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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3E)-3-[[(2S)-oxiran-2-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C7H8O3
    (3E)-3-[[(2S)-oxiran-2-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 13-Hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-3,14,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.5.0.01,6.02,12]pentadecan-4-one —— C15H22O5
    13-Hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-3,14,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.5.0.01,6.02,12]pentadecan-4-one
    —— (3S,3aS,7Z,9aS,9bR)-7-hydroxyimino-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H19NO3
    (3S,3aS,7Z,9aS,9bR)-7-hydroxyimino-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3S,3aR,7Z,9aS,9bR)-7-hydroxyimino-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H19NO3
    (3S,3aR,7Z,9aS,9bR)-7-hydroxyimino-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,3aS,7Z,9aS,9bR)-7-hydroxyimino-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H19NO3
    (3R,3aS,7Z,9aS,9bR)-7-hydroxyimino-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— (2S,3S,5E)-5-ethylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (2S,3S,5E)-5-ethylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,3S,7S,8Z,10R)-7-hydroxy-3-methyl-4,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-8-en-5-one —— C10H14O4
    (1R,3S,7S,8Z,10R)-7-hydroxy-3-methyl-4,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-8-en-5-one
    —— (4S,5R,10S)-4,5-dihydroxy-10-methyloxecane-2,7-dione —— C10H16O5
    (4S,5R,10S)-4,5-dihydroxy-10-methyloxecane-2,7-dione
    —— 2-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C6H8O4
    2-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— (2S,3S)-4-methylidene-5-oxo-2-propyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H12O4
    (2S,3S)-4-methylidene-5-oxo-2-propyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3R)-4-methylidene-5-oxo-2-propyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H12O4
    (2R,3R)-4-methylidene-5-oxo-2-propyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C6H8O4
    2-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— N,N-dibutyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C18H31NO3
    N,N-dibutyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— 5,5-Diethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-(2-phenylethynyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C19H22O3
    5,5-Diethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-(2-phenylethynyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(E)-3-[(2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl]prop-2-enoyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H14O6
    (3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(E)-3-[(2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl]prop-2-enoyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-ethyl-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3S)-3-ethyl-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-ethyl-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3R)-3-ethyl-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-(2-aminoethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H12N2O2
    (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-(2-aminoethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 1,8,8-Trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C11H15O4-
    1,8,8-Trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3E,4R)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5S,6S,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3E,4R)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5S,6S,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-4-[(S)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C17H22O3
    (1R,4S,5S)-4-[(S)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-4-[(S)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C17H21BrO2
    (1R,4S,5S)-4-[(S)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1R,2S,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C11H16O4
    (1R,2S,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-4-[(S)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C17H21BrO2
    (1S,4S,5R)-4-[(S)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,2S,5R)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C11H16O4
    (1S,2S,5R)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,4R)-1-[(2R)-2-bromo-2-phenylethyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C17H21BrO2
    (1R,4R)-1-[(2R)-2-bromo-2-phenylethyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-4-[(S)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C17H22O3
    (1S,4S,5R)-4-[(S)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S)-1-[(2R)-2-bromo-2-phenylethyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C17H21BrO2
    (1S,4S)-1-[(2R)-2-bromo-2-phenylethyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (4R,5R,10S)-4,5-dihydroxy-10-methyloxecane-2,7-dione —— C10H16O5
    (4R,5R,10S)-4,5-dihydroxy-10-methyloxecane-2,7-dione
    —— 2-[(2S,4R)-2-[(3S,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxoocta-4,6-dienyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide —— C17H25NO4
    2-[(2S,4R)-2-[(3S,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxoocta-4,6-dienyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide
    —— (7S,9E)-4,4,7-trimethyl-1-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione —— C13H20O3
    (7S,9E)-4,4,7-trimethyl-1-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione
    —— (6S)-3-acetyl-4-ethyl-6-methyl-1-oxa-4lambda4-thiacyclohex-3-en-2-one —— C9H14O3S
    (6S)-3-acetyl-4-ethyl-6-methyl-1-oxa-4lambda4-thiacyclohex-3-en-2-one
    —— (7E,10R)-7-hydroxyimino-10-methyloxecan-2-one —— C10H17NO3
    (7E,10R)-7-hydroxyimino-10-methyloxecan-2-one
    —— (3E,4S)-4-methyl-3-[(4R)-4-methyloxolan-2-ylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C10H14O3
    (3E,4S)-4-methyl-3-[(4R)-4-methyloxolan-2-ylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (7R,9E)-4,4,7-trimethyl-1-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione —— C13H20O3
    (7R,9E)-4,4,7-trimethyl-1-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione
    —— methyl (2Z)-2-[(4R)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]acetate —— C10H14O4
    methyl (2Z)-2-[(4R)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]acetate
    —— (7E,10S)-7-hydroxyimino-10-methyloxecan-2-one —— C10H17NO3
    (7E,10S)-7-hydroxyimino-10-methyloxecan-2-one
    —— (3aS,3'aR,6aS,6'aS)-3,3'-spirobi[4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan]-2,2'-dione —— C13H16O4
    (3aS,3'aR,6aS,6'aS)-3,3'-spirobi[4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan]-2,2'-dione
    —— 5-[Hydroperoxy(hydroxy)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C5H8O7
    5-[Hydroperoxy(hydroxy)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 12'-(2-Ethoxyethynyl)-12'-hydroxy-3'-methyl-13'-prop-2-enylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,11.03,8]hexadec-8-ene]-14'-one —— C25H32O6
    12'-(2-Ethoxyethynyl)-12'-hydroxy-3'-methyl-13'-prop-2-enylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,11.03,8]hexadec-8-ene]-14'-one
    —— 3-(2-Bromo-1-ethoxyethoxy)-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C10H17BrO4
    3-(2-Bromo-1-ethoxyethoxy)-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(4,5-Dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9NO2S2
    3-(4,5-Dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3a-Methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C9H12O2
    3a-Methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— Ethyl 4-cyano-5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate —— C11H15NO4
    Ethyl 4-cyano-5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3-(1-adamantylcarbamoylamino)propanoate —— C18H26N2O5
    [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3-(1-adamantylcarbamoylamino)propanoate
    —— [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3-(1-adamantylcarbamoylamino)propanoate —— C18H26N2O5
    [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3-(1-adamantylcarbamoylamino)propanoate
    —— methyl (1S,4R,5R)-3-oxo-5-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-4-carboxylate —— C15H16O4
    methyl (1S,4R,5R)-3-oxo-5-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-4-carboxylate
    —— (2S,4R)-N-benzyl-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C20H29NO4
    (2S,4R)-N-benzyl-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O5
    [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— methyl (3R,6S)-3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6-phenyloxane-3-carboxylate —— C22H22O5
    methyl (3R,6S)-3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6-phenyloxane-3-carboxylate