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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5R,6R)-5-bromo-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C9H10BrCl3O3
    (5R,6R)-5-bromo-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6R)-5-bromo-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C9H10BrCl3O3
    (5S,6R)-5-bromo-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (6R)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-[4-[(2S)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-2-yl]phenyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C24H30O6
    (6R)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-[4-[(2S)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-2-yl]phenyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (6R)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-[4-[(2R)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-2-yl]phenyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C24H30O6
    (6R)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-[4-[(2R)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-2-yl]phenyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (6S)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-[4-[(2S)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-2-yl]phenyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C24H30O6
    (6S)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-[4-[(2S)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-2-yl]phenyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,6R)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C21H20BrClO3
    (3S,6R)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,6S)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C21H20BrClO3
    (3S,6S)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,6R)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C21H20BrClO3
    (3R,6R)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,6S)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C21H20BrClO3
    (3R,6S)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S)-3-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C16H19BrO4
    (3S)-3-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— (3R)-3-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C16H19BrO4
    (3R)-3-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— (1S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C18H21BrO3
    (1S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— (1R)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C18H21BrO3
    (1R)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— (6S)-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17IO3
    (6S)-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (6R)-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17IO3
    (6R)-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,4S)-N,N-dibenzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C24H27NO3
    (1R,4S)-N,N-dibenzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (2S,3R)-N-cyclohexyl-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carboxamide —— C17H21NO3
    (2S,3R)-N-cyclohexyl-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— [(3R,3aR,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-chloroacetate —— C17H19ClO5
    [(3R,3aR,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-chloroacetate
    —— [(3R,3aS,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-chloroacetate —— C17H19ClO5
    [(3R,3aS,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-chloroacetate
    —— (3S,6R)-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H15FO3
    (3S,6R)-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H15ClO3
    (3S,6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,6S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H15ClO3
    (3S,6S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H15ClO3
    (3R,6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,6S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H15ClO3
    (3R,6S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,4S)-4-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C12H12O2
    (1R,4S)-4-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (6S)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C10H13Cl3O3
    (6S)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3E)-3-[1-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H15NO5
    (3E)-3-[1-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3Z)-3-[1-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H15NO5
    (3Z)-3-[1-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— ethyl (3R,6S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C17H19ClO5
    ethyl (3R,6S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,6S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C17H19ClO5
    ethyl (3S,6S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C17H19ClO5
    ethyl (3S,6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3R,6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C17H19ClO5
    ethyl (3R,6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H21ClO3
    (3R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— 2-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetohydrazide —— C8H14N2O3
    2-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetohydrazide
    —— 2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetohydrazide —— C8H14N2O3
    2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetohydrazide
    —— methyl (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C11H16O4
    methyl (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenyl-ethyl)-amide —— C18H23NO3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenyl-ethyl)-amide
    —— (1R,4S)-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C11H17NO3
    (1R,4S)-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C19H32N2O3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C19H32N2O3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    (3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (1R,4S,8S,9S,10S,12R)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,5-dione —— C20H26O5
    (1R,4S,8S,9S,10S,12R)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,5-dione
    —— (1R,4S,8S,9S,10S,12S)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,5-dione —— C20H26O5
    (1R,4S,8S,9S,10S,12S)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,5-dione
    —— (3S,3aR,9aS,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O3
    (3S,3aR,9aS,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3S,3aS,9aS,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O3
    (3S,3aS,9aS,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (1R,2R,3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (1R,2R,3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (1R,2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2R,5S)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C11H16O4
    (1S,2R,5S)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2S,5S)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C11H16O4
    (1S,2S,5S)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid