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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl (1R,6S,9S)-8-oxo-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-9-carboxylate —— C10H14O4
    methyl (1R,6S,9S)-8-oxo-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-9-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4S,5R)-4-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (1R,4S,5R)-4-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R,5R)-4-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (1R,4R,5R)-4-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (5aR,6R,7R,9aS)-5a,6,7-trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[c]oxepin-3-one —— C13H22O2
    (5aR,6R,7R,9aS)-5a,6,7-trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[c]oxepin-3-one
    —— (5aR,6R,7S,9aS)-5a,6,7-trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[c]oxepin-3-one —— C13H22O2
    (5aR,6R,7S,9aS)-5a,6,7-trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[c]oxepin-3-one
    —— (5aR,6R,7R,9aR)-5a,6,7-trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[c]oxepin-3-one —— C13H22O2
    (5aR,6R,7R,9aR)-5a,6,7-trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[c]oxepin-3-one
    —— (5aR,6R,7S,9aR)-5a,6,7-trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[c]oxepin-3-one —— C13H22O2
    (5aR,6R,7S,9aR)-5a,6,7-trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[c]oxepin-3-one
    —— (1S,4S,8S,10E,12R)-10-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione —— C18H26O3S
    (1S,4S,8S,10E,12R)-10-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione
    —— (1R,4S,8S,10E,12R)-10-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione —— C18H26O3S
    (1R,4S,8S,10E,12R)-10-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione
    —— (3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C7H11NO3
    (3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4aS,6aR,7S,9aR)-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid —— C15H16O5
    (1R,4aS,6aR,7S,9aR)-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,3S,7S,9R,10R)-1,9-dimethyl-4-methylidene-6,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,7]tetradecane-5,12-dione —— C15H20O4
    (1R,3S,7S,9R,10R)-1,9-dimethyl-4-methylidene-6,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,7]tetradecane-5,12-dione
    —— (1R,3S,7R,9R,10R)-1,9-dimethyl-4-methylidene-6,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,7]tetradecane-5,12-dione —— C15H20O4
    (1R,3S,7R,9R,10R)-1,9-dimethyl-4-methylidene-6,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,7]tetradecane-5,12-dione
    —— (1R,4R,4aS,6aR,9aS,9bS)-1,4,6a-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-1,4a,5,6,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrocyclopenta[f]isochromene-2,7-dione —— C19H28O4
    (1R,4R,4aS,6aR,9aS,9bS)-1,4,6a-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-1,4a,5,6,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrocyclopenta[f]isochromene-2,7-dione
    —— (1R,4aS,6aS,7R,9aR)-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid —— C15H16O5
    (1R,4aS,6aS,7R,9aR)-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,4R,4aS,6aR,9aS,9bS)-1,4,6a-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-1,4a,5,6,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrocyclopenta[f]isochromene-2,7-dione —— C19H28O4
    (1S,4R,4aS,6aR,9aS,9bS)-1,4,6a-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-1,4a,5,6,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrocyclopenta[f]isochromene-2,7-dione
    —— (1S,4R,4aS,6aR,9aS,9bR)-1,4,6a-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-1,4a,5,6,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrocyclopenta[f]isochromene-2,7-dione —— C19H28O4
    (1S,4R,4aS,6aR,9aS,9bR)-1,4,6a-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-1,4a,5,6,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrocyclopenta[f]isochromene-2,7-dione
    —— ethyl (2S)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C7H8O5
    ethyl (2S)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3Z,4S)-4-methyl-3-[(4S)-4-methyloxolan-2-ylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C10H14O3
    (3Z,4S)-4-methyl-3-[(4S)-4-methyloxolan-2-ylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-methyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (3S,5R)-3-methyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl 2-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C8H12O4
    ethyl 2-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (6R)-4,4,6-trimethyloxan-2-one —— C8H14O2
    (6R)-4,4,6-trimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3Z,4R)-4-methyl-3-[(4S)-4-methyloxolan-2-ylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C10H14O3
    (3Z,4R)-4-methyl-3-[(4S)-4-methyloxolan-2-ylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z,4R)-4-methyl-3-[(4R)-4-methyloxolan-2-ylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C10H14O3
    (3Z,4R)-4-methyl-3-[(4R)-4-methyloxolan-2-ylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-(2-oxo-5-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)acetamide —— C14H20N4O3S2
    2-(2-oxo-5-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)acetamide
    —— (1S,3aS,5R,8aS,9R,9aS)-9-hydroxy-1,5,6-trimethyl-1,3a,4,5,8,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H20O4
    (1S,3aS,5R,8aS,9R,9aS)-9-hydroxy-1,5,6-trimethyl-1,3a,4,5,8,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3S)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboximidamide —— C6H10N2O2
    (3S)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboximidamide
    —— (3R)-3-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3R)-3-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,4R,8R,9R,12S)-9-hydroxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-3-one —— C11H12O3
    (1S,4R,8R,9R,12S)-9-hydroxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-3-one
    —— (1S,4R,8R,9R,12R)-9-hydroxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-3-one —— C11H12O3
    (1S,4R,8R,9R,12R)-9-hydroxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-3-one
    —— (1S,4S,8R,9R,12R)-9-hydroxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-3-one —— C11H12O3
    (1S,4S,8R,9R,12R)-9-hydroxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-3-one
    —— (1S,4S,8R,9R,12S)-9-hydroxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-3-one —— C11H12O3
    (1S,4S,8R,9R,12S)-9-hydroxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-3-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-chloro-5-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C10H17ClO2
    (4R,5S)-4-chloro-5-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-chloro-5-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C10H17ClO2
    (4R,5R)-4-chloro-5-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R,8S,12R)-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione —— C11H14O3
    (1R,4R,8S,12R)-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione
    —— (1R,4R,8S,12S)-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione —— C11H14O3
    (1R,4R,8S,12S)-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione
    —— (1R,4R,8R,12R)-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione —— C11H14O3
    (1R,4R,8R,12R)-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione
    —— (4S)-4-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C8H10Cl2O2
    (4S)-4-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-4-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C8H10Cl2O2
    (4R)-4-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S,5S)-1,4-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C8H12O3
    (1S,4S,5S)-1,4-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— ethyl (2R,3R)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H16O5
    ethyl (2R,3R)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2R,3R)-4,5-dioxo-2-pentan-3-yloxolane-3-carboxylate —— C12H18O5
    ethyl (2R,3R)-4,5-dioxo-2-pentan-3-yloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2S,3S)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H16O5
    ethyl (2S,3S)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (1S,4R,5S)-1,4-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C8H12O3
    (1S,4R,5S)-1,4-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-3,5-diphenyloxolan-2-one —— C16H14O4
    (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-3,5-diphenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-3,5-diphenyloxolan-2-one —— C16H14O4
    (3R,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-3,5-diphenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-3,5-diphenyloxolan-2-one —— C16H14O4
    (3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-3,5-diphenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (2S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-N,N-dipropyloxolane-2-carboxamide —— C12H21NO3
    (2S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-N,N-dipropyloxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-one