    4,5-dihydro-5-isopropyl-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 7,7-difluoro-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione 1261225-60-8 C8H8F2O3
    7,7-difluoro-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-hydroxy-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 634191-67-6 C6H10O3
    3-hydroxy-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-(2-butynyl)-δ-valerolactone 150055-65-5 C9H12O2
    2-(2-butynyl)-δ-valerolactone
    —— 2-phenylselenohexan-6-olide 57205-08-0 C12H14O2Se
    2-phenylselenohexan-6-olide
    —— (1R,6R)-(+)-2,2,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>octane-4,8-dione 76741-10-1 C10H14O3
    (1R,6R)-(+)-2,2,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>octane-4,8-dione
    —— teujaponin B 72948-20-0 C22H28O7
    teujaponin B
    —— (1'R,2'S,4S,6'S,8'R,11'S,12'R)-11'-hydroxy-2,2,4',4'-tetramethyl-12'-prop-2-enylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-4,7'-3,5,9-trioxatricyclo[6.3.1.02,6]dodecane]-10'-one 616225-49-1 C18H26O7
    (1'R,2'S,4S,6'S,8'R,11'S,12'R)-11'-hydroxy-2,2,4',4'-tetramethyl-12'-prop-2-enylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-4,7'-3,5,9-trioxatricyclo[6.3.1.02,6]dodecane]-10'-one
    —— meso-α,α'-dibromoglutaric anhydride 96960-31-5 C5H4Br2O3
    meso-α,α'-dibromoglutaric anhydride